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Book part
Publication date: 22 November 2023

A. Erin Bass, Ivana Milosevic and Sarah DeArmond

A growing body of literature suggests that unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks – ranging from natural disasters to public health crises and beyond – require the firm to…

Abstract

A growing body of literature suggests that unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks – ranging from natural disasters to public health crises and beyond – require the firm to respond adaptively. However, how firms do so remains largely undertheorized. To contribute to this line of literature, the authors borrow from the conservation of resources (COR) theory of stress and the dynamic capabilities perspective to introduce the concept of firm stress – a state of reduced and irregular readiness firms enter into following unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks. Our theoretical model illustrates that firms must punctuate the stress state to adapt by first deploying a retrenchment response, thereby conserving resources and allowing the firm to consider how to best redeploy its dynamic capabilities to adapt. Subsequently, the firm can redeploy its capabilities and adaptively respond in one of three ways: exiting (reconfiguring resources for alternative use), persevering (reconfiguring resources for better use), or innovating (developing new resources). Overall, the authors offer a process model of firm stress and adaptive responses following an unpredictable, resource-depleting shock that paves the way for future research on stress in the strategy literature.

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1988

Y.L. JACK LAM

With data secured from 256 school principals in Manitoba, the study examined the impact of external environmental constraints upon the various types and sources of job‐related…

Abstract

With data secured from 256 school principals in Manitoba, the study examined the impact of external environmental constraints upon the various types and sources of job‐related stress. Results indicated external pressures triggered extra‐organizational, intra‐organizational as well as the less obvious intrapersonal stress. Constraints from external sources therefore constitute a major dimension that cannot be ignored in understanding the complex phenomenon of school administrators' stress.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2016

Melvin Eldho Shibu and Jithish K.S.

The catastrophic failures of these thick-wall cylinders are mainly due to the presence of inherent cracks in the material. The present study aims to deal with the analysis of…

Abstract

Purpose

The catastrophic failures of these thick-wall cylinders are mainly due to the presence of inherent cracks in the material. The present study aims to deal with the analysis of stress for a given range of inside pressure. The paper deals with the calculation of radial and tangential stresses for various external pressure-to-internal pressure ratios and external radius to internal radius of the thick-walled cylinder.

Design/methodology/approach

The inlet line to the combustion chamber normally has an internal diameter of 150 mm and has a thickness of 25 mm. Normal temperature of the working fluid is about 80°C and the outside temperature is kept as room temperature. The present work deals with the stress analysis of the inlet line with and without internal crack. Also the stress intensity factors are calculated to check with the fracture toughness. Analysis is done both theoretically and by FEM by using the well-known software ANSYS.

Findings

Results show that the radial stress is independent of the external radius-to-internal radius ratio, while the tangential stress increases.

Practical implications

In process industries like nuclear or chemical, etc., structures in the form of thick-walled cylinders play a vital role, as its failure can affect humans and the environment. Because of this, the design and analysis of the above cylinders are of much significance.

Originality/value

Due to constant or cyclic operating pressure of pressure vessels and its corresponding pipelines usually in the form of thick-walled cylinders, reliability of the materials and structures used is of critical importance, as its failure can be deadly and possess lethal dangers when the cylinder contains flammable, toxic or reactive working fluid. The major ruling factors for the failure are none other than stress-related defects and presence of cracks.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 November 2013

Sanjeev Sharma, Amrish Kumar Aggarwal and Richa Sharma

– Safety analysis has been done for thermal non-homogeneous thick-walled circular cylinder under internal and external pressure. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Abstract

Purpose

Safety analysis has been done for thermal non-homogeneous thick-walled circular cylinder under internal and external pressure. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Transition theory based on the concept of generalized principal Lebesgue strain measure has been used which simplifies the constitutive equations by prescribing a priory the order of the measure of deformation and helps to achieve better agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.

Findings

From the analysis, the paper can conclude that by introducing a suitably chosen temperature gradient, non-homogeneous compressible circular cylinder with internal and external pressure for non-linear measure is on the safer side of the design as compared to the cylinder without temperature because circumferential stresses are less for cylinder with temperature as compared to cylinder without temperature.

Practical implications

Introduction of temperature gradient leads to the idea of “Stress Saving” and minimizing the possibility of fracture of cylinder.

Originality/value

The paper shows that circumferential stresses are less for cylinder with temperature gradient as compared to cylinder at constant temperature, which leads to the idea of “Stress Saving” and minimizing the possibility of fracture of cylinder.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 9 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 10 April 2023

Antonina (Tonya) Bauman

An educator’s work is gratifying but highly stressful. Stress arises from external factors such as school, accrediting agencies, students, and parents, as well as internal factors…

Abstract

An educator’s work is gratifying but highly stressful. Stress arises from external factors such as school, accrediting agencies, students, and parents, as well as internal factors like the teacher’s own skills, beliefs, and emotions. The phrase ‘to catch stress’ is used metaphorically in this chapter as it refers to an individual reaction to a situation that has a negative impact on the educator’s wellbeing, just like catching a disease has a negative impact on a person’s health. Working with people of different ages and personalities creates a variety of stressful situations that can negatively impact the ability of educators to do their job effectively. Stress might lead to job dissatisfaction and the desire to quit. Teachers’ stress also impacts students, since educators may become less concerned about students’ learning and put less effort into teaching when under stress. While the external causes of stress cannot be eliminated, educators can use techniques that reduce internal stress. This chapter offers a list of practical recommendations that might help educators manage their emotional reactions to stressful situations.

Details

Honing Self-Awareness of Faculty and Future Business Leaders: Emotions Connected with Teaching and Learning
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-350-5

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2013

Tiffany Derville Gallicano

The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about organization‐public relationships by establishing a theoretical category for understanding them and by contributing to a…

1498

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about organization‐public relationships by establishing a theoretical category for understanding them and by contributing to a foundation of knowledge in that category. Relationship stresses are presented as the factors that constrain organization‐public relationships. This study identifies stresses on the relationship between a grassroots advocacy organization and its former members, as well as stresses between the organization and members who have decreased their participation in it.

Design/methodology/approach

In‐person interviews were conducted with 24 people, phone interviews were conducted with 44 people, and e‐mail interviews were conducted with 13 people. Interviewees included staff members, former volunteers, and volunteers who had decreased their participation in the organization.

Findings

Several relationship stresses were identified: the silver curtain, the emotion tax, relationship speeding, invisible isms, weak leadership, disagreement with decisions, the revolving door, overworking volunteers, underworking volunteers, age, and health.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes a new category for relationship management scholarship, which can be productive for theory building. It also illuminates Dozier and Lauzen's questioning about the unique conditions of social movement organizations.

Practical implications

Established cultivation strategies can actually aggravate publics when a relationship has significantly deteriorated and the root problem is not addressed.

Originality/value

Recognizing problems in the relationship between an advocacy organization and members results in a deep understanding of a unique context for public relations practice. In addition, this study illuminates a context for cultivation strategies by codifying a foundation of relationship stresses. Identifying stresses to relationships can help scholars and practitioners ascertain problems and treat those problems at the root level.

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1980

Roy Payne and Tanya Arroba

Two recent papers on the psychological impact of redundancy, have pointed out that there are frequently very positive reactions to the experience. Their remarks do not apply to…

Abstract

Two recent papers on the psychological impact of redundancy, have pointed out that there are frequently very positive reactions to the experience. Their remarks do not apply to those seeking voluntary redundancy to achieve substantial financial benefits, but to those who have redundancy forced upon them who then discovered that it gave them an exciting opportunity to start a new career and a new life. Apart from the fact that “redundancy” could do with some positive publicity, their finding raises the question as to what kinds of people respond to redundancy in this proactive fashion. This study was designed to examine the validity and utility of a personality typology which has the appearance of being very relevant to understanding people's reactions to changing circumstances.

Details

Personnel Review, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0048-3486

Article
Publication date: 3 July 2009

John McCormick and Paul L. Ayres

The purpose of this research was to study teachers' self‐efficacy and occupational stress in the context of a large‐scale curriculum reform in New South Wales, Australia. The…

2727

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to study teachers' self‐efficacy and occupational stress in the context of a large‐scale curriculum reform in New South Wales, Australia. The study aims to follow up and replicate a study carried out approximately one year earlier.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical framework, primarily based on social cognitive theory and the teachers' attribution of responsibility for stress model and consistent with the earlier study, was used to guide the research. Data were gathered using a self‐report questionnaire. Analysis was carried out using structural equation modelling, based on results of the earlier study, and partial correlation analysis.

Findings

A more parsimonious model of the related phenomena than had been established by the earlier study was confirmed, suggesting that the context of the educational reform was different one year later, particularly in terms of perceived social support and occupational stress specifically associated with the changes. The important result from the earlier study was replicated – understanding what was required by the reform was negatively associated with teachers' self‐efficacy for the new type of teaching and self‐efficacy for using technology with the new curriculum.

Originality/value

The paper provides insights into teachers' cognitions associated with a major curriculum reform. Results have implications for system administrators and reforming curriculum bodies.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 47 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 March 2011

John McCormick and Kerry Barnett

It may be argued that some shared psychological mechanisms (attribution) and structures (schemas) are likely to play a role in how individuals perceive stress. This paper seeks to…

6158

Abstract

Purpose

It may be argued that some shared psychological mechanisms (attribution) and structures (schemas) are likely to play a role in how individuals perceive stress. This paper seeks to propose and test some hypothesised relationships between stress attribution domains and burnout dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants were 416 classroom teachers in 38 randomly selected high schools in New South Wales, Australia. Two established instruments, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Teachers' Attribution of Responsibility for Stress Scale were employed in a postal survey. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel modelling.

Findings

Most variance was at the individual level, supporting the view that the stress and burnout were overwhelmingly psychological phenomena. Findings suggest the centrality of stress attributed to student misbehaviour in predicting each of the three dimensions of burnout: depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment. Occupational stress attributed to personal failings also negatively predicted personal accomplishment.

Practical implications

The principal implication for practice is that greater emphasis should be placed on effective management of student behaviour when assisting teachers at risk of burnout.

Originality/value

This original study provides new insights into attribution schemas to assist understanding teachers' perceptions and reporting of their occupational stress and burnout in an education system.

Details

International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-354X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1999

K.H. Spencer Pickett

Using the backdrop of an (apparently) extended visit to the West Indies, analogies with key concerns of internal audit are drawn. An unusual and refreshing way of exploring the…

39985

Abstract

Using the backdrop of an (apparently) extended visit to the West Indies, analogies with key concerns of internal audit are drawn. An unusual and refreshing way of exploring the main themes ‐ a discussion between Bill and Jack on tour in the islands ‐ forms the debate. Explores the concepts of control, necessary procedures, fraud and corruption, supporting systems, creativity and chaos, and building a corporate control facility.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 37 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

Keywords

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