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1 – 10 of over 2000
Article
Publication date: 1 June 2003

Daniela Zavec Pavlinic´ and Jelka Geršak

In transforming fabrics into garment it is necessary to know, besides the manner of processing, the behaviour of the fabric in particular manufacturing processes. It is necessary…

1261

Abstract

In transforming fabrics into garment it is necessary to know, besides the manner of processing, the behaviour of the fabric in particular manufacturing processes. It is necessary to define why and how fabrics behave in a particular way when exposed to various strains. The answers to these questions are obtained by investigating fabric mechanics, as non‐linear mechanical fabric properties at lower strains, which is the case in transforming fabrics into garments. The area to be investigated is quite wide and the investigations presented here deal only with the most important elastic strains occurring in processing fabrics into garments, such as tensile, pressure, shear and bending, as each individual type of strain bears specific importance in studying fabric behaviour, as well as in garment quality control. Strains impacting the fabric, i.e. the reaction of the fabric to these strains, are presented through the parameters of mechanical properties. A relation is also explained between characteristic histeresis curves and fabric behaviour in real garment manufacturing processes, obtained through recording fabric behaviour in particular garment manufacturing processes. Results obtained through the investigations of mechanical properties of the fabrics analysed and their behaviour in garment manufacturing processes helped to determine the so‐called critical, or border values for particular parameters of mechanical properties.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 15 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 April 2018

Georgios V. Seretis, Ioannis D. Theodorakopoulos, Dimitrios E. Manolakos and Christopher G. Provatidis

Para-aramid fabrics see service in a great variety of applications, such as heavy weight lifting applications, penetration protective multilayer panels, etc. It is, therefore…

Abstract

Purpose

Para-aramid fabrics see service in a great variety of applications, such as heavy weight lifting applications, penetration protective multilayer panels, etc. It is, therefore, increasingly important to understand the strain rate range at which the fabric has optimum mechanical properties. Although this is a field that has not been studied before, it is of great significance since it allows for the determination of the fabric’s layer location within the multilayered structure which offers maximum overall performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Rectangular strips of PARAX 300 S8 woven para-aramid fabric underwent uniaxial tensile tests at various extension rates. The angle between two fibers at the center of each specimen was measured after the fabrics were elongated at different tensile extensions. This recovery angle was determined by visual analysis of the test video recordings after specimen unloading. Based on this, the recovery of the weaving form after unloading was also estimated for each tensile extension. A recovery degree based deformation characterization of the sections of a typical load/extension curve has been introduced.

Findings

The fabric does not appear to be strain rate sensitive for a strain rate range of 0.03 s-1 to 0.53 s-1, and its load/extension characteristics are generally not affected by the extension rate. However, break load and maximum elongation values appear reduced at actuator velocity of 2,400 mm/min and enhanced at 3,600 mm/min. Finally, the effect of extension rate on the different deformation zones of the material is reported and discussed.

Originality/value

The current research work offers a novel approach for the investigation of non-standard response of woven para-aramid fabrics when subjected to tensile loading under various strain rates. Additionally, a new approach is introduced to explain in detail the deformation zones based on the recovery degree of the fiber orientation angle after unloading.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 2001

D.W. Lloyd, D.G. Neilly and D.B. Brook

Almost all end-uses of fabrics make use of the ability of fabrics to suffer strains that are very large compared to engineering strains. This paper is the first of a series…

Abstract

Almost all end-uses of fabrics make use of the ability of fabrics to suffer strains that are very large compared to engineering strains. This paper is the first of a series devoted to the measurement of large strains in fabrics. This paper considers some of the problems of fabric strain measurement and describes the use of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film as the active element in an extensible strain sensor. Strain sensors based on this film are suitable for use with many industrial fabrics, for measuring strains that vary over time with periods of a few seconds or less.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

E. Perumalsamy, J.C. Sakthivel and N. Anbumani

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the stress-strain relationships of single-jersey knitted fabrics from uniaxial tensile test followed by deformation behavior using finite…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the stress-strain relationships of single-jersey knitted fabrics from uniaxial tensile test followed by deformation behavior using finite element analysis. In order to elaborate the study, high, medium and low tightness knitted fabrics were selected and deformation of fabrics analyzed in course, wales and bias directions (0, 45 and 90 degrees).

Design/methodology/approach

This study focussed on uni-axial tensile test of produced test samples using Instron 6021 tester and a development of single-jersey knitted loop model using Auto Desk Inventor software (ADI). The knitted fabric material properties and knitted loop model was imported to ANSYS 12.0 software.

Findings

Due to structural changes the tightness and thickness of knitted fabric decreases with increase in loop length The tensile result shows maximum breaking strength at course direction (13.43 kg f/mm2 at 2.7 mm) and maximum extension at wales direction (165.77 kg f/mm2 at 3.3 mm). When the loop length increases, the elongation of fabrics increased and load carrying capacity of fabrics reduced. The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and shear modulus of fabrics reduced with increase in loop length. The deformation of fabrics increased with increase in loop length. The increase in loop length gives large amount of structural changes and it is due to slacking or jamming in loops and loosening in dimensions. When comparing the deformation results, the variation within the fabric is higher and structural damage little more when increasing the loop length of the fabric.

Originality/value

From ANOVA test, stress and strain distribution was statistically significant among course, wales and bias directions at 95 percent confidence level. The values got from Instron test indicates that testing direction can alter its deformation. In deformation analysis, comparing both experimental and prediction, high amount of structural changes observed in wales direction. The used tetrahedral elements can be used for contact analysis with high accuracy. For non-linear problems, consistent approach was proposed which makes the sense to compare with experimental methods. The proposed model will make possible developments and the preliminary validation tests shows good agreement with experimental data.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 March 2007

Panagiotis N. Koustoumpardis, John S. Fourkiotis and Nikos A. Aspragathos

The paper aims to propose an approach to intelligent evaluation of the tensile test. A robotized system is used that performs the fabrics tensile test and estimates the…

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to propose an approach to intelligent evaluation of the tensile test. A robotized system is used that performs the fabrics tensile test and estimates the extensibility of the samples using a feed‐forward neural network while trying to imitate the human expert estimation.

Design/methodology/approach

The specifications of the tensile test are derived by an extensive observation of the respective experts' estimation performance. The fabric sample size and the experimental conditions are specified. Linguistic values of the term “fabric extensibility” are extracted through a knowledge acquisition process. The tensile test is performed by a robot manipulator with a simple gripper and the experimental measurements (force, strain) are fed online into a neural network. The network is trained according to the extensibility estimations of the experts. The trained network is tested in estimating unknown fabric's extensibility.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the system is capable of estimating the extensibility of new fabrics.

Originality/value

This work can be integrated in the robotized sewing process with intelligent control where the fabric's extensibility in terms of linguistic values is necessary. The proposed system initiates a new approach, in which the fabric properties are expressed and used in a way that will facilitate the introduction of the artificial intelligence methods into the clothing industry.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1990

R.J. Bassett and R. Postle

In the first three parts of this series of papers, methods were described by which the basic fabric mechanical properties important in clothing manufacturing operations may be…

Abstract

In the first three parts of this series of papers, methods were described by which the basic fabric mechanical properties important in clothing manufacturing operations may be measured and analysed. The fabric mechanical properties such as fabric tensile, shear, bending and longitudinal compression properties, have been related to fabric overfeeding during sewing and the natural curvature and curling couple of seamed fabric assemblies. The present paper describes work which was carried out with the aim of elucidating the relationships between the constitutive laws governing fabric extension, shear and bending, and the behaviour of the fabric in the three dimensionally deformed states in which the fabric is found during making‐up and end‐use. These deformed states involve strains in the plane of the fabric, and also bending out of the fabric plane. The fabric is approximated by a network of rod elements, aligned for convenience along the fabric constructional directions. The experimental results for a piece of woven fabric forced to conform to a spherical surface agree well with the theoretical calculations. The results also show that when a woven fabric is pulled onto a doubly curved surface by biaxial tensile stresses, equal in both directions, the fabric conforms to the surface mainly by shearing.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2016

Mohammad Iman Mokhlespour Esfahani, Somaye Taghinezhad, Vahid Mottaghitalab, Roya Narimani and Mohammad Parnianpour

The purpose of this study is the measuring of the human movement using printed wearable sensor. Human movement measurement is one of the usages for wearable sensors. This…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is the measuring of the human movement using printed wearable sensor. Human movement measurement is one of the usages for wearable sensors. This technology assists the researchers to collect data from the daily activities of individuals. In other words, the kinematics data of human motion will be extracted from this data and implemented in biomechanical aspects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents an innovative printed wearable sensor which can be used for measuring human movement orientations. In this paper, the manufacturing process, implementation, measurement setup and calibration procedure of this new sensor will be explained, and the results of calibration methods will be presented. The conductive flexible nylon/lycra fabric strain gauge was developed using polypyrrole (PPy)–1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid by using a sophisticated method composed of screen printing followed by chemical vapor deposition at room temperature.

Findings

The morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy shows the PPy-coated fabric exhibiting a homogenous and smooth surface. Based on the results, the linearity and hysteresis error are 98 and 8 per cent, respectively. Finally, the behavior of our sensor is evaluated in some cases, and the effects of relaxation and strain rate will be discussed.

Practical implications

The wearable sensor is one of the most advanced technologies in biomedical engineering. It can be used in several applications for prohibition, diagnosing and treatment of diseases.

Originality/value

The paper present original data acquired from a technical set-up in biomechanic labs. An innovative method was used for collecting the resistance changing of the sensor. A measurement setup was prepared as a transducer to convert the resistance into voltage.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 2001

D.W. Lloyd, C.D. Price and D.B. Brook

The theoretical basis of a method of measuring true finite strains (Green’s Strains) in fabrics has been reported in an earlier paper. The purpose of the present paper is to…

24

Abstract

The theoretical basis of a method of measuring true finite strains (Green’s Strains) in fabrics has been reported in an earlier paper. The purpose of the present paper is to outline how the method may be implemented in practice, and how current limitations of the method might be overcome. At present, the technique is confined to essentially planar specimens of fabric and to photographic techniques. Ways of developing the method to overcome its limitations are suggested.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1995

Prasad Potluri, Isaac Porat and John Atkinson

Fabric testing has progressed from subjective hand evaluation to very sophisticated instrumental techniques. Examines past developments and suggests some future directions in this…

342

Abstract

Fabric testing has progressed from subjective hand evaluation to very sophisticated instrumental techniques. Examines past developments and suggests some future directions in this area. Reports research work being pursued by the present authors in developing automated test systems.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 7 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 November 2012

George K. Stylios

Examines the seventeenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects…

1099

Abstract

Examines the seventeenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 24 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

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