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The authors revisit the literature on the use of expatriates and specifically Boyacigiller (1990) and examine whether OW Bunker, a Danish bunker oil trader, filled positions at its foreign units with traders transferred from its other units (expatriates). The authors test the generalizability and robustness of past findings on this topic by using a different dependent variable, sample, and methodology.

By searching the traders' LinkedIn profiles and consulting secondary sources, the authors obtain data on current and previous positions and work location and type of customer handled (global or local). Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), the authors analyze 236 hiring decisions made between 1983 and 2014.

The authors find that OW transferred expatriates, principally home-country nationals, to handle global customers in its large foreign subsidiaries located in high-income countries. In another clear pattern, expatriates were used to start new foreign subsidiaries. These results generally confirm those of Boyacigiller. However, and contrary to her findings, none of our scenarios for internal transfers feature expatriates being sent to culturally and institutionally distant subsidiaries unless it is to serve global customers, casting doubt on the idea that a major reason for using expatriates is to remedy a local shortage of skills or to handle political risk.

The authors test the generalizability of Boyacigiller’s (1990) findings and confirm a large part of it. They extend her study by demonstrating that MNEs deploy expatriates not only to distant countries but also to close ones.

This study focuses on the linkages between foreign direct investment and the research and development (R&D) and innovation activity of domestic enterprises in Vietnam.

The Heckman selection model approach is applied to a panel dataset of nearly 7,000 Vietnamese firms for the 2011–2015 study period to investigate the impact of foreign presence on the R&D of local firms through horizontal and vertical linkages. Probit model estimation is employed to examine how foreign investment influences the innovation activity of local companies.

While there are a small number of firms carrying out R&D activities in Vietnam, foreign or joint domestic–foreign venture firms are less inclined than domestic firms to undertake R&D. Domestic factors that include capital, labor quality, location and export status of firm have a significant effect on the decision of domestic firms to participate in R&D activity. Only forward linkages and the gross firm output are found to have an impact on the R&D intensity of domestic enterprises, while other factors appear to have no significant influence on how much firms spend on R&D activities.

In order to promote the R&D activity of domestic firms, policy should focus on (1) the backward linkages between local firms in downstream sectors with their foreign suppliers in upstream sectors, and (2) the internal factors such as labor, capital or location that affect the decisions made by domestic firms.

Given that foreign investment may affect R&D and innovation activity of local firms in host countries, the impact is relatively unexplored for many emerging economies and not so in the case of Vietnam. The availability of a unique survey on Vietnamese firm technology and competitiveness provides the opportunity to address this gap in the literature.

This study aims to examine the complex effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on China’s agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) from 2005 to 2020. It also explores the role of absorptive capacity as a moderating factor during this period.

Employing provincial panel data from China, this research measures agricultural TFP using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA)-Malmquist method. The impact of FDI on agricultural productivity is further analyzed using a nondynamic panel threshold model.

The results highlight technological progress as the main driver of agricultural TFP growth in China. Agricultural FDI (AFDI) seems to impede TFP development, whereas nonagricultural FDI (NAFDI) shows a distinct positive spillover effect. The study reveals a threshold in absorptive capacity that affects both the direct and spillover impacts of FDI. Provinces with higher absorptive capacity are less negatively impacted by AFDI and more likely to benefit from FDI spillovers (FDISs).

This study provides new insights into the intricate relationship between FDI, absorptive capacity and agricultural productivity. It underscores the importance of optimizing technological progress and research and development (R&D) to enhance agricultural productivity in China.

This study examines the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) and formal and informal institutional distances between the home and host countries on the innovation performance of parent company.

This study uses panel data to conduct an empirical analysis on the data of 59 mature Chinese MNCs and their 872 overseas subsidiaries over the past 11 years and draws interesting results.

Results show that OFDI and formal and informal institutional distances between countries exert a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of the parent company and formal and informal institutional distances negatively moderate the impact between OFDI and the parent company's innovation performance.

Although international business research pays increasing attention to transnational differences in institutions and cultures, research on the relationship between technology spillover and distance is relatively limited. In addition, few studies consider the impact of FID and IFID on transnational reverse knowledge spillovers. This research fills these research gaps, and the conclusions have certain practical significance for multinational companies.

The development of green manufacturing has become essential to achieve sustainable development and modernize the nation’s manufacturing and production capacity without increasing nonrenewable resource consumption and pollution. This study investigates the effect of green industrial practices on technical efficiency for Thai manufacturers.

The study uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) and inefficiency effects model, as pioneered by Battese and Coelli (1995).

This study shows that, on average, Thai manufacturing firms have experienced declining returns-to-scale production and relatively low technical efficiency. However, it is estimated that Thai manufacturing firms with a green commitment obtained the highest technical efficiency, followed by those with green activity, green systems and green culture levels, compared to those without any commitment to green manufacturing practices. Finally, internationalization and skill development can significantly improve technical efficiency.

Green industry policy mixes will be vital for driving structural reforms toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable economic system. Furthermore, circular economy processes can promote firms' production efficiency and resource use.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effect of green industry practices on the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing enterprises. This study also encompasses analyses of the roles of internationalization, innovation and skill development.

Foreign subsidiaries incur substantial institutional conformity costs because they have to respond to host-country institutional pressures (Slangen & Hennart, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to study this type of cost from institutional and regulatory perspectives. The authors argue that these costs decrease when the host country adopts concepts of international regulations that multinationals may be familiar with due to their own home country regulation experience. This prior regulatory experience gives foreign subsidiaries an advantage of foreignness (AoF), which can offset their liability of foreignness (LoF).

This study compared the returns on assets of 35 domestic firms with those of foreign subsidiaries in the Brazilian energy industry between 2002 and 2021, using regression dynamic panel data.

The existence of a relationship between the international regulatory norm and the Brazilian regulator has transformed the LoF into an advantage of foreignness to compete with local energy firms. The results also suggest that the better the regulatory quality of the subsidiary’s country of origin, the better its performance in Brazil, as it can reduce compliance costs. Finally, the greater the psychic distance between Brazil and the foreign subsidiary’s home country, the worse its performance.

The research suggests that one of the keys to competitiveness in host countries is local regulatory ties. Prior international regulatory experience gives foreign subsidiaries an asset of foreignness (AoF). This result complements the current institutional and regulatory foreignness studies on emerging economies (Cuervo-Cazurra & Genc, 2008; Mallon et al., 2022) and the institutional asymmetry between home and host country (Mallon & Fainshmidt, 2017).

This research suggests that one of the keys to competitiveness in host countries is local regulatory ties. Prior international regulatory experience gives foreign subsidiaries an asset of foreignness (AoF). This result complements the current institutional and regulatory foreignness studies on emerging economies (Cuervo-Cazurra & Genc, 2008; Mallon et al., 2022) and the institutional asymmetry between home and host country (Mallon & Fainshmidt, 2017). The practical implication is that the relationship between conformity costs, capital budget calculation and strategic planning for internationalization will be related to the governance quality of the home country of multinationals. The social implication is that a country interested in attracting more direct foreign investment to areas that need foreign technology transfer and resources may consider adopting international regulatory standards.

The social implication is that a country interested in attracting more direct foreign investment to areas that need foreign technology transfer and resources may consider adopting international regulatory standards.

This research discuss firm and local regulator tie is one of core competitiveness in host countries (Yang and Meyer, 2020). This study also complements the current institutional and regulatory foreignness studies in emerging economy (Cuervo-Cazurra & Genc, 2008; Mallon et al., 2022). Second, prior regulatory experience of multinational enterprise in similar environment can affect its foreign affiliate performance (Perkins, 2014). Third, this study confirms current literature that argues that knowledge and ability to operate in an institutionalized country can be transferred from parent to affiliate. In the end, this study investigates whether AoF persists when host governments improve the governance of their industries.

With increasing environmental issue and problems, this study aims to explore how the female directors' foreign experience and corporate green commitment in emerging economics like China from 2008 to 2020.

The authors draw data of all ‘A’ share listed firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2020 from the renowned Chinese database China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR). The study's data collection start from 2008, because data about green commitment are not available on CSMAR before 2008 and final year is 2020 because data about green commitment is available at the time of data collection. After dropping observations with missing data, the study's final sample contains 20,255 firm year-observations. Finally, in accordance with prior studies, the authors classified enterprises according to the “China Securities and Regulatory Commission” (2012) to categorize firms.

The authors find that female directors' foreign experience enhances the green commitment in Chinese listed companies. In additional analysis, the authors find this relationship is more pronounced when one or more foreign directors. The study's findings are robustness to different economic techniques and alternative measure of dependent variables and endogeneity concerns. Overall, the study's findings show that female directors with foreign experience transmit environmental and sustainable knowledge and practices to Chinese companies.

First, the authors believe that this is the first study to analyze the impact of the overseas experience of female directors on corporate green commitment. Most previous studies have examined the influence of the presence of female directors or different attributes such as age, education and independence of female directors on board decisions, in order to protect the interests of multiple stakeholders (Elmagrhi et al., 2019; He and Jiang, 2019; McGuinness et al., 2017). This study finds that, in addition to other different attributes, the foreign experience of female directors also has a significant role in promoting corporate green commitment. By pushing corporate green commitment, these women directors leverage their experience in advanced economies abroad to add to the Chinese government's environmental and sustainability goal of achieving net zero carbon by 2060. As such, this is one of the first studies to highlight the experiences of female directors in transferring environmental and sustainability practices to Chinese companies. Second, the authors add to the literature by integrating two important board perspectives, such as gender diversity and the impact of foreign experience on corporate green commitment. Previous research has explored the presence or absence of female directors on board or foreign experience. However, this study adds to the literature by introducing important attributes of the influence of female directors' foreign experience on decision making. Third, this study provides evidence on the impact of foreign independent directors on the board. The authors document foreign independent directors enhance the relationship between female directors' foreign experience and corporate green commitment. The study's findings complement previous research by Liang and Renneboog (2017), showing that female directors with foreign experience transfer advanced levels of environmental and sustainable practice knowledge to Chinese companies.

Family policy is an area where policy transfer has garnered a lot of attention lately. A growing body of research demonstrates policymakers' interest in and willingness to adopt foreign family policies. However, previous studies have tended to neglect the second mechanism of policy transfer: resistance. This manuscript aims to address this research gap by exploring both the willingness and resistance to policy transfer in Czech and Korean childcare and leave policies.

This study employs a qualitative research design, incorporating structured expert interviews instrumental in in-depth thematic analysis.

The analysis shows that policymakers in both countries demonstrated interest and willingness to transfer family policies, albeit employing different strategies and to varying extents. Moreover, the two countries exhibited significant differences in resistance to family policy transfer, with resistance in the Czech Republic being more frequent and effective. Resistance is directed towards both forced and voluntary transfers, although it isn't always against transfers that require a paradigm change. Policy transfer and non-transfer can concurrently be perceived as threats.

The study concludes that integrating both policy transfer and resistance in the analyses helps to shed light on cross-national differences in family policy change and contributes to a more nuanced portrayal of the world of policy transfer in this policy field.

The purpose of this study is to identify money laundering typologies and techniques in Ethiopia.

This is a descriptive study that relies on primary data generated from interviewees drawn from the Ethiopian Financial Intelligence Center, Ethiopian Customs Commission, selected commercial banks and law enforcement agencies, as well as secondary data from government reports, media press, statutes and other online and offline sources.

According to this study, criminals in Ethiopia used several laundering techniques, the most common of which are money laundering using financial institutions, trade-based money laundering, cash-based money laundering, money laundering through illegal hawala, shell companies, or anonymous beneficiaries. Criminals have recently been suspected of using financial technologies and virtual currencies to launder the proceeds of their illicit activities. The laundering strategies are extremely intertwined and their distinction remains highly blurred. Moreover, the typologies are operated transnationally, despite being highly tailored to Ethiopia’s political economy.

This is one of the very few papers to date that provides the typologies and techniques of money laundering, specifically in the context of cash-intensive economies.

This study aims to examine the corporate venturing strategy of successful emerging market multinational enterprises and discern commonalities and useful tactics for other firms attempting to follow in their footsteps. Understanding the corporate venturing strategies used by these successful firms may be instructive for other firms whether from emerging markets or developed countries.

We selected 11 multinationals in emerging markets for this study, from a variety of industries in China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan and South Korea. Success here is defined as rapid international expansion, increased revenue and greater innovation capacity. These firms have become globally competitive against established companies from the developed countries.

Some commonality in corporate venturing strategy has been found along with factors that have contributed to this use being effective. They may provide some worthwhile examples for other firms, both in developing and developed countries.

The contributions of this research are to add to the understanding of how some multinationals from developing countries have been able to rapidly build up their capabilities to become successful global competitors through their corporate venturing strategy.