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This paper aims to provide graduate students, researchers and government and independent agencies with an overview on BLEVE (i.e. boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion).

BLEVE has been studied by researchers, academicians, company specialists, and government and independent agencies. BLEVE incidents are collected from several sources such as technical and general articles, internet web sites and internal reports. BLEVE definitions, history, theory, types, hazards, and models are reviewed. BLEVE incidents are arranged and classified into fires, overfilling, explosions, overheating, runaways, overpressure, collisions, corrosion, and damage (derailment).

BLEVE types are classified into cold BLEVEs, hot BLEVEs, and BLEVEs. The major consequences of a BLEVE are thermal radiation from the resultant fireball and the fragments produced when the vessel fails. Several approaches are developed to describe BLEVE theory. BLEVE incidents are classified into explosions, damage (derailment), overfilling, fires, collisions, runaways, overpressure, overheating, and corrosion. The world has witnessed 74 BLEVE incidents in the period 1926‐1986. BLEVE incidents resulted in 1,427 fatalities and 635 injuries. The materials involved in BLEVE were flammable and non‐flammable. The highest frequencies of BLEVE incidents were due to explosions and damage to tanks. Explosion and damage BLEVE incidents resulted in high injuries. Overfilling and fire BLEVE incidents resulted in high fatalities.

This paper presents an overview of BLEVE definitions, history, incidents, types, theory, hazards and models. BLEVE incidents are classified. This paper combines scattered BLEVE incidents into one record.

Intended for use in vinyl finishes to improve pigment wetting, Nuodex NA is a liquid organo‐metallic dispersing agent for non‐aqueous systems. It is a clear or slightly hazy amber liquid, with a density of 0·95g/cm3 at 15°C and a viscosity of 4 poise at 25°C. It is also expected to increase pigment loading and reduce the dispersion time. Use of the agent enables lacquers to be produced directly, by ball milling, with an excellent gloss and good colour retention on stoving.

The present work developed a national web-based corrosion cost inventory system for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which can be used by any nation with little bit of customization. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

The proposed system is designed to be divided into five major sectors namely, utilities, transportation, infrastructure, government, and production and manufacturing. Each of these major sectors is having further sub-sectors and then blown down to the industry and specific identity. The web-based application is developed using Dotnet on SQL server. The corrosion cost estimation procedures and corrosion rates in different sectors and sub-sectors have been adapted from the literature.

The proposed developed system will enable end-users to provide corrosion and cost-related data through web-based online system. The input information from end-users will be authenticated by a corrosion auditor before finally entering into the database tables. The system is also capable of generating reports related to corrosion cost which the nation is paying with further details of corrosion costs borne by each sector and sub-sector. These reports will be helpful in making decision to identify the sector and sub-sectors which are more prone to corrosion and consuming more money to combat corrosion. Finally, the sectors and sub-sectors that are identified through the proposed system could be put under thrust research areas to combat corrosion problem and hence reduce the corrosion cost burden in future.

To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt on providing a web-based corrosion cost inventory system on national basis which could be adapted by any nation with some customization. It is flexible and can be expanded as the need may arise.

The Secretary of State:—

A new semi‐automatic filling machine capable of handling highly viscous materials is now available from Neumo, Quarry Road, Newhaven, East Sussex BN9 9DE.

This paper gives an overview on the evolution and standards development of the external corrosion protection systems used for flammable and combustible liquids underground storage tanks (USTs) in North America. The paper first describes the different types of corrosion protected USTs for flammable and combustible liquids in North America. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each of the corrosion protection systems used. Finally, it looks forward to some of the technical trends in the North American UST industry and the standard certification process for underground tank external corrosion protection, with updates on the technology and standards in the international UST industry.

I SUPPOSE THERE is a degree of risibility about the suggestion—mine own—that 1983 should be the year of Touche Ross.