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21 – 30 of over 1000Fei-Jun Chen, Shi Yan and Zhen-Guo Yang
The purpose of this study is to address two kinds of printed circuit board (PCB) failures with electrolytic Ni/Au as the surface finish. One was the weak bondability of gold wires…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to address two kinds of printed circuit board (PCB) failures with electrolytic Ni/Au as the surface finish. One was the weak bondability of gold wires to Ni/Au pads and the other was “dull gold” and weak solder wettability, which both caused great loss for the PCB manufacturer.
Design/methodology/approach
The failure samples were studied and analyzed in terms of macro- and micro-morphology of the surface finish, its element composition and thickness by various characterization techniques, such as three-dimensional stereo microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrum.
Findings
Then the causes of the two failures were both found to be the inadequate thickness of gold deposit and other surface finish defects, but these causes played different roles in either failure or the mechanisms differ. Finally, their failure mechanisms were discussed and corresponding countermeasures were put forward for prevention.
Practical implications
This study not only addresses a practical failure problem but also provides some clues to a better and further understanding of the effect of PCB process and management on its quality and reliability in manufacturing practice.
Originality/value
It sheds light on how the thickness and quality of surface finish affects its wire bonding and soldering performances.
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The gender gap in the employment in industries differs based on the industries. Even if construction industry (CI) is a labor-intensive industry, women employment rate is…
Abstract
The gender gap in the employment in industries differs based on the industries. Even if construction industry (CI) is a labor-intensive industry, women employment rate is significantly low in the CI. CI is one of the significant labor-intensive industries having environmental footprint. As reduction in its environmental footprint can contribute to environmental sustainability, investments in CI and in reduction in its environmental footprint can have multiplier effect on the countries’ development as well as on the sustainable development (SD). Increase in the women employment in the CI can support achievement of sustainable development goals as it can support reduction in the gender gap in this industry. Furthermore, it can support sustainability performance of the CI as women have potential to prioritize sustainability criterion in their decision-making processes. Especially, women at the top management levels can foster their companies’ sustainability performance. Based on an in-depth literature review, this chapter investigates roles of empowerment of women and increasing women employment in supporting environmental sustainability and SD. This chapter identifies causes of the low employment rate of women in the CI. Furthermore, this chapter examines ways for empowering women and increasing their employment rate in the CI to support environmental sustainability and SD. Additionally, recommendations on future policies and strategies at the CI level to support reduction in the gender gap to enhance CI’s role in the environmental sustainability are provided. This chapter can be useful to policy-makers, researchers and professionals.
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Christine Horne, Chien-Fei Chen, Justin Berg and Katie Evermann-Druffel
Instrumental approaches to norms treat their enforcement as problematic and suggest that self-interested actors are unlikely to sanction. We suggest an alternative…
Abstract
Instrumental approaches to norms treat their enforcement as problematic and suggest that self-interested actors are unlikely to sanction. We suggest an alternative conceptualization of the norm enforcement problem. Research shows that social rewards can offset sanctioning costs, thereby encouraging enforcement. The issue then becomes how individuals determine what to sanction. We suggest that the typicality of behavior may provide a clue. We identify conditions under which atypical behavior may be punished. Consistent with existing instrumental approaches, we find that atypical behavior is sanctioned if it detracts from group welfare. We also find evidence pointing to the importance of a non-instrumental factor – perceptions of a behavior's social desirability.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of organizational knowledge on organizational performance.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of organizational knowledge on organizational performance.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 66 managerial cadre employees of firms in Nigeria’s telecommunications industry made up the population for this study. The research study is descriptive in nature and it adopted a qualitative research design. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings
The study revealed that organizational knowledge dimensions such as individual-tacit, individual-explicit, group-tacit and group-explicit knowledge are essential to achieving organizational objectives and higher levels of performance. However, it is obvious that telecommunication firms in Nigeria are still laid back in their efforts to become aware of specific knowledge management strategies, especially with the adoption of specific information technology facilities that could achieve this goal.
Originality/value
Although organizational knowledge has been argued as a vital means of enhancing organizational competitiveness, most discussions in existing literature have been limited by a technology-based perspective of organizational knowledge. As a result, human cognitive skills have largely been expunged in relation to organizational knowledge discourse. Based on a conceptualization of organizational knowledge from a perspective that combine people and technology, this research proposes four dimensions of organizational knowledge that can be linked to performance.
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Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects…
Abstract
Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.
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Youmin Xi, Xiaojun Zhang and Jing Ge
The purpose of this paper is to address several challenges faced by organizational management in the contemporary context, and how managers can better reply to management…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address several challenges faced by organizational management in the contemporary context, and how managers can better reply to management challenges by integrating oriental and occidental philosophy and wisdom.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper first describes the characteristics of the contemporary management context and identifies challenges that managers are likely to encounter. The paper then investigates how oriental and occidental philosophy and wisdom reply to these management challenges, whilst also considering the relative advantages and disadvantages of both traditions. Based on the complementarity of these two traditions, the paper finally proposes a framework that integrates both oriental and occidental wisdom by HeXie Management Theory to better respond to management challenges.
Findings
The contemporary organizational environment is characterized by four key salient components: complexity, change, ambiguity, and uncertainty (CCAU). Managers are challenged by problems of determining causality, managing holistically, and adaptation to rapid change. Western philosophical approaches to confronting management challenges arising from CCAU, inherent in the wider economic environment, emphasize standardization and rational design on the basis of science, law, and religion. Conversely, Oriental philosophical approaches to management challenges oppose such rigid systems in favour of flexibility and adaptability which emphasize harmony and morality. Essentially, whereas western thought intends to limit the occurrence of unpredicted events through the development of scientific systems, oriental thinking aims to provide a flexible and fluid system which absorbs the effects of CCAU, thus limiting and using its impact. These two perspectives both have their own advantages and disadvantages when facing management challenges in the context of CCAU. By integrating these two complementary approaches, the authors propose HeXie Management Theory (HXMT). HXMT establishes a clear vision and mission to direct the development of organizations; to organize an integrated management system through the HeXie Theme and HeXie Coupling, and to apply the component “He Principle” and “Xie Principle” as basic mechanisms to cope with management challenges.
Originality/value
This study contributes to research on relationships between organizations and environment by providing a holistic analysis, and adds knowledge about how to reply to management challenges by constructing ambidextrous organizations based on HeXie Management Theory.
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Xiangzhao Huang, Hu Wan and Hongtao Zhou
To take relative actions to cope with the threat which network finance information security now encounters by constructing controlling tactical and synergetic model.
Abstract
Purpose
To take relative actions to cope with the threat which network finance information security now encounters by constructing controlling tactical and synergetic model.
Design/methodology/approach
It is practical to use the synergetic self‐organization theory to calculate the effects that the force of synergetic system of controlling tactics to financial information security makes on network financial system, and it is also practical to construct the synergetic model of controlling tactics to network financial information security on the basis of it.
Findings
Through applying synergetic analysis to controlling tactical system of network financial information security, it can be found out that controlling tactical system is an open system which changes from disorder to order and which keeps away from a balancing state. As an opening system, controlling tactics are interacting with outside from now and then.
Research limitations/implications
Network financial information security takes on dynamics, relativity, integrity and complexity. Accessibility of data is the main limitations which model will be applied.
Practical implications
From the view of network financial information security, constructing controlling tactical and synergetic model of information security are explained.
Originality/value
Network finance is orientated as a special social and economic system. The author does analysis on the network financial system, and expounds order parameters and model of network financial system.
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The study aims to provide a basis for the effective use of safety-related information data and a quantitative assessment way for the occurrence probability of the safety risk such…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to provide a basis for the effective use of safety-related information data and a quantitative assessment way for the occurrence probability of the safety risk such as the fatigue fracture of the key components.
Design/methodology/approach
The fatigue crack growth rate is of dispersion, which is often used to accurately describe with probability density. In view of the external dispersion caused by the load, a simple and applicable probability expression of fatigue crack growth rate is adopted based on the fatigue growth theory. Considering the isolation among the pairs of crack length a and crack formation time t (a∼t data) obtained from same kind of structural parts, a statistical analysis approach of t distribution is proposed, which divides the crack length in several segments. Furthermore, according to the compatibility criterion of crack growth, that is, there is statistical development correspondence among a∼t data, the probability model of crack growth rate is established.
Findings
The results show that the crack growth rate in the stable growth stage can be approximately expressed by the crack growth control curve da/dt = Q•a, and the probability density of the crack growth parameter Q represents the external dispersion; t follows two-parameter Weibull distribution in certain a values.
Originality/value
The probability density f(Q) can be estimated by using the probability model of crack growth rate, and a calculation example shows that the estimation method is effective and practical.
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Jihong Chen, Renjie Zhao, Wenjing Xiong, Zheng Wan, Lang Xu and Weipan Zhang
The paper aims to identify the contributors to freight rate fluctuations in the Suezmax tanker market; this study selected the refinery output, crude oil price, one-year charter…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to identify the contributors to freight rate fluctuations in the Suezmax tanker market; this study selected the refinery output, crude oil price, one-year charter rate and fleet development as the main influencing factors for the market analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper used the vector error correction model to evaluate the degree of impact of each influencing factor on Suezmax tanker freight rates, as well as the interplay between these factors.
Findings
The conclusion and results were tested using the 20-year data from 1999 to 2019, and the methodology and theory of this paper were proved to be effective. Results of this study provide effective reference for scholars to find the law of fluctuations in Suezmax tanker freight rates.
Originality/value
This paper provides a decision-making support tool for tanker operators to cope with fluctuation risks in the tanker shipping market.
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