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The first suspected case of zinc deficiency in man was reported from Iran and it was a knowledge of animal deficiency symptoms which first led to speculation that zinc deficiency might be responsible for the retarded growth and hypogonadism. Subsequent studies in Egypt, reported in 1963 and 1967 confirmed that such patients were zinc deficient.

November 8, 1966 Trade union — Official — Dismissal of — Liability of official to dismissal at will and pleasure of Executive Council — Member under disability if dismissed for misconduct — Dismissal of official and member for insubordination to General Secretary — Appeal to Executive Council chaired by General Secretary — General Secretary bringing forward complaint — Whether rules of natural justice applicable — Executive Council hearing prejudicial matters irrelevant to charge of insubordination — Absence of official during statement of prejudicial matters — No opportunity to answer prejudicial and irrelevant matters — Whether union entitled to treat member as if dismissed for misconduct — Whether compliance with rules of natural justice.

THE Fifty‐First Conference of the Library Association takes place in the most modern type of British town. Blackpool is a typical growth of the past fifty years or so, rising from the greater value placed upon the recreations of the people in recent decades. It has the name of the pleasure city of the north, a huge caravansary into which the large industrial cities empty themselves at the holiday seasons. But Blackpool is more than that; it is a town with a vibrating local life of its own; it has its intellectual side even if the casual visitor does not always see it as readily as he does the attractions of the front. A week can be spent profitably there even by the mere intellectualist.

Certain elements of Hayek’s work are prominent precursors to the modern field of complex adaptive systems, including his ideas on spontaneous order, his focus on market processes, his contrast between designing and gardening, and his own framing of complex systems. Conceptually, he was well ahead of his time, prescient in his formulation of novel ways to think about economies and societies. Technically, the fact that he did not mathematically formalize most of the notions he developed makes his insights hard to incorporate unambiguously into models. However, because so much of his work is divorced from the simplistic models proffered by early mathematical economics, it stands as fertile ground for complex systems researchers today. I suggest that Austrian economists can create a progressive research program by building models of these Hayekian ideas, and thereby gain traction within the economics profession. Instead of mathematical models the suite of techniques and tools known as agent-based computing seems particularly well-suited to addressing traditional Austrian topics like money, business cycles, coordination, market processes, and so on, while staying faithful to the methodological individualism and bottom-up perspective that underpin the entire school of thought.

WE offer our readers again our best wishes for the joy that appropriately belongs to Christmas. The happy festival comes at the close of one of the most fruitful and useful years in library history: a year which has seen wide developments—not, indeed, in the establishment of new libraries, though these have not been wanting (the last month of the year, for example, has seen Lord Elgin open the new library at Hendon), but in a drawing together of existing organizations, the creation of a really new Library Association, and a degree of co‐operation which thirty years ago would have seemed difficult.

The purpose of this study is to address why managers enter the excessive market. A comparison of the facts and perceptions of entrants relative to success in the market shows that many entrants are confident about the viability of their businesses and enter the market. Accordingly, the authors simulate market entry decisions to detect behavioral biases.

The authors adapted the entry decisions simulation method, which is supported by the theoretical foundations of signal detection theory (SDT) and signaling theory. The simulation model is implemented on the Anaconda platform and written in Python 3.

The results of this study suggest that overestimation relates to excess market entry. Also, the proportion of excess entry under difficult conditions is always higher than under easy conditions.

This research helps managers and firms think about their and their competitors' abilities and evaluate them before entering the market. Policymakers and practitioners can also design programs such as experiential learning to help entrants assess their skills.

So far, no research has investigated the role of overconfidence under different market conditions. Accordingly, this study contributes to the current market entry literature by disentangling the debate between absolute and relative confidence and by considering the role of task difficulty.

Hogarth recently identified that what was mainly missing in the evaluation of management training was a model of what was intended to be achieved in the first place. If we have no clear idea what effects are sought, the most sophisticated measurement techniques are to no avail. Foy also argued recently that more boundary crossing was needed in the 1980s between Business Schools and company training departments. If we put their two well substantiated propositions together, we have a need for a model and a programme of activities in management training which straddles both the Business School's resources and the company's learning environment. Visually, this is traditionally accomplished by a Venn diagram, and in Figure 1 this is attempted.