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The intelligent use of corrosion‐resistant and other materials in the design of a range of fluorescent lighting fittings has provided an answer to the problem of lighting maintenance in many aggressive environments.

EVERY method employed by librar ns to bring books to the notice of readers may be justified It is thus desirable to devote an occasional issue of THE LIBRARY WORLD to this attractive subject. Our writers take differing views, but there is always a single aim in their work: to bring right book and reader into acquaintance. We might have to meet the challenge, which indeed one of our writers implies, that such book display may deflect the Library from its original, rightful purpose. Until these terms are defined such a challenge is a begging of the question. Often we have mentioned the question, For what public is the public library working? Was it intended to serve as an auxiliary, and then an extension, of the official education system? It has always indeed been more and less than that. Our founders were able to argue that libraries would withdraw men from beer and ill‐company, but from the first they probably failed to do that, and made their appeal to the intelligent elements in the community. As they developed and public education waxed, there grew up an enormous literature, available in early years in small quantity, the aim of which was entertainment only, and there survived—there survives still—a notion which was based on an earlier conception of books, that to read was somehow educative and virtuous, whatever was read. Librarians hold this notion in some measure to‐day, although the recent success of twopenny libraries which are mainly devoted to the entertainment type of literature must have made them revise the view somewhat.

UNTIL 1952 Queen's University was fortunate to have one main library building. With the establishment of the Institute of Clinical Science in the hospital area 1½ miles from the main university site, the formation of a separate medical library near the hospitals was considered essential.

THERE is no argument more futile in the field of librarianship than that of whether it is preferable that librarians should be bookmen or administrators. Nonetheless, the President thought fit to make it one of the main points of his address to the Conference, painting in words two pictures—one of the “business executive” type librarian with his clear desk, telephone and secretary, and the other of a “scholar” type surrounded by books and dust, oblivious to the outside world. If it were possible to define the terms “bookman” and “administrator” in relation to library work there might be some point in a discussion on the subject. What is meant when a librarian is called a bookman? Is a bookman someone who comes to work like everyone else, but once arrived sits in an office and spends the rest of the day reading? If this is what a bookman does, does he read old books or new books? If old books, does he read them literally or bibliographically? Does he read purposefully in order to create some new work of his own, or without purpose? The question is an endless one, but then no librarian could possibly spend the whole of his working life so engaged.

Additive manufacturing technology, also commonly called as 3D printing technology, is entering rapidly into the aerospace world and seems to be its future. Many manufacturing processes are replaced by this technology because the ease of use, low costs and new possibilities to make complicated parts. However, there are only few solutions which present manufacturing of structurally critical parts.

Complete process of deriving loads, design of fitting geometry, numerical validation, manufacturing and strength testing was presented. The emphasis was made to show specific features of 3D technology in printed fittings for UAV.

The research confirms that the technology can be used for the application of fittings manufacturing. Attention needs to be paid, during the design process, to account for specific features of the 3D printing technology, which is described in details.

Without a doubt, additive manufacturing is useful for manufacturing complicated parts within limited time and with reduction cost. It was also shown that the manufactured parts can be used for highly loaded structures.

The paper shows how additive manufacturing technology can be used to produce significantly loaded parts of airplanes’ structure. Only few such examples were presented till now.

Time standards are essential to plan and analyze manufacturing processes. A key element of process planning that is not generated from a typical computer‐aided process plan (CAPP) is the process time standards. Generative process planning that includes time standards is particularly needed in the construction steel building (CSB) industry due to variability in projects (orders) size and content. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to focus on incorporating time standards into CAPP of CSB.

Empirical formulas are developed to generate time standards for variant steel beams based on their CAD files (design parameters and geometry) and process parameters (operational conditions). A Motion and Time Study (MTS) is used to estimate times for manual work elements such as load/unload activities and to validate the generated time standards. A generic parametric model is developed with Excel and integrated into the CAPP system to automatically estimate the standard time of each process operation.

Results showed that developing the time standards module for process operations and integrating its spreadsheets into a generative CAPP has helped process planners to arrive at better estimates of process parameters and has helped production management and the overall project management process in CSB industry.

The application of the proposed approach is not limited to CSB industry but it can also contribute to the continuing growth of CAPP applications in other industries.

The study is unique since it incorporates time standards into the architecture of CAPP system for accurate time and cost estimation and effective resource allocation and project management and it utilizes motion and time study (MTS) to collect complementary process data and validate the model‐generated cycle times.

An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work, for controlling the keeping and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions into the atmosphere; to make further provision with respect to the employment medical advisory service; to amend the law relating to building regulations, and the Building (Scotland) Act 1959; and for connected purposes. [31st July 1974]

This paper aims to examine the implementation of target cost management (TCM) at a Japanese shipbuilding company.

Using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation as a framework, the paper presents a longitudinal in-depth case study of TCM implementation project to show the issues involved in implementing TCM.

The paper finds that the diffusion of TCM is a consequence of a deliberate managerial activity – which in this case is the control over the TCM implementation. The TCM implementation project in our case ended in failure. The paper shows that the lack of appropriate controls over the TCM implementation project was the main reason for its failure.

The paper shows how TCM implementation is a part of the process of TCM diffusion within an organisation. In the previous studies of TCM, researchers have noted how well-managed TCM implementation projects were; thus, suggesting how TCM implementation should take place. The paper focuses on the control over the TCM implementation, simply because TCM does not naturally diffuse throughout an organisation.

Aging of building stock is emerging. Open Building as a sustainable approach to deal with the problems associated with the aging housing stock is seldom applied in high-rise, densely populated built environment. With aims to identify the constraints and seek rooms for Open Building implementation in aforementioned context, a survey of 495 building layout plans from ten major housing estates in Hong Kong is conducted. The floor plans are analysed against the Open Building characteristics and criteria laid down by Tiuri (1998). Facts and obstacles of achieving Open Building in the territory are unearthed, and opportunities for implementation are then discussed.

The layout and structure of the surveyed private residential buildings in Hong Kong are very much alike. They are in fact closed buildings without the capacity to adapt, so any change in user requirements cannot be accommodated easily. Implementing Open Building using flexible and green fittings remains a viable option that enables transformation in existing housing stock.