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1 – 10 of 410Cheryl Ann Lambert, Michele E. Ewing and Toqa Hassan
Fake news stories have become a central element of crises that corporate public relations practitioners have confronted. Whether such stories are rumors, outright lies or…
Abstract
Purpose
Fake news stories have become a central element of crises that corporate public relations practitioners have confronted. Whether such stories are rumors, outright lies or deliberate attempts to discredit corporations, they have the same impact and require specific strategies for public relations practitioners to effectively respond. The purpose of this study is to uncover strategies to manage crises that arise from fake news and if and how these strategies differ for other corporate crises.
Design/methodology/approach
In this multi-method study of 21 in-depth interviews and a 8-person focus group with senior-level corporate public relations practitioners, authors explored decision-making strategies for responding to fake news crises. Transcripts of interviews and the focus group were thematically analyzed.
Findings
Results reveal insights regarding how public relations practitioners determine if and when to respond to fake news crises in corporations; what response strategies public relations practitioners have the autonomy to employ for fake news crises in corporations, and how public relations practitioners control media narratives during fake news crises in corporations.
Practical implications
The findings guide public relations practitioners to craft an autonomous decision-making process and effective online listening strategies—establishing a watchful waiting approach—and determine if the fake news issue is a passing moment or movement swirling into a crisis.
Originality/value
Few studies have examined the perspectives of crisis communication experts about minimizing and managing fake news crises. The study identifies opportunities for future research focused on crises originating from fake news and disinformation.
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Anat Toder Alon and Hila Tahar
This study aims to investigate how message sidedness affects the impact of fake news posted on social media on consumers' emotional responses.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate how message sidedness affects the impact of fake news posted on social media on consumers' emotional responses.
Design/methodology/approach
The study involves a face-tracking experiment in which 198 participants were exposed to different fake news messages concerning the COVID-19 vaccine. Specifically, participants were exposed to fake news using (1) a one-sided negative fake news message in which the message was entirely unfavorable and (2) a two-sided fake news message in which the negative message was mixed with favorable information. Noldus FaceReader 7, an automatic facial expression recognition system, was used to recognize participants' emotions as they read fake news. The authors sampled 17,450 observations of participants' emotional responses.
Findings
The results provide evidence of the significant influence of message sidedness on consumers' emotional valence and arousal. Specifically, two-sided fake news positively influences emotional valence, while one-sided fake news positively influences emotional arousal.
Originality/value
The current study demonstrates that research on fake news posted on social media may particularly benefit from insights regarding the potential but often overlooked importance of strategic design choices in fake news messages and their impact on consumers' emotional responses.
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Adellia Agissa and Fitri Mutia
The spread of fake news on Instagram is still a problem that needs to be solved. Teenagers are a generation that is vulnerable to fake news, for example, high school students…
Abstract
Purpose
The spread of fake news on Instagram is still a problem that needs to be solved. Teenagers are a generation that is vulnerable to fake news, for example, high school students. Students need media literacy to help them protect against fake news. The media literacy skills possessed by students influence the behavior of spreading fake news that they do. This study aims to examine the effect of student media literacy on the behavior of spreading fake news on Instagram among students at public high schools in Surabaya.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used an online survey to100 students at five public high school in Surabaya to get the data on their ability to respond to the fake news on social media Instagram.
Findings
It was found that there is a media literacy that has a significant effect on the behavior of spreading fake news on Instagram. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that media literacy influences the behavior of spreading fake news on Instagram, and other factors influence the rest. There are seven media literacy skills, and the high category are grouping, deduction, synthesis and abstraction abilities. Meanwhile, the abilities included in the medium category are analysis and evaluation abilities.
Originality/value
This paper will provide insight of the media literacy levels on teenagers in metropolitan city. This result can be used as guide to add the media literacy subject at high schools and can be used to strengthen the media literacy skills among teenagers.
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Joseph Marmol Yap, Ágnes Barátné Hajdu and Péter Kiszl
The library and information science profession finds itself grappling with substantial difficulties and hurdles when addressing the trustworthiness and accuracy of information…
Abstract
Purpose
The library and information science profession finds itself grappling with substantial difficulties and hurdles when addressing the trustworthiness and accuracy of information disseminated through social media platforms. This study aims to highlight the educational authority of librarians and propose a framework for librarians to establish their identity, understand the meaning behind their practice and integrate their expertise through knowledge practices, ensuring their relevance and effectiveness in the social media environment.
Design/methodology/approach
This study delves into a conceptual framework rooted in philosophical inquiry, seeking to establish a harmonious connection between interrelated concepts of civic roles, professional identity and knowledge practices. It draws upon both original research findings and a review of existing literature in the field.
Findings
Civic responsibilities reflect the professional identities of librarians. Evidence of knowledge practices collected from scientific literature emerged to be the important characterization of how librarians uphold their image as educational authorities. It describes the meaning of civic roles and professional practice.
Practical implications
The study sheds light on how librarians maintain their reputation as educators and the knowledge practices that underpin their civic responsibilities amidst the pervasiveness of information disorders.
Originality/value
The framework presented in the study offers a timely and relevant contribution to the complex realm of social media information disorders, a challenge that librarians grapple with regularly. It highlights the emerging role of librarians in society to assert their identity and recognize their civic responsibility in addressing this pressing issue that society faces.
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INT: European polls will reveal deep fake risks
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES285500
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The interpretation of any emerging form or period in art history was never a trivial task. However, in the case of digital art, technology, becoming an integral part, multiplied…
Abstract
Purpose
The interpretation of any emerging form or period in art history was never a trivial task. However, in the case of digital art, technology, becoming an integral part, multiplied the complexity of describing, systematizing and evaluating it. This article investigates the most common metadata standards for the documentation of art as a broad category and suggests possible next steps toward an extended metadata standard for digital art.
Design/methodology/approach
Describing several techno-cultural phenomena formed in the last decade, manifesting the extendibility of digital art (its ability to be easily extended across multiple modalities), the article, at first, points to the long overdue need to re-evaluate the standards around it. Then it suggests a deeper analysis through a comparative study. In the scope of the study three artworks, The Arnolfini Portrait (Jan van Eyck), an iconic example of the early Renaissance, The World's First Collaborative Sentence (Douglas Davis), a classic example of early Internet art and Fake It Till You Make It (Maya Man), a prominent example of the blockchain art, are examined following the structure of the VRA Core 4.0 standard.
Findings
The comparative study demonstrates that digital art is more multi-semantic than traditional physical art, and requires new taxonomies as well as approaches for data acquisition.
Originality/value
Acknowledging that digital art simply has not yet evolved to the stage of being systematically collected by cultural institutions for documentation, curation and preservation, but otherwise, in the past few years, it has been at the front-center of social, economic and technological trends, the article suggests looking for hints on the future-proof extended metadata standard in some of those trends.
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Mousumi Bose, Lilly Ye and Yiming Zhuang
Today's marketing is dominated by decision-making based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. This study focuses on one semi- and unsupervised machine learning…
Abstract
Today's marketing is dominated by decision-making based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. This study focuses on one semi- and unsupervised machine learning technique, generative adversarial networks (GANs). GANs are a type of deep learning architecture capable of generating new data similar to the training data that were used to train it, and thus, it is designed to learn a generative model that can produce new samples. GANs have been used in multiple marketing areas, especially in creating images and video and providing customized consumer contents. Through providing a holistic picture of GANs, including its advantage, disadvantage, ethical considerations, and its current application, the study attempts to provide business some strategical orientations, including formulating strong marketing positioning, creating consumer lifetime values, and delivering desired marketing tactics in product, promotion, pricing, and distribution channel. Through using GANs, marketers will create unique experiences for consumers, build strategic focus, and gain competitive advantages. This study is an original endeavor in discussing GANs in marketing, offering fresh insights in this research topic.
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Zulma Valedon Westney, Inkyoung Hur, Ling Wang and Junping Sun
Disinformation on social media is a serious issue. This study examines the effects of disinformation on COVID-19 vaccination decision-making to understand how social media users…
Abstract
Purpose
Disinformation on social media is a serious issue. This study examines the effects of disinformation on COVID-19 vaccination decision-making to understand how social media users make healthcare decisions when disinformation is presented in their social media feeds. It examines trust in post owners as a moderator on the relationship between information types (i.e. disinformation and factual information) and vaccination decision-making.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducts a scenario-based web survey experiment to collect extensive survey data from social media users.
Findings
This study reveals that information types differently affect social media users' COVID-19 vaccination decision-making and finds a moderating effect of trust in post owners on the relationship between information types and vaccination decision-making. For those who have a high degree of trust in post owners, the effect of information types on vaccination decision-making becomes large. In contrast, information types do not affect the decision-making of those who have a very low degree of trust in post owners. Besides, identification and compliance are found to affect trust in post owners.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on online disinformation and individual healthcare decision-making by demonstrating the effect of disinformation on vaccination decision-making and providing empirical evidence on how trust in post owners impacts the effects of information types on vaccination decision-making. This study focuses on trust in post owners, unlike prior studies that focus on trust in information or social media platforms.
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Serhat Adem Sop and Doğa Kurçer
This study aims to explore whether Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) can produce quantitative data sets for researchers who could behave unethically through data…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore whether Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) can produce quantitative data sets for researchers who could behave unethically through data fabrication.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-stage case study related to the field of tourism was conducted, and ChatGPT (v.3.5.) was asked to respond to the first questionnaire on behalf of 400 participants and the second on behalf of 800 participants. The artificial intelligence (AI)-generated data sets’ quality was statistically tested via descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Harman's single-factor test.
Findings
The results revealed that ChatGPT could respond to the questionnaires as the number of participants at the desired sample size level and could present the generated data sets in a table format ready for analysis. It was also observed that ChatGPT's responses were systematical, and it created a statistically ideal data set. However, it was noted that the data produced high correlations among the observed variables, the measurement model did not achieve sufficient goodness of fit and the issue of common method bias emerged. The conclusion reached is that ChatGPT does not or cannot yet generate data of suitable quality for advanced-level statistical analyses.
Originality/value
This study shows that ChatGPT can provide quantitative data to researchers attempting to fabricate data sets unethically. Therefore, it offers a new and significant argument to the ongoing debates about the unethical use of ChatGPT. Besides, a quantitative data set generated by AI was statistically examined for the first time in this study. The results proved that the data produced by ChatGPT is problematic in certain aspects, shedding light on several points that journal editors should consider during the editorial processes.
研究目的
本研究旨在探讨ChatGPT是否能够为那些可能通过数据伪造行为不道德的研究人员生成定量数据集。
研究方法
本研究进行了与旅游领域相关的两阶段案例研究, 并要求ChatGPT(v.3.5.)代表400名参与者回答第一个问卷, 以及代表800名参与者回答第二个问卷。通过描述统计、相关分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和哈曼的单因素测试对人工智能生成的数据集的质量进行了统计测试。
研究发现
结果显示, ChatGPT能够按照所需的样本大小水平回答问卷, 并以表格格式呈现生成的数据集, 以便进行分析。还观察到ChatGPT的回答是系统性的, 并且它创建了一个在统计上理想的数据集。然而, 本研究注意到所产生的数据在观察变量之间存在较高的相关性, 测量模型未能达到足够的拟合度, 并出现了共同方法偏差的问题。本研究得出的结论是, ChatGPT目前不能生成适用于高级统计分析的数据, 或者说不适合这样做。
研究创新
本研究表明, ChatGPT可以为试图不道德地伪造数据集的研究人员提供定量数据。因此, 它为关于ChatGPT不道德使用的持续争论提供了一个新而重要的论点。此外, 在本研究中首次对由人工智能生成的定量数据集进行了统计检验。结果表明, ChatGPT生成的数据在某些方面存在问题, 为期刊编辑在编辑过程中考虑的几个要点提供了启示。
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Lira’s announcement came as parliamentarians and government members insisted on rekindling efforts to pass legislation -- known as the “Fake News bill” -- following a clash…