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The purpose of this paper is to use the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm to understand how the source characteristics of the local and foreign food vloggers impact perceptions associated with the consumption setting of food vlogs (FVs), that is, experiential value and authentic value, cultivate the experiences of parasocial interaction (PSI) and how they are channelized into behavioral and attitudinal dispositions of food tourists.

Following a survey research design, a sample of 418 participants with an interest in food-related touristic journeys was analyzed. Both Pakistani and foreign FVs about Peshawar, a historic city situated on the ancient silk route, were selected for a common reference point.

The reception of Pakistani and foreign food vloggers differed significantly, implying that source characteristics, especially perceived similarity with the food vlogger, are an essential factor in the case of FVs. FVs’ authentic and experiential values significantly nurtured the experiences of PSI and positively influenced viewers’ evaluation of vlogs. The experiences of PSI cultivated visit intentions towards a destination. However, their relationship with the destination’s food image was not significantly related. The favorable reception of FVs was positively associated with the destination’s food image and visit intentions.

The findings provide tourism and hospitality managers with suggestions on how to appreciate and incorporate the marketability of FVs into their destination marketing campaigns.

This study opens up new avenues of scholarly debate by comparing the local and foreign food vloggers’ source effectiveness in cultivating PSI experiences and resultant attitudinal and behavioral changes. This study adds to the emergent research stream of understanding the food vlogger–viewer relationship through the S-O-R framework.

This paper aims to compare and analyze the effect of the dual-credit policy and product substitution rate on the automakers’ operational strategies under different production modes (e.g. centralized and independent), and further illustrate which production mode is more conducive to improving new energy vehicle (NEV) development.

The decision-making models for a centralized production mode where an integrated automaker produces both NEVs and fuel vehicles (FVs) and for independent production mode where an NEV automaker faces competition from a traditional FV automaker were formulated. The equilibrium solutions of each production mode were obtained by extreme value and game theory methods. The conclusions of the theoretical analysis were further verified with numerical analyses using IBM-MATLAB R2019a. Some management insights could be obtained by comparison analysis.

Under the dual-credit policy, an increase in the NEV credit trading price will always raise production quantity of NEVs, but only in an independent production mode where a higher trading price will also bring higher total profits to NEV automakers. In addition, only when the NEV credit trading price is high enough, a rising product substitution rate will be more favorable to NEV production and restrain FV production. Furthermore, an independent production mode is more favorable for the initial production of NEVs, but as each of the two vehicle types captures a certain amount of market share, a centralized production mode will be more conducive to the full replacement of FVs by NEVs.

The main contributions of this study include the formulation of decision-making models for FVs and NEVs in not only a centralized production mode but also an independent production mode. Moreover, this paper comprehensively analyzes how the dual-credit policy and product substitution relationship affect automakers’ production and pricing decisions. Then, the specific conditions under which each production mode is more conducive to NEV production and sales are summarized. The results proposed in this study provide scientific managerial insights for automakers and policy makers.

The flux vector splitting (FVS) schemes are known for their higher resistance to shock instabilities and carbuncle phenomena in high-speed flow computations, which are generally accompanied by relatively large numerical diffusion. However, it is desirable to control the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes inside the boundary layer for improved accuracy in viscous flow computations. This study aims to develop a new methodology for controlling the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes for viscous flow computations with the help of a recently developed boundary layer sensor.

The governing equations are solved using a cell-centered finite volume approach and Euler time integration. The gradients in the viscous fluxes are evaluated by applying the Green’s theorem. For the inviscid fluxes, a new approach is introduced, where the original upwind formulation of an FVS scheme is first cast into an equivalent central discretization along with a numerical diffusion term. Subsequently, the numerical diffusion is scaled down by using a novel scaling function that operates based on a boundary layer sensor. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by applying the same on van Leer’s FVS and AUSM schemes. The resulting schemes are named as Diffusion-Regulated van Leer’s FVS-Viscous (DRvLFV) and Diffusion-Regulated AUSM-Viscous (DRAUSMV) schemes.

The numerical tests show that the DRvLFV scheme shows significant improvement over its parent scheme in resolving the skin friction and wall heat flux profiles. The DRAUSMV scheme is also found marginally more accurate than its parent scheme. However, stability requirements limit the scaling down of only the numerical diffusion term corresponding to the acoustic part of the AUSM scheme.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful attempt to regulate the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes inside boundary layers by applying a novel scaling function to their artificial viscosity forms. The new methodology can reduce the erroneous smearing of boundary layers by FVS schemes in high-speed flow applications.

The purpose of this paper is to explore fruit and vegetable (FV) procurement disparity across income groups.

This study uses mean comparison and quintile regression to explain FVs variations.

Households from the highest income quantile spend more than two times on FVs than households from the lowest quantile; however, this expenditure disparity is largely mitigated in terms of purchase quantity. This paper presents evidence that, rather than quantity discounts or income neighborhood, the type of store (traditional markets vs supermarkets) plays a relevant role in explaining the smaller gap in terms of purchase quantity.

Traditional markets help low-income households access low-cost FVs.

The authors generate evidence to show that traditional markets play a relevant role to supply affordable FV to low-income households.

The paper used a high-quality and uncommon data set. It is a topic of high social impact.

The inhibition effect of Foeniculum vulgare seeds’ (FVS) extract on the corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium was studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization, as well as the surface morphology of the mild steel.

Weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis of FVS extract were performed.

FVS extract acts as a good inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration but decreases with the increase of temperature.

FVS extract was observed to play an important role in the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solution.

This paper is intended to be added to the family of green inhibitors which are highly efficient inhibitors and can be used in the area of corrosion prevention and control.

Measures of dietary diversity are relatively simple and associated with nutrient adequacy and nutritional status. The aim of this study is to validate dietary diversity score (DDS) as an indicator of nutrient adequacy of diet of Indian rural children aged five to eight years.

A cross‐sectional survey among 232 children (five to eight years) was conducted using a 24 h recall. Food variety score (FVS) and DDSs were calculated. Probability of adequacies of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc, and mean probability of adequacy was used to assess nutrient adequacy. To determine associations between dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy, nutrient adequacy and socio‐economic status (SES), partial rank correlations were conducted.

Vitamin C and iron had the lowest probability of adequacy (PA) while vitamin A and zinc had the highest PA. Mean probability of adequate micronutrient intake (MPA) across five micronutrients was 40 percent. Mean DDS was 6.5 and mean FVS was 12.2. DDS was significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with PA vitamin A (r = 0.17), PA vitamin C (r = 0.36) and mean MPA (r = 0.21). Correlations for FVS were significant and stronger than those of DDS with all micronutrients. Adjustments for SES indicators did not further change the correlations. The best DDS cut‐off point for nutritionally adequate diet with MPA of 75 percent was between six and seven food groups.

DDS and FVS can be useful tools to give a good indication of nutritional adequacy of diet in resource‐poor settings. Additionally, a DDS between six and seven should suffice to identify subjects with a nutritionally adequate diet with MPA of 75 percent with optimal sensitivity and specificity.

The objective of this article is to analyze fruit and vegetable (FV) purchasing decisions between 2011–12 and 2016–17 in Chile, and FV purchases by level of education in this period as determinant to explain dietary disparities across population groups.

Using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, the authors analyze FV purchases over time. Taking into consideration censoring, this study uses two waves of the Family Budget Survey (national representative) by the National Statistics Institute of Chile.

The authors find that when comparing income quintiles 1–4, between 2011–12 and 2016–17, the years of education of the household head cannot explain FV purchases disparities. In contrast, in income quintile 5, between 2011–12 and 2016–17, the marginal effect of education of the household head has significantly decreased FV purchases. When analyzing social determinants, gender and income quintiles in 2016–17, they do not have a significant effect on FV purchase disparities. However, the zone of the household, metropolitan zone vs other urban zones in the country has a significant effect on FV purchase disparities.

The datasets cover food home purchases.

The authors can conclude the relevance of implementing policies and programs to lead for healthier food environments such as offer more FVs in the school feeding program and social protection nutrition sensitive measures.

Using two waves of a nationally representative dataset, this article decomposes the effect of education of the household head to explain FV purchase disparities.

The concept of online shopping has been in vogue for the past two decades and is on the rise. Even developing countries like Pakistan are using electronic platforms to buy and sell goods and services, and the trend has been increasing ever since the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the expectancy-disconfirmation theory, this study aims to test the e-service quality (E-SQ) and e-customer satisfaction (ECS) linkage with the mediating roles of functional values (FVs) and hedonic values (HVs).

The data have been collected from 298 customers of AliExpress and Daraz e-commerce platforms and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM).

The results of the study showed a significant positive relationship between E-SQ and ECS and indirect linkage through FVs and HVs have also been established.

E-commerce platforms, particularly in Pakistan, should place a strong emphasis on FVs by providing accurate product details, user-friendly navigation, transparent pricing and streamlined transactions. Customers' trust and confidence will increase if they have a smooth and effective online purchasing experience. Customer satisfaction may be influenced by regular platform functionality and usability changes.

The use of functional and HVs is considered to be a novel factor in testing the relationship between E-SQ and ECS.

Fruits and vegetables (FVs) are a good source of substances that contributed to bone health. However, the relation of FVs consumption with inflammation and bone biomarkers is inconsistent. Thus, this paper aims to assess the association of FVs intake with inflammation and bone biomarkers in older adults.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 178 older adults in Tehran, with a mean age of 67.04. Biochemical measurements including serum osteocalcin, high sensitivity c-reactive protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D, parathormone and urine terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen (u-CTx) was done. The intake of FVs was calculated using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Pearson correlation coefficients showed a positive relation between serum osteocalcin and total vegetables (r = 0.167, p = 0.026), juices group (r = 0.155, p = 0.035), starchy vegetables (r = 0.205, p = 0.006) and other vegetable group (r = 0.161, p = 0.032) even after controlling of potential confounders. Analysis of covariance showed that total vegetable were significantly associated with serum osteocalcin (p = 0.041) and PTH levels (p = 0.028). Additionally, no evidence of a significant relationship between total fruit intake and test variables was observed. However, subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant association between citrus fruits and serum 25(OH) D (p = 0.017). A significant relation between starchy vegetable and urine CTx-I was reported (p = 0.016). Moreover, other vegetable subgroup was strongly associated with serum osteocalcin (p = 0.003).

The results of this paper may provide insight for clinical interventions and also important to make policy for prevention or easing bone disorders and general inflammation related to fruit and vegetable intake.

Studies the concept of subsystems and introduces two important classes of systems. One class contains systems with the property of complete subsystems and the other contains systems with the property of completely trivial subsystems. Discusses the following questions in great detail and uses the results in the research of linearly ordered sets, partially ordered sets, ordered groups and ordered algebras: existence, heredity, infinity, cardinality, proper classes, proper subclasses, categories, isomorphic categories, etc.