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This paper aims to show the current situation and additional requirements for the aircraft automation systems based on the lessons learned from the two 737 MAX crashes.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to show the current situation and additional requirements for the aircraft automation systems based on the lessons learned from the two 737 MAX crashes.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the Swiss cheese model was used to find the real root causes of the 737 MAX accidents. Then, the results have been compared with the actions taken by the manufacturers and authorities. Based on the comparison, the necessary improvements to prevent such accidents are defined. Regarding the faulty sensor that forms the accidents, a synthetic sensor was developed using an aerodynamic model.
Findings
It has been proven that the safety-critical automation systems should not be designed by relying on a single set of sensor data. Automation levels should be defined in a standard way. Depending on the defined automation level, the system must be designed as either fail-safe or fail-operational system. When designing backup systems, it should be decided by looking at not only whether it has power but also the accuracy of the incoming signals.
Practical implications
Aviation certification requirements related to automation systems need to be revised and improved. With this context, it was revealed that the certification processes for automation systems should be re-evaluated and updated by aviation authorities, especially Federal Aviation Administration and European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
Originality/value
Task sharing between automation system and pilot based on the classification of automation levels and determining certification requirements accordingly has been brought to the agenda. A synthetic Angle of Attack sensor was developed by using an aerodynamic model for fault detection and diagnosis.
Details
Keywords
Cat. 3 operations have been pioneered in France by AIR INTER in conjunction with French Authorities.
I.S. MANT and MA CEng AFRAeS MIMechE
This is the first in a series of articles covering the various aspects of aviation safety. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS have now reached the stage where predictions can indicate that…
Abstract
This is the first in a series of articles covering the various aspects of aviation safety. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS have now reached the stage where predictions can indicate that they reach the level of safety required by certificating authorities. This stage has been achieved by a combination of experience and techniques which regocnise that the majority of the components of which systems are composed may fail.
The Boeing Company is manufacturing two prototype YC‐14 aircraft as part of the United States Air Force Advanced Medium STOL (AMST) Programme. This programme is directed towards…
Abstract
The Boeing Company is manufacturing two prototype YC‐14 aircraft as part of the United States Air Force Advanced Medium STOL (AMST) Programme. This programme is directed towards modern tactical airlift for the 1980's and the prototype aircraft are being built to demonstrate technology, performance and cost potential.
THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS — hydraulic, electrical electronic, environmental control, and auxiliary power systems — are separated into localised centres to allow simultaneous…
Abstract
THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS — hydraulic, electrical electronic, environmental control, and auxiliary power systems — are separated into localised centres to allow simultaneous inspection and maintenance with minimum congestion between ground personnel and equipment. Other factors considered in the design layout of the service centres were the distribution of components in each system, aircraft weight and balance, component size, area environment and accessibility. Isolation from the hazards of possible engine turbine‐blade and wheel tyre failures was another important consideration. Standardisation and interchangeability of equipment within the L1011 aircraft, and among other transports operating in the same time period also influenced the functional system design.
Terence E. Ford and MRAeS
Held at the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the international conference on “The Future of Aircraft All Weather Operations” attracted contributions on a wide variety of…
Abstract
Held at the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the international conference on “The Future of Aircraft All Weather Operations” attracted contributions on a wide variety of topics. The first was on operational requirements and G. E. Selves and J. O. Clark of British Airways referred to the ICAO objectives used as a guide in provisioning equipment and approving operating procedures. All weather operations are based on a total system including the ground equipment, and the aircraft and its equipment as well as the procedures referred to. Crew training is of great importance, and the lock of suitable ground facilities outside Europe and the USA gives cause for concern.
THE progress of avionic systems in aircraft over the past few years has been characterised by dramatic developments in miniaturisation and in the capability of such equipment to…
Abstract
THE progress of avionic systems in aircraft over the past few years has been characterised by dramatic developments in miniaturisation and in the capability of such equipment to perform the most complex tasks with a very small possibility of error. An area in which advances have been most rapid is in automatic flight control systems (AFCS) and a recent development concerned that produced for the Westland Lynx helicopter (Fig 1) for the British and French Services.
It cannot be denied that the majority of the exhibits in the Halls an the Salon covered these aspects of aircraft engineering and to do a complete survey of them all would take…
Abstract
It cannot be denied that the majority of the exhibits in the Halls an the Salon covered these aspects of aircraft engineering and to do a complete survey of them all would take many thousands of words and many detailed illustrations. Full length technical articles on these subjects must be an increasing duty of this journal.