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Over the years, the impact of Nollywood on the promotion and development of Nigerian culture has cut across geographical boundaries. In terms of film production quality, the industry has made significant progress, even though there remains great room for improvement. In recent times, output from the industry gained global recognition, with films such as Lion Heart, King of Boys and Chief Daddy, to mention a few, attaining great landmarks in the film world in 2019. A significant feature in the Nigerian film industry is the wealth of diversity which reflects the true Nigerian nation. The involvement of Igbo indigenes in the Nollywood industry has helped put the Nollywood ideology into the consciousness of Nigerians and the world. Therefore, this chapter examines the relevance of the Igbo traditional business model in sustaining the dominance of Igbos in the distribution network of films in the Nigerian film industry, also known as Nollywood.

The purpose of this paper is to describe an inverse approach to estimate the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure‐viscosity index (z) in a thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) line contact.

Once the film thickness is given, the pressure distribution can be calculated using the inverse approach. Subsequently, thermal expansivity and temperature‐viscosity coefficient of lubricant are given, and then the z is guessed initially. The Gauss‐Seidel iteration is employed to calculate the temperature distribution from the rheology, energy, and surface temperature equations. In order to increase the algorithm stability, the least‐squares method must be employed to calculate the optimum value of the z in the computational domain. Furthermore, the pressure‐viscosity index must be updated by the iteration method to calculate accurate temperature distribution and apparent viscosity until convergence.

This approach presents a smooth curve of the pressure and temperature distributions with the measurement error from the resolution in the film thickness measurement and z value. Furthermore, this approach still provides a superior solution in apparent viscosity, whereas the direct method provides a much larger error in apparent viscosity.

The paper describes an inverse approach to estimate the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure‐viscosity index in a TEHL line contact. This approach overcomes the problems of pressure and temperature rise fluctuations and generates accurate results of pressure and temperature distribution from a small number of measured points of film thickness, which also saves computing time. Furthermore, this approach still provides a superior solution in apparent viscosity.

This paper aims to examine the strategic issues of risk for independent theatrical film distributors in the Hindi film industry in India.

The study adopted qualitative grounded theory approach to explore contextually relevant strategic issues of risk for independent theatrical film distributors. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with Hindi film distributors helped to gain explorative insights about the risk behaviour of film distributors operating in Mumbai “circuit”.

The findings suggest that risk faced by distributors is a function of product (film content) features, contractual terms, resources such as finance and strength of strategic alliances with the producers. The study develops a business risk model for the film distributors from a series of propositions.

The paper contributes to the literature on motion picture industry by highlighting the importance of distribution risk in the film value chain.

Audiovisual works – especially cinematographic works – are at the heart of the changes resulting from the development of the information society. Media convergence radically changed the way traditional audiovisual content is produced, distributed, consumed and eventually archived. Film producers slowly started to experiment with new ways of digital production such as the shortening of release windows to favor new on demand services. How does this translate to European film policy? Due to the unique double nature of cinematographic works which are both economic and cultural goods at the same time, the European film policy is at the crossing point of media, culture, competition and heritage. This paper seeks to address these issues.

In this research paper the authors assessed to what extent the adoption of digital technologies is stimulated throughout the value chain of film making and more precisely to what degree the distribution of a European culturally diverse catalogue of films is encouraged.

For the first time in history, European producers have the tools at their disposal to collaborate, promote and distribute internationally, at lower transaction costs and at a higher speed, and to look beyond their national market. The fast‐evolving technological developments provided the European legislator with the opportunity to strengthen and support the promotion of the European cultural identity in all its diversity. But is this also reflected in the current legislative framework? It is clear that different hurdles still need to be tackled.

In this research paper an overview is given of the regulatory steps that have been taken so far in the field of European film policy to stimulate the digital production and distribution of European film productions. In the context of new unfolding alliances between stakeholders and experiments with premium video‐on‐demand or shorter cinema release windows, the relevance of digital production and distribution schemes can no longer be neglected. The emergence of web‐based services including cloud computing is likely to accelerate this trend.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the tribological performance of the textured rolling bearing.

In the present study, the oil film pressure distribution and load capacity analysis method are established, which integrate the micro-texture model and Hydrodynamic lubrication (HL) methods. The tribological performances of the textured rolling bearing under the various working condition, texture dimension and texture type are investigated systematically.

The results show that the oil film load capacity increases with the increase in the texture size. As the texture depth increases, the oil film load capacity increases first and then decreases, and then the load capacity is the largest at the texture depth range of 3 to 5 µm. In addition, the oil film load capacity of the matching pairs, such as Si4N3-Si4N3, GCr15- Si4N3 and GCr15-GCr15 are compared; the results show that the cases of using ceramic material can improve oil film load capacity of textured rolling bearing.

The current manuscript can be useful for supporting the reliability and life research of textured rolling bearing.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2020-0055

This paper aims to analyse the risk and return trade‐off in the film industry, and to explain the managerial decisions justifying significant investments in such a risky and uncertain sector.

An extensive dataset of movies released in US theatres over a period of 12 years along with descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and scatter plot methodology are used.

The findings highlight: a positive relationship, although with high levels of variance, between production budgets and revenues; and a random association between costs and rates of return.

Differently from other commodities, whose demand can be quite accurately estimated, the success of a new film production is extremely uncertain. Therefore, the reason why major film companies have been successful over the last decades, in spite of the extreme variance that is characteristic of the industry, must be found in the management decision approach that they employ to deal with this uncertainty.

The paper uses statistical evidence to draw management implications, rather than only identifying the economic and financial behaviour of the firms running the film industry, in recognising that correct management decision approaches are behind the success of such an uncertain and volatile industry.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the pure squeeze thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TFEHL) motion of circular contacts with adsorption layers attached to each surface under constant load condition. The proposed model can reasonably calculate the pressure distributions, film thicknesses, normal squeeze velocities, and effective viscosities during the pure squeeze process under thin film lubrication.

The transient modified Reynolds equation is derived in polar coordinates using viscous adsorption theory. The finite difference method and the Gauss‐Seidel iteration method are used to solve the transient modified Reynolds equation, the elasticity deformation equation, load balance equation, and lubricant rheology equations simultaneously.

The simulation results reveal that the thickness of the adsorption layer and the viscosity ratio significantly influence the lubrication characteristics of the contact conjunction in the thin film regime. In additional, the turning points in the film thickness which distinguish thin film lubrication from elastohydrodynamic lubrication curve is found. In thin film region, the effective viscosity predicted by present model is better than that predicted by traditional elastohydrodynamic theory.

The paper develops a numerical method for general applications with adsorption layers attached to each surface to investigate the pure squeeze action in a TFEHL spherical conjunction under constant load condition.

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the mechanical performance of multi-layer films. With the wide application of optic and electronic thin-films, membrane materials and membrane technology have become one of the most active fields of research in contemporary materials science (Dumont et al., 1997). Multi-layer films have evolved as candidates for these applications because of their unique properties. TiN and Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using the DC magnetron sputtering method. A nano-indentation tester and electronic film distribution tester were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties and residual stress of the films. The existence of interface effects on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films were analyzed.

In this study, the Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using the DC magnetron sputtering method. The films were deposited on polished 45# steels. Ti was used as the sputtering target. Ar and N₂ were applied as working and reactive gases, respectively. Surface morphology was measured using transmission electron microscopy. The composition was analyzed using D8 X-ray diffraction. Nano-indentation tests were performed using Nanoindenter G200 with a Berkovich indenter. A BGS 6341 electronic film stress distribution tester was used to measure the distribution of stress in the films.

The film surface was very smooth and the structure was very dense. The elastic modulus and micro-hardness of Ti/TiN multi-layer films were smaller, compared to those of the TiN film. Furthermore, both of these parameters initially decreased and later increased, with a decrease in the modulation period. The residual stress in the film was compressive. The corrosion resistance properties of TiN films were the best in NaCl solution, less so in alkaline solution and worst in acid solution. For the Ti/TiN multi-layer films tested in an acid medium, the corrosion resistance performance was better when the modulation period was decreased to micron grade under exposure conditions at ambient temperature.

In the present paper, the Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using PVD with different variations, and the influence on the performance of Ti/TiN multi-layer films due to each single layer period of TiN was studied. The findings should provide useful guidelines for the preparation of high quality Ti/TiN multi-layer thin films.

This paper aims to improve the grease thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) properties of the tripod sliding universal coupling (TSUC) under automotive practical conditions. For this purpose, the effect of effective radius was theoretically investigated.

Based on the simplified geometric model, the effect of effective radius on the pressure distribution, film thickness and temperature distribution of the TSUC was theoretically investigated using the multigrid and stepping methods. The TEHL properties were compared with the results obtained using the isothermal calculation method.

The results show that the thermal effect has a great impact on the film thickness and the pressure distribution of grease lubrication properties. Moreover, larger effective radius results in a wider but lower pressure distribution, a wider and thicker lubricating film and a lower temperature distribution.

The TSUC can be widely used in the front drive automotive transmission because it can transmit larger torque than before. The effect of effective radius on the thermal grease lubrication properties under automotive practical conditions provides a new direction for designing it.