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Article
Publication date: 16 March 2022

Veeramani Rajasekar, Paramasivan Karthickumar, Ashokkumar Hozen Richhie Rose, Nagarajan Manimmehalai and Dharmaraj Subhasri

The purpose of this study was carried out to explore the potential use of carrageenan extracted from marine red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) collected from Munaikadu, Mandapam…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was carried out to explore the potential use of carrageenan extracted from marine red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) collected from Munaikadu, Mandapam region, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu.

Design/methodology/approach

Biodegradable film was developed by using carrageenan extracted by using alcohol extraction method. To improve the mechanical properties of the film, rice starch was incorporated. The biodegradable films were made by phase inversion method with varied carrageenan concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2% (w/v) and rice starch with concentration of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% (w/v). Physical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties and other properties such as biodegradability, solubility and water vapor permeability of the developed biodegradable films were characterized. The results were analyzed in design expert software using Box–Behnken design.

Findings

Results show that the biodegradable film’s mechanical and water vapor permeability increases with an increase in carrageenan and rice starch concentration. The optimized film structure was obtained with carrageenan and rice starch composition of 1.5% and 2%, respectively.

Originality/value

The results shown a broad spectrum of commercial applications and future rice starch possibilities incorporated in the carrageenan-based biodegradable film.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 52 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 March 2022

T. Thendral Thiyaku

The purpose of this study is to develop active package films using clove essential oil (CEO) and biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with varying weight…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop active package films using clove essential oil (CEO) and biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with varying weight percentages of SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2NPs), as well as to investigate the mechanical, barrier, thermal, optical, surface hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties of PBAT incorporated with CEO as a natural plasticizer and SiO2NPs as a nanofiller.

Design/methodology/approach

PBAT-based bio-composites films were fabricated with different weight percentage of CEO (5% and 10%) and nanosilica (1% and 3%) by solution casting method. The packaging performance was investigated using universal testing machine, spectrophotometer, contact angle goniometer, oxygen and water vapour permeability tester. The antibacterial properties of PBAT-based nanocomposite and composite films were investigated using the ISO 22196 by zone of inhibition method.

Findings

The mechanical results exhibited that the addition of 10 Wt.% of CEO into PBAT increases the percentage of elongation, whereas, the addition of 3 Wt.% of SiO2NPs increases the tensile strength of the composite film. The presence of CEO in PBAT exhibits a good barrier against water permeability and SiO2NPs in the PBAT matrix help to reduce the opacity and hydrophobicity. The antimicrobial and thermal results revealed that the inclusion of 10 Wt.% of CEO and 3 Wt.% of SiO2NPs into PBAT polymer improved antimicrobial and thermal resistance properties.

Originality/value

A new PBAT-based active packaging film developed using natural plasticizers CEO and nanofiller SiO2 with a wide range of applications in the active food packaging applications. Moreover, they have good surface hydrophobicity, thermal stability, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 52 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 November 2022

Laiming Yu, Yaqin Fu and Yubing Dong

The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermomechanical condition on the shape memory property of Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). PBAT is a widely…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermomechanical condition on the shape memory property of Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). PBAT is a widely researched and rapidly developed biodegradable copolyester. In a tensile test, we found that the fractured PBAT samples had a heat-driven shape memory effect which piqued our interest, and it will lay a foundation for the application of PBAT in new fields (such as heat shrinkable film).

Design/methodology/approach

The shape memory effect of PBAT and the effect of the thermomechanical condition on its shape memory property were confirmed and systematically investigated by a thermal mechanical analyzer and tensile machine.

Findings

The results showed that the PBAT film had broad shape memory transform temperature and exhibited excellent thermomechanical stability and shape memory properties. The shape memory fixity ratio (Rf) of the PBAT films was increased with the prestrain temperature and prestrain, where the highest Rf exceeded 90%. The shape memory recovery ratio (Rr) of the PBAT films was increased with the shape memory recovery temperature and decreased with the prestrain value, and the highest Rr was almost 100%. Moreover, the PBAT films had high shape memory recovery stress which increased with the prestrain value and decreased with the prestrain temperature, and the highest shape memory recovery stress can reach 7.73 MPa.

Research limitations/implications

The results showed that PBAT had a broad shape memory transform temperature, exhibited excellent thermomechanical stability and shape memory performance, especially for the sample programmed at high temperature and had a larger prestrian, which will provide a reference for the design, processing and application of PBAT-based heat shrinkable film and smart materials.

Originality/value

This study confirmed and systematically investigated the shape memory effect of PBAT and the effect of the thermomechanical condition on the shape memory property of PBAT.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 53 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 February 2024

Bassem Assfour, Bassam Abdallah, Hour Krajian, Mahmoud Kakhia, Karam Masloub and Walaa Zetoune

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural, surface roughness and corrosion properties of the zirconium oxide thin films deposited onto SS304 substrates using the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural, surface roughness and corrosion properties of the zirconium oxide thin films deposited onto SS304 substrates using the direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique.

Design/methodology/approach

DC sputtering at different powers – 80, 100 and 120 W – was used to deposit ZrO2 thin films onto different substrates (Si/SS304) without annealing of the substrate. Atomic force microscope (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Tafel extrapolation and contact angle techniques were applied to investigate the surface roughness, chemical compositions, corrosion behavior and hydrophobicity of these films.

Findings

Results showed that the thickness of the deposited film increased with power increase, while the corrosion current decreased with power increase. AFM images indicated that the surface roughness decreased with an increase in DC power. EDS analysis showed that the thin film has a stoichiometric ZrO2 (Zr:O 1:2) composition with basic uniformity. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophobicity of the synthesized films decreased with an increase in surface roughness.

Originality/value

DC magnetron sputtering technique is infrequently used to deposition thin films. The obtained thin films showed good hydrophobic and anticorrosion properties. Finally, results are compared with other deposition techniques.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 May 2023

Bassam Abdallah, Mahmoud Kakhia, Karam Masloub and Walaa Zetoune

Niobium Nitride (NbN) was interesting material for its applications in the medicinal tools or tools field (corresponding to saline serum media) as well as in mechanical…

40

Abstract

Purpose

Niobium Nitride (NbN) was interesting material for its applications in the medicinal tools or tools field (corresponding to saline serum media) as well as in mechanical properties. The aim of this work was depositing NbN thin films on two types of substrates (stainless steel (SS304) and silicon (100)) using plasma technique at varied powers (100–150 W).

Design/methodology/approach

DC magnetron sputtering technique at different powers were used to synthesis NbN films. Film structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Rutherford elastic backscattering and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the deposited film composition. The films morphology was studied via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Corrosion resistance of the three NbN/SS304 films was studied in 0.9% NaCl environment (physiological standard saline).

Findings

All properties could be controlled by the modification of DC power, where the crystallinity of samples was changed and consequently the corrosion and microhardness were modified, which correlated with the power. NbN film deposited at higher power (150 W) has shown better corrosion resistance (0.9% NaCl), which had smaller grain size (smoother) and was thicker.

Originality/value

The NbN films have a preferred orientation (111) matching to cubic structure phase. Corrosion resistance was enhanced for the NbN films compared to SS304 substrates (noncoating). Therefore, NbN films deposited on SS304 substrate could be applied as medicinal tools as well as in mechanical fields.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 August 2022

Wenjun Wang, Luting Shen, Yinsong Si, Islam MD Zahidul, Azim Abdullaev and Yubing Dong

Sodium alginate (Na-Alg) is a natural polysaccharide with a rich and renewable production that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and daily necessities industries, among…

Abstract

Purpose

Sodium alginate (Na-Alg) is a natural polysaccharide with a rich and renewable production that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and daily necessities industries, among other fields. The purpose of this study is to obtain a green and degradable shape memory material, calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) film was prepared and the mechanical properties, the shape memory effect of the film were investigated and confirmed.

Design/methodology/approach

The Ca-Alg films were prepared by Na-Alg, calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, and flow extension method. Dissolve sodium alginate powder, remove bubbles, pour into petri dish, dry at 60°C, add calcium chloride solution cross-linking and finally dry naturally. The effect of CaCl2 solution concentration on the mechanical properties of the films were investigated and discussed by universal tensile tester. The shape memory behavior and degradation performance of thin films were verified and studied by the fold-deploy shape memory test and soil embedding method, respectively.

Findings

The Ca-Alg films exhibited good mechanical and shape memory properties, with a 72.2% shape memory fixity ratio and a 92.3% shape memory recovery ratio, respectively. For a period of 120 days, the film treated with a 6 wt% CaCl2 solution degraded at a rate of approximately 53%.

Research limitations/implications

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) as intelligent materials are an important research direction for the development of modern high-tech materials. On the other hand, plastic pollution is a major problem today; as a result, preparing green degradable SMPs is essential.

Originality/value

This study synthesized transparent and degradable shape memory Ca-Alg films using Na-Alg and CaCl2 solution and the flow extension method.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 53 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 August 2022

Jianqing Hu, Hongjun He, Feiliang Dai, Xingyu Gong and Haowei Huang

The purpose of this paper is to develop the efficiency of styrene-acrylate (SA) emulsions for polymer cement waterproof coatings with improved bacteria resistance and mechanical…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop the efficiency of styrene-acrylate (SA) emulsions for polymer cement waterproof coatings with improved bacteria resistance and mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

For effective bacteria resistance and excellent mechanical properties, various concentrations of methacryloxyethylhexadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (MHDB) were synthesised and incorporated into SA emulsions. The properties of SA emulsions modified with MHDB were characterised and compared with those of unmodified ones according to the formulations of polymer cement waterproof coatings.

Findings

The SA emulsions modified with MHDB exhibited significant enhancement of bacteria resistance and mechanical properties over the unmodified ones. The positive quaternary nitrogen and long-chain alkyl groups of MHDB in SA emulsions could attract phospholipid head groups of bacterial and insert them into the cell wall, which results in biomass leak and bactericidal effect. Moreover, MHDB as a softened monomer was beneficial to the synthesis of SA copolymer with low glass-transition temperature (Tg), then the copolymer and cement would form a more compact film which was the main reason for the enhancement of mechanical properties.

Research limitations/implications

The modifier MHDB was synthesised from diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAM) and 1-bromohexadecane. Besides, the congeners of MHDB could be synthesised from DEAM and 1-bromododecane, 1-tetradecyl dromide, 1-octadecyl bromide, etc. In addition, the efficiency of other modifications into SA emulsions for antibacterial polymer cement waterproof coatings could be studied as well.

Practical implications

The method provided a practical solution for the improvement of water-based antibacterial acrylate polymer cement waterproof coatings.

Originality/value

The method for enhancing bacteria resistance and mechanical properties of the waterproof coating was novel and valuable.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 53 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 November 2023

Xiao Xu and Yimin Zhang

This study aims to form composite solid lubricant coatings on the surface of bearing steel, which can significantly improve the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to form composite solid lubricant coatings on the surface of bearing steel, which can significantly improve the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical roller bearings (TCRBs). Phosphating films possess microscopic porosity that typically needs to be sealed with oil, grease or wax. Due to its unique crystal structure, the phosphating film itself also exhibits a certain degree of lubricity. In this study, solid lubricants are used to fill the pores of the phosphating film. By combining the phosphating film with solid lubricants, lubrication and wear reduction can be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the surfaces of the shaft washer (WS) and seat washer (GS) were treated with zinc-phosphating. Subsequently, a solid lubricant solution (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], MoS2 and graphite) was sprayed onto the phosphated samples at concentrations of 1 , 2  and 3 g/L. The porous and adsorptive nature of the phosphating film was used to embed the solid lubricant particles into the film, thus forming a composite lubrication layer containing solid lubricants on the surface of the bearing steel.

Findings

The addition of solid lubricant materials has shown significant potential in reducing wear losses compared with phosphated samples without such additives. Increasing the amount of solid lubricant added can facilitate the formation of a transfer film, which further enhances the protective properties. However, it is important to note that excessive amounts of solid lubricant material can contribute to seizure, leading to increased wear losses of the cage and a higher average coefficient of friction (ACOF).By spraying a PTFE solution with a concentration of 2 g/L, the lowest ACOF and cage wear loss were achieved, resulting in reductions of 60.5% for the ACOF and 89.4% for the cage wear loss. Similarly, when spraying a graphite solution with a concentration of 3 g/L, the lowest wear losses for GS and WS were observed, with reductions of 51.7% for GS wear loss and 38.9% for WS wear loss.

Originality/value

The combination of the phosphating film and solid lubricants aims to achieve lubrication and wear reduction, providing a new approach to wear-resistant technology for TCRBs.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0231/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 75 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 May 2023

Qiang Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Da Quan Zhang, Hongai Zheng and Lixin Gao

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of vapor assembly sequence and assembly temperature on the corrosion protection of the complex silane films Al alloy. The…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of vapor assembly sequence and assembly temperature on the corrosion protection of the complex silane films Al alloy. The performance and application range of silane films are enhanced.

Design/methodology/approach

The complex silane films were successfully prepared on the surface of aluminum alloy using via vapor phase assembly of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and dodecyltrimethoxysilanes (DTMS). The protection of the assembly films against corrosion of Al alloy is investigated by the electrochemical measurements and the alkaline solution accelerated corrosion test. Thickness and hydrophobicity of the complex films are studied using ellipsometric spectroscopy and contact angle tests.

Findings

It shows that the anti-corrosion ability of the complex films is overall superior to that of the single-component assembled films. DTMS-BTA films have larger thickness and best anti-corrosion ability. The alkyl chains in DTMS have better compatibility with BTA molecules. The rigid BTA molecule can permeate into the long alkyl chain of DTMS as fillers and improve the barrier properties of the complex films.

Originality/value

In this paper, a green and efficient method of vapor phase assembly is proposed to rust prevention during manufacture of Al alloy workpiece.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 70 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 December 2023

Hairui Jiang, Jianjun Guan, Yan Zhao, Yanhong Yang and Jinglong Qu

The purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion resistance of superalloys subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). The passive film growth on the superalloys’…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion resistance of superalloys subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). The passive film growth on the superalloys’ surface is analyzed to illustrate the corrosion mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

Electrochemical tests were used to investigated the corrosion resistance of GH4738 superalloys with different UIT densities. The microstructure was compared before and after the corrosion tests. The passive film characterization was described by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests.

Findings

The compressive residual stress and corrosion resistance of the specimens significantly increased after UIT. The order of corrosion resistance is related to the UIT densities, i.e. 1.96 s/mm2 > 1.71 s/mm2 > 0.98 s/mm2 > as-cast. The predominant constituents of the passive films are TiO2, Cr2O3, MoO3 and NiO. The passive film on the specimen with 1.96 s/mm2 UIT density has the highest volume fraction of Cr2O3 and MoO3, which is the main reason for its superior corrosion resistance.

Originality/value

This study provides quantitative corrosion data for GH4738 superalloys treated by ultrasonic impact. The corrosion mechanism is explained by the passive film’s characterization.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 71 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

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