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The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the factors playing a role in the engagement of end-users to participate in Living Lab field trials.

Multiple case study analysis of three Living Lab cases in which field trials were organized.

Based on academic literature on field trials, user engagement and the technology acceptance model, the authors argue that several factors play a role in the participation of users in field trials. An influential factor that emerged is the functional maturity of the innovation, the extent to which a prototype resembles the functionalities and the processes of the final, go-to-market product at the moment of the field trial. Within this exploratory paper, we propose the “user engagement model for field trials” to explain the factors that play a role in the engagement of end-users in field trials.

The methodological limitations of a case study design make it difficult to extrapolate the findings toward a larger sample. Therefore, this paper focuses on making an in-depth analysis rather than making general claims. However, the insights regarding user engagement for participation pave the way for future validation on a larger scale and suggest future research directions.

The findings of this paper suggest that Living Lab field trials should carefully take into account the (perceived) functional maturity of the innovation and the specific characteristics of the innovation when engaging end-users for field trials. Interaction and trust between the test-users and the other stakeholders is of great importance for the active engagement of test-users during field trials.

This exploratory paper adds to a general understanding of end-user involvement in innovation development processes and suggests guidelines to engage end-users to participate in field trials. In addition, it introduces the concept of functional maturity of innovations and the user-engagement model for field trials.

The purpose of this study was to determine correlation between an accelerated cyclic corrosion test (S6‐cycle test) specified in Japanese Industrial Standards K5621 and field exposure tests, and to open up applications of the accelerated tests in various regional environments.

The S6‐cycle corrosion test was carried out on structural steels for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days and metal coating films for 100, 200 and 300 days. Comparing the weight loss of the steels with 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 9‐year field exposure test data at 31 sites in Japan. Correlation of the S6‐cycle tests to the field exposure tests was determined by acceleration coefficients.

The correlation between the S6‐cycle test and the field test on uncoated structural steels can be determined by acceleration coefficients based on flying salt amount. The coefficients were applicable for durability prediction of uncoated, zinc hot‐dip galvanized and painted steels.

In determination of the accelerated coefficients, only the flying salt amount was considered. Others factors such as temperature and humidity will be considered in future work.

Using the S6‐cycle corrosion test and its accelerated coefficients, the thickness loss of uncoated structural steels and zinc hot‐dip galvanizing is predictable in a short time. Corrosion degradation of coated steels is also predictable approximately.

This paper contributes to open up the application of accelerated cyclic corrosion test to evaluating corrosion resistance of steel bridge members.

This study proposes targeted modernization of the Department of Defense (DoD's) Joint Forces Ammunition Logistics information system by implementing the optimized innovative information technology open architecture design and integrating Radio Frequency Identification Device data technologies and real-time optimization and control mechanisms as the critical technology components of the solution. The innovative information technology, which pursues the focused logistics, will be deployed in 36 months at the estimated cost of $568 million in constant dollars. We estimate that the Systems, Applications, Products (SAP)-based enterprise integration solution that the Army currently pursues will cost another $1.5 billion through the year 2014; however, it is unlikely to deliver the intended technical capabilities.

Using a quasi‐experimental design methodology, this paper reports the results from a controlled field evaluation of the ShotSpotter gunshot location technology in Redwood City, California. Results from this field test indicate that overall, the ShotSpotter system was able to annunciate (detect) gunshots in 81 percent of the field trial events (N = 25 of 31 shooting events) and triangulate (locate) gunshots in 84 percent of the field trial events (N = 26 of 31 shooting events) within an average margin of error of 41ft. We conclude this paper with a discussion of the policy implications associated with using gunshot detection technology as a problem‐solving tool to detect, reduce and prevent incidences of random gunfire.

Piles often carry combination of axial and lateral. Currently, piles are designed separately for axial and lateral load. In the literature, few information is available on the influence of axial load on lateral behaviour of the pile. This paper aims to present the results of load deformation of a pile under pure lateral load and combined axial and lateral load.

The field load tests were carried out on four different pile diameters at two different bridge sites. Moreover, the paper addresses the numerical simulation of filed load test carried out on the pile under the combination of axial and horizontal load.

After field load tests and numerical simulation, it was found that the vertical load had a remarkable effect on the lateral load response of a pile. The lateral deflection of the pile was decreased about 25% under the effect of vertical load. In addition to this, the results from field and numerical simulation are quite comparable.

Typical field load tests were simulated numerically. This research adds a value in the areas of pile foundation subjected to vertical and lateral load particularly for structure such as transmission line tower and jetty.

The purpose of this study was to select an atmospheric corrosion evaluation methodology and to establish a range of relative corrosion penetration and/or progress values, which could be used as reference in the selection of materials for the civil construction industry.

Salt spray, field tests, accelerated cyclic tests and accelerated field tests were used to evaluate atmospheric corrosion resistance of civil construction materials. The cyclic accelerated test and the field test with saline solution spray were found to be appropriate for atmospheric corrosion resistance evaluation.

The corrosion resistance of aluminium killed mild steel, aluminium killed copper added steel, and electrogalvanized steels, all phosphatized and painted, were evaluated by field and accelerated corrosion tests. Of the materials studied, aluminium killed mild steel showed the least resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The use of aluminium killed copper added steel is recommended for material specification in the civil construction industry.

Salt sprays are not adequate to evaluate atmospheric corrosion resistance. There are other cyclic tests that could be tested in future work.

Brazilian technical standards, which specify the metallic materials used in the civil construction industry, will be changed in order to include the construction steel corrosion resistance evaluation methodology, which is proposed in this paper. As a result, the tendency of the construction materials lifetime is set to increase.

This paper contributes to the improvement of the Brazilian Technical Standard by the inclusion of an atmospheric corrosion resistance requirement.

Economic pressures are driving fleets to substantially increase their maintenance intervals. To meet this challenge, both the original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and the lubricant suppliers have developed new and better products to give users the benefits of extended service intervals while at the same time maintaining equipment life and reducing operating costs. This paper will examine the options available in formulating extended drain transmission and axle lubricants by comparing four products designed to meet the OEM extended service interval requirements. Bench test and field test data will be reviewed which show that by optimizing the base oil as well as the additive system, both synthetic as well as properly formulated mineral oil products can give excellent extended drain performance. With mounting economic pressures in the trucking industry, these new products will give maintenance personnel additional product choices as they move their fleets to extended drain transmission and axle lubricants in an effort to safely extend equipment life and reduce total maintenance costs.

The process of finding the ultimate grease is described in this report using an example from railway applications. This example includes steps such as a requirement list, field tests, laboratory tests and an evaluation method. The example deals with the problems discovered in a field test performed to determine the best grease for tapered roller bearings in railway wagon wheels and to increase the knowledge of grease lubrication. Seven different fully formulated commercial greases were examined in the wheel bearings of one ore wagon, used for transporting ore commercially by railway from the Kiruna Mine in northern Sweden to Narvik in northern Norway for shipping to foreign markets. The steps performed in this study are recommended in all problems associated with finding the optimal grease for different types of applications.