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Delhaize Freres is a Belgian supermarket group with 78 supermarkets and a large number of affiliated stores, selling grocery and a number of non‐food Tines including hardware and perfumery. M. Fourez, the technical director, here describes his company's experience on being confronted with the pressing question as to whether to computerise their inventory management or to do it manually. Their final view was that the use of computers did not offer a profitable solution to the problem, owing to the difficulty of including all categories of article in a limited number of easily usable models. But he adds that such a decision will depend on a company's own character, its own philosophy and its own markets; the final decision is an individual one for each company to take. This is a summary of a paper read at the CIES conference.

Potassium silicate sealer was applied on solvent-cleaned, acid-pickled, dacromet-coated steel to improve its corrosion resistance. The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion behavior of dacromet-coated steel.

Potassium silicate sealer was applied on solvent-cleaned, acid-pickled, dacromet-coated steel to improve its corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and salt spray were carried out. SEM was used to study the morphological appearance of the surface.

The EIS behavior indicated that solvent-cleaned dacromet-coated steel sealed with potassium silicate showed that the corrosion current density was 2.664E − 5 A.cm² which was reduced to 8.752E − 6 A.cm² and the corrosion rate, which was 2.264E − 2 mm.year⁻¹, was reduced to 7.438E − 3 mm.year⁻¹ in NaCl 3.5 wt.per cent. EIS was used in NaCl 3.5 wt.%, and the Bode plot characteristics showed that the corrosion protection of solvent-cleaned, dacromet-coated steel was enhanced when sealed with potassium silicate. The EDS results of salt-sprayed, solvent-cleaned samples after 10 days indicated that the main corrosion products are composed of SiO₂, ZnO and Al₂O₃.

The detection of Li element in EDS was not possible because of the device limitation.

The current paper provides new information about the sealing properties of potassium silicate and its effects on the corrosion resistance of dacromet coating, which is widely used in many industries such as the automobile industry.

This chapter considers viable and nonviable methods for corruption and ethics reform. Among the different types of methods considered are: vision and values based methods; win-win incentive and ethics networking methods; power-based top-down compliance and bottom-up whistle-blowing methods; alternative institution building methods; and, social movement methods. The chapter analyzes how the different types of methods can be more and less viable depending upon the specific multilevel situational factors related to micro individual, meso organizational, and macro institutional level, political-economic, and cultural obstacles to corruption and ethics reform.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the social representations (SRs) of healthy and unhealthy food built by three groups of children from different cultural backgrounds. The main goal was to determine whether children's age and cultural background operated in the development of these representations.

This qualitative study was based on 45 individual semistructured interviews. In total, 45 children aged seven to 12 years from three different cultural backgrounds (French Canadians in Quebec, Canadians of Romanian origin, and children in Romania) were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Interview transcripts were analysed and interpreted using a three-step method derived from theories on social representations.

SRs of healthy and unhealthy food underwent similar development processes in all groups according to children's ages. However, cultural context had an effect on the content and complexity of the representations, which were influenced by both culture and ideology.

The study confirms the importance of developing social campaigns on nutrition education and provides concrete evidence that could be used in conceiving more effective strategies in the field of nutrition education.

Original developmental and cross-cultural approach to the study of children's SRs of food and nutrition.