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Article
Publication date: 4 December 2017

Se-Hwa Ahn

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) foreign agent operations on their international performance. This study thus…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) foreign agent operations on their international performance. This study thus investigates a mechanism in which market information obtained through agents is interpreted, transformed and applied for decision making and presents outcomes. In particular, the study focuses on the mediating role of adaptive capability on the relationship between market information management and export performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the theories of knowledge-based view and contingency paradigm, a research model is developed for linking the key constructs of foreign agent operations, information management, adaptive capability and performance. Structural equation modeling is applied for testing the model using data collected from a sample of 152 Korean SME exporters.

Findings

The results indicate that a firm’s operation quality of foreign agents strongly affects the quality of market information management which consequently impacts export performance. In the relationship between market information management and export performance, in particular, adaptive capability is found to play a mediating role. This implies that export performance is, for the most part, achieved by the mediation of adaptive capability, although market information leads directly to export performance to some degree. The results also confirm the existence of reciprocal causation between a firm’s export performance and foreign agent operations. The finding suggests that the outcome of SME export performance continues to provide feedback to its operations of foreign agents and consistently influence each other.

Originality/value

This study makes an important contribution to the body of export literature by identifying the mediating effects of adaptive capability on the relationship between market information management and export performance. In addition, the results create a recursive model for SME export performance by verifying the reciprocal relationship between export performance and operating with agents. This study thus helps extend understanding of international operations through foreign agents in the SME context.

Details

Journal of Korea Trade, vol. 21 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1229-828X

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 31 December 2008

Koo Woong Park

I study the economic implications of the world oil market dominated by OPEC and non-OPEC major oil producing countries using a general equilibrium model of trilateral trade with…

Abstract

I study the economic implications of the world oil market dominated by OPEC and non-OPEC major oil producing countries using a general equilibrium model of trilateral trade with oil duopoly. There are three countries and three goods, x, y, and oil (z). Home (H) is endowed with good x . Foreign (F) is endowed with good y and also produces oil (z). Middle (M) is an oil producing country and supplies oil only. I consider two types of oil market structure; (1) Cournot duopoly and (2) perfect competition. I find that Foreign is actually worse off under Cournot duopoly despite being a duopolist for wide range of parameter values that reflect real world situations. This is mainly due to reduced consumption of oil and reduced value of good y endowment under duopoly when Foreign is a net oil exporter or oil autarky, and is also due to worsening terms-of-trade effect under duopoly when Foreign is a net oil importer. Welfare reversal with higher welfare of Foreign under oil duopoly occurs only under highly unrealistic parameter values, and hence the main results of the study remain robust.

Details

Journal of International Logistics and Trade, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1738-2122

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 January 2020

Tore Mysen and Bård Tronvoll

This paper aims to examine the extent to which exporter difficulties in evaluating foreign sales agent performance affect export performance, either directly or as mediated by…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the extent to which exporter difficulties in evaluating foreign sales agent performance affect export performance, either directly or as mediated by opportunism.

Design/methodology/approach

In developing the hypotheses, the study integrates transaction cost theory and principal-agent theory. The proposed relationships between the constructs (performance ambiguity, opportunism, and export performance) are examined for a multi-industry sample of Norwegian exporters in their dealings with foreign sales agents. A survey of 410 qualified key informants yielded 101 usable questionnaires – a response rate of 24.6%. Structural equation modeling is used for data analysis and hypothesis testing.

Findings

The analysis finds support for the hypothesis that sales agent performance ambiguity relates negatively to export performance. While performance ambiguity is positively related to sales agent opportunistic behavior, opportunism does not significantly influence export performance. It seems that the adaptation costs created by the evaluation problem are of greater importance in reducing export performance than the costs created by opportunistic behavior.

Research limitations/implications

In focusing on the core dimensions of sales agent performance in foreign markets, other factors influencing export performance are not included. The fact that small Norwegian firms dominate the sample, further limits application and generalization of the findings. Hence, results should be interpreted with caution and the study considered as investigative. Nevertheless, the results indicate to export managers and theory potentially deteriorating dimensions in the relationship between exporter and foreign independent sales agent.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine how performance ambiguity and opportunistic behavior among foreign sales agents affect export performance. By concentrating on basic deteriorating dimensions, the study adds to the few that focus on inhibiting drivers of exporter – foreign–sales–agent relationships.

Details

European Business Review, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-534X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1999

Rocco R. Vanasco

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 and its amendment – the Trade and Competitive Act of 1988 – are unique not only in the history of the accounting and auditing…

17271

Abstract

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 and its amendment – the Trade and Competitive Act of 1988 – are unique not only in the history of the accounting and auditing profession, but also in international law. The Acts raised awareness of the need for efficient and adequate internal control systems to prevent illegal acts such as the bribery of foreign officials, political parties and governments to secure or maintain contracts overseas. Its uniqueness is also due to the fact that the USA is the first country to pioneer such a legislation that impacted foreign trade, international law and codes of ethics. The research traces the history of the FCPA before and after its enactment, the role played by the various branches of the United States Government – Congress, Department of Justice, Securities Exchange commission (SEC), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS); the contributions made by professional associations such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICFA), the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), the American Bar Association (ABA); and, finally, the role played by various international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). A cultural, ethical and legalistic background will give a better understanding of the FCPA as wll as the rationale for its controversy.

Details

Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 14 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-6902

Keywords

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 May 2018

Russian NGOs operating in a constricted environment.

Details

DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB233464

ISSN: 2633-304X

Keywords

Geographic
Topical
Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2012

Carl Pacini, Mushfiq Swaleheen and Katherine Barker

Empirical research demonstrates that bribery has a detrimental impact on investment, economic growth, trade, and democratic governments. In response to rising bribery activity and…

Abstract

Empirical research demonstrates that bribery has a detrimental impact on investment, economic growth, trade, and democratic governments. In response to rising bribery activity and the additional burdens placed on corporate officials by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 has reached an all-time high. Although many managers, financial officers, entrepreneurs, and auditors are aware of the FCPA's objectives and mandates, many do not do an adequate job of protecting their firms, employees, and/or clients from fines and prison sentences. The purposes of this paper are to (1) analyze and describe bribery and FCPA case filings, sanctions, payments (bribes), and value of business to be obtained; (2) describe and analyze the important provisions of the FCPA; (3) discuss vicarious liability or the liability of U.S. firms and others for the acts of third parties; and (4) make recommendations to help firms improve their compliance with the FCPA.

Details

Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-761-1

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1997

Toyohiro Hasegawa

Up until now, university and college libraries in Japan have managed to cope with various changing elements. The ever‐increasing costs of serials publications have been met thanks…

309

Abstract

Up until now, university and college libraries in Japan have managed to cope with various changing elements. The ever‐increasing costs of serials publications have been met thanks to the steady yearly increase of library budgets, the yen’s appreciation and the efforts of subscriptions agents. These favourable conditions, however, are not expected to continue. In order to offer information services effectively to patrons in the future, university and college libraries must consider various alternatives. These options will include methods such as outsourcing, the secondary publishing market and information literacy.

Details

Library Management, vol. 18 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-5124

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2008

Germana Corrado

The paper aims at developing a theoretical model for de facto dollarized small open economies focusing on currency substitution and nominal wages indexation to the exchange rate.

1667

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims at developing a theoretical model for de facto dollarized small open economies focusing on currency substitution and nominal wages indexation to the exchange rate.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is performed in a general equilibrium “New Open Economy Macroeconomics” framework with nominal rigidities and imperfect competition in the nontraded good sector.

Findings

The paper finds that a dollar‐indexed economy with low degrees of payments/financial dollarization could experience higher costs in terms of exchange rate and output fluctuations when nominal shocks dominate real shocks, making stabilization programs more difficult to achieve in a rapid and less costly way.

Practical implications

The speed of adjustment of macro variables is faster in the highly dollarized economy as a response to a higher and more volatile inflation rate. A higher level of financial dollarization increases the frequency of domestic prices and wages revisions to nominal exchange rate shocks. This might explain, in turn, why nominal disturbances are shorter lived in the higher dollarized economies, and the asymmetry between financial and real dollarization

Originality/value

Contrary to the “conventional wisdom” that predicts a positive relationship between the degrees of dollarization and the exchange rate pass‐through, our model shows that the degree of dollarization and the degree of dollar indexation are not necessarily the same or even correlated.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2001

Han‐Chieh Chao

Notes that cellular is the inevitable future architecture for the personal communication service system (PCS). This is important for wireless mobile communications and will…

1543

Abstract

Notes that cellular is the inevitable future architecture for the personal communication service system (PCS). This is important for wireless mobile communications and will eventually be integrated with the Internet. Recent initiatives to add mobility to the Internet and packet data services for the next generation cellular systems are being considered by many mobile service providers, and providing a seamless support for IP‐based packet switched services is an important issue. Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (Ipv6) is a new version of the Internet Protocol that was standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It supports mobility and is presently being standardized by the IETF Mobile IP Working Group. Discusses the current cellular support based on Ipv6 and points out the shortfalls of using Mobile IP. Highlights protocols especially for mobile management schemes which can optimize a high speed mobile station moving among small wireless cells.

Details

Internet Research, vol. 11 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1066-2243

Keywords

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 March 2018

The bills were introduced in late 2017 to update the 1938 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA). The changes come amid debates over alleged Russian influence in the 2016 US…

Details

DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB230246

ISSN: 2633-304X

Keywords

Geographic
Topical
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