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Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.

This paper aims to propose a method to create 3-D finite element meshes automatically using the Delaunay tetrahedralization with the weighted node density technique. Using this method, the adaptive finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out for the calculation of the magnetic field of an eddy current verification model to clarify the usefulness of the method. Moreover, the error evaluation function for the adaptive FEA was also discussed.

The method to create the 3-D finite element meshes using the Delaunay tetrahedralization is realized by the weighted node density technique, and Zienkiewicz-Zhu’s error estimator is used as the error evaluation function of the adaptive FEA.

The magnetic flux density vectors on the node in the error evaluation function for the adaptive FEA should be calculated with the weighted average by the reciprocal of the volume of elements.

This paper describes the method to create 3-D finite element meshes and the comparison among calculation methods of the magnetic flux density vectors on the node for the error estimator.

The purpose of this paper is to report a research which is carried out to examine the possibility of applying finite element analysis (FEA) and computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) concepts in a typical organisational environment to acquire the characteristics of agile manufacturing (AM).

One of the components of a model of electronic switch manufactured by a company was chosen as the candidate of this research. Five new models of this component incorporated with agile characteristics were developed in electronic environment using Moldflow Plastics Insight software.

The experiences of conducting this research being reported in this paper indicate the possibility of adopting FEA‐integrated CAD/CAM concept for achieving agility. However, certain hindrances have to be overcome to pursue deeper journey by the contemporary organisations in this direction.

This research is conducted on one component of a product manufactured by a company. The typical scenario prevailing in the company is similar that is seen in many companies situated in other parts of the worlds. Hence, the contributions of this research, particularly the roadmap would be useful for adopting FEA and CAD/CAM concepts to achieve agility in contemporary organisations.

The research reported in this paper has shown the way of focusing FEA‐integrated CAD/CAM utilities towards enhancing AM capabilities of contemporary organisations.

The literature survey conducted in the beginning of this research indicated that deeper research in the direction of applying FEA‐integrated CAD/CAM concept for acquiring agile characteristics is yet to start. Hence, the research reported in this paper is original and valuable.

This research was aimed at investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems by using 3-D heat transfer FE models of existing LSF wall system configurations.

This research was focused on investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems by using 3-D heat transfer finite element models of existing LSF wall system configurations. The analysis results were validated by using the available fire test results of five different LSF wall configurations.

The validated finite element models were used to conduct a parametric study on a range of non-load bearing and load bearing LSF wall configurations to predict their fire resistance levels (FRLs) for varying load ratios.

Fire performance of LSF wall systems with different configurations can be understood by performing full-scale fire tests. However, these full-scale fire tests are time consuming, labour intensive and expensive. On the other hand, finite element analysis (FEA) provides a simple method of investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems to understand their thermal-mechanical behaviour. Recent numerical research studies have focused on investigating the fire performances of LSF wall systems by using finite element (FE) models. Most of these FE models were developed based on 2-D FE platform capable of performing either heat transfer or structural analysis separately. Therefore, this paper presents the details of a 3-D FEA methodology to develop the capabilities to perform fully-coupled thermal-mechanical analyses of LSF walls exposed to fire in future.

Since the use of advanced finite element analysis (FEA) in the design of steel structures has been increasing its popularity in order to avoid unsafe or highly conservative designs, a solid know-how in computer-aided design (CAD) and engineering (CAE) codes is necessary. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive review of useful guidelines concerning modelling, simulation and result validation for the accurate performance of those analyses.

Such guidelines are obtained from international steel design codes like Eurocode 3 and DNV, publications from experienced CAE engineers and renowned FE software companies like Ansys and Altair. Topics like mesh independence, the effect of the load sequence on the load bearing capacity and steel fracture criteria are underlined.

Since the use of advanced FEA in the design of steel structures is becoming more and more traditional due to the increase of its competitiveness when compared to the use of (very) conservative design rules, a solid know-how in CAD and CAE codes is necessary.

This work will be quite useful for structural steel stress engineers, contributing for a safer use of FEA in research and design.

This work will be quite useful for structural steel stress engineers, contributing for a safer use of FEA in research and design.

The paper aims to propose a a field-circuit method for investigating the magnetic behavior of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) for the charge of batteries of electric vehicles. In particular, a 3D model for finite element analysis (FEA) for the field simulation of a WPTS is developed. Specifically, the effects of aluminum shield and steel layer, representing the car frame, on the self and mutual inductances are investigated. An equivalent electric circuit is then built, and the relevant lumped parameters are identified by means of the FEAs.

The finite element model is used to evaluate self and mutual inductances in several transmitting-receiving coil configurations and relative positions. In particular, the FEA simulates the aluminum and steel layers as shell elements in a 3D domain. The self and mutual inductance values in the aligned coil case are also used as input parameters in a circuit model to evaluate the onload current.

The use of shell elements in FEA substantially reduces the number of mesh elements needed to simulate the eddy currents in the steel and aluminum layer, so putting the ground for low-cost field analysis. Moreover, the FEA gives an accurate computation of the self and mutual inductance to be used in a circuit model, which, in turn, provides a fast update of the onload induced current.

To save computational time, the use of 2D shell elements to model thin conductive regions introduces a simplified FEA that could be used in the WPTS simulation. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of WPTS, i.e. the operation when the receiving coil is moving with respect to the transmitting one, is considered. Because of the lumped parameters’ dependence upon the relative positions of the two coils, the proposed method allows identifying the circuit parameters for several configurations so substantially reducing the computational burden.

Finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out utilizing the ANSYS software package to assess the failure of thick and thin‐walled steel cylindrical pressure vessels. A simple experimental stress analysis (ESA) procedure is described to evaluate the stress components on inner and outer surfaces of the vessels under internal pressure from the measured surface strains. The procedure is validated considering the strain values of FEA for the applied pressure as measured quantities and obtained the corresponding stress components considering the stress‐strain data of the material from ESA and compared with those of FEA results. Failure pressure estimates from FEA (based on the global plastic deformation) were found to be in good agreement with test results of thin as well as thick‐walled cylindrical vessels made of ductile steel materials.

This paper proposes a simplified two‐dimensional representation of the unit cell of the fabric that involves three bodies in contact.

The fabrics are not simple homogenous structures. They have a discrete structural character and this is essential for their complex mechanical behaviour. Low stress micro‐mechanics is mainly used for the prediction of the fabric hand. Modelling of the fabric microstructure is a powerful tool for the in‐depth study of their performance. Based on the geometrical models of the fabrics, finite element analysis (FEA) is a very useful method for the mechanical analysis of their complex shape structures. Especially FEA can be applied on a system of bodies in contact by taking into account the interactions between the individual bodies. The parametric FEA analysis of the unit cell of the fabric provides interesting results about its mechanical behaviour.

The present work states that the use of the finite element method is a friendly and convenient method for an in‐depth study of the contact phenomena, which are dominating on the total mechanical behaviour of the fabrics.

This paper provides a simplified two‐dimensional representation of a unit cell of a fabric that involves three bodies in contact. The parametric FEA analysis of the unit cell of the fabric provides interesting results.

A simplified general purpose analytical finite element model has been developed to analyze the thermal performance of a continuous flow polymerase chain reaction (CPCR) microdevice. The corresponding governing differential equations along with the appropriate boundary conditions have been solved using a self‐developed code in Matlab®. Results obtained from the finite element simulations have been validated with available published results and also showed good agreement with those obtained from commercial FEA package, ANSYS®. The present methodology has an added advantage due to its flexibility where the unit cell of the finite element model can be arranged into different orientation for analyses of different CPCR microdevice configuration. In microchannel heat sinks, the results obtained agree well with the published result which demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of present methodology to be used for various applications.

The purpose of this paper is the presentation of an electrical equivalent circuit for inductive components as well as the methodology for electrical parameter extraction by using a 3 D finite element analysis (FEA) tool.

A parameter extraction based on energies has been modified for three dimensions. Some simplifications are needed in a real model to make the 3 D finite element method (FEM) analysis operative for design engineers. Material properties for the components are modified at the pre-modeling step and a corrector factor is used at the post-modeling step to achieve the desired accuracy.

The current hardware computational limitations do not allow the 3 D FEA for every magnetic component, and due to the component asymmetries, the 2 D analysis are not precise enough. The application of the new methodology for three dimensions to several actual components has shown its usefulness and accuracy. Details concerning model parameters extration are presented with simulation and measurement results at different operation frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 GHz being the range of switching frequencies used by power electronic converters based on Si, SiC or GaN semiconductors.

This new model includes the high-frequency effects (skin effect, proximity effect, interleaving and core gap) and other effects can be only analyzed in 3 D analysis for non-symmetric components. The electrical parameters like resistance and inductance (self and mutual ones) are frequency-dependent; thus, the model represents the frequency behavior of windings in detail. These parameters determine the efficiency for the inductive component and operation capabilities for the power converters (as in the voltage boost factor), which define their success on the market.

The user can develop 3 D finite element method (FEM)-based analyses with geometrical simplifications, reducing the CPU time and extracting electrical parameters. The corrector factor presented in this paper allows obtaining the electrical parameters when 3D FE simulation would have developed without any geometry simplications. The contribution permits that the simulations do not need a high computational resource, and the simulation times are reduced drastically. Also, the reduced CPU time needed per simulation gives a potential tool to optimize the non-symmetric components with 3 D FEM analysis.