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1 – 10 of over 56000A. Erin Bass, Ivana Milosevic and Sarah DeArmond
A growing body of literature suggests that unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks – ranging from natural disasters to public health crises and beyond – require the firm to…
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks – ranging from natural disasters to public health crises and beyond – require the firm to respond adaptively. However, how firms do so remains largely undertheorized. To contribute to this line of literature, the authors borrow from the conservation of resources (COR) theory of stress and the dynamic capabilities perspective to introduce the concept of firm stress – a state of reduced and irregular readiness firms enter into following unpredictable, resource-depleting shocks. Our theoretical model illustrates that firms must punctuate the stress state to adapt by first deploying a retrenchment response, thereby conserving resources and allowing the firm to consider how to best redeploy its dynamic capabilities to adapt. Subsequently, the firm can redeploy its capabilities and adaptively respond in one of three ways: exiting (reconfiguring resources for alternative use), persevering (reconfiguring resources for better use), or innovating (developing new resources). Overall, the authors offer a process model of firm stress and adaptive responses following an unpredictable, resource-depleting shock that paves the way for future research on stress in the strategy literature.
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With data secured from 256 school principals in Manitoba, the study examined the impact of external environmental constraints upon the various types and sources of job‐related…
Abstract
With data secured from 256 school principals in Manitoba, the study examined the impact of external environmental constraints upon the various types and sources of job‐related stress. Results indicated external pressures triggered extra‐organizational, intra‐organizational as well as the less obvious intrapersonal stress. Constraints from external sources therefore constitute a major dimension that cannot be ignored in understanding the complex phenomenon of school administrators' stress.
Melvin Eldho Shibu and Jithish K.S.
The catastrophic failures of these thick-wall cylinders are mainly due to the presence of inherent cracks in the material. The present study aims to deal with the analysis of…
Abstract
Purpose
The catastrophic failures of these thick-wall cylinders are mainly due to the presence of inherent cracks in the material. The present study aims to deal with the analysis of stress for a given range of inside pressure. The paper deals with the calculation of radial and tangential stresses for various external pressure-to-internal pressure ratios and external radius to internal radius of the thick-walled cylinder.
Design/methodology/approach
The inlet line to the combustion chamber normally has an internal diameter of 150 mm and has a thickness of 25 mm. Normal temperature of the working fluid is about 80°C and the outside temperature is kept as room temperature. The present work deals with the stress analysis of the inlet line with and without internal crack. Also the stress intensity factors are calculated to check with the fracture toughness. Analysis is done both theoretically and by FEM by using the well-known software ANSYS.
Findings
Results show that the radial stress is independent of the external radius-to-internal radius ratio, while the tangential stress increases.
Practical implications
In process industries like nuclear or chemical, etc., structures in the form of thick-walled cylinders play a vital role, as its failure can affect humans and the environment. Because of this, the design and analysis of the above cylinders are of much significance.
Originality/value
Due to constant or cyclic operating pressure of pressure vessels and its corresponding pipelines usually in the form of thick-walled cylinders, reliability of the materials and structures used is of critical importance, as its failure can be deadly and possess lethal dangers when the cylinder contains flammable, toxic or reactive working fluid. The major ruling factors for the failure are none other than stress-related defects and presence of cracks.
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Sanjeev Sharma, Amrish Kumar Aggarwal and Richa Sharma
– Safety analysis has been done for thermal non-homogeneous thick-walled circular cylinder under internal and external pressure. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Abstract
Purpose
Safety analysis has been done for thermal non-homogeneous thick-walled circular cylinder under internal and external pressure. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Transition theory based on the concept of generalized principal Lebesgue strain measure has been used which simplifies the constitutive equations by prescribing a priory the order of the measure of deformation and helps to achieve better agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
Findings
From the analysis, the paper can conclude that by introducing a suitably chosen temperature gradient, non-homogeneous compressible circular cylinder with internal and external pressure for non-linear measure is on the safer side of the design as compared to the cylinder without temperature because circumferential stresses are less for cylinder with temperature as compared to cylinder without temperature.
Practical implications
Introduction of temperature gradient leads to the idea of “Stress Saving” and minimizing the possibility of fracture of cylinder.
Originality/value
The paper shows that circumferential stresses are less for cylinder with temperature gradient as compared to cylinder at constant temperature, which leads to the idea of “Stress Saving” and minimizing the possibility of fracture of cylinder.
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An educator’s work is gratifying but highly stressful. Stress arises from external factors such as school, accrediting agencies, students, and parents, as well as internal factors…
Abstract
An educator’s work is gratifying but highly stressful. Stress arises from external factors such as school, accrediting agencies, students, and parents, as well as internal factors like the teacher’s own skills, beliefs, and emotions. The phrase ‘to catch stress’ is used metaphorically in this chapter as it refers to an individual reaction to a situation that has a negative impact on the educator’s wellbeing, just like catching a disease has a negative impact on a person’s health. Working with people of different ages and personalities creates a variety of stressful situations that can negatively impact the ability of educators to do their job effectively. Stress might lead to job dissatisfaction and the desire to quit. Teachers’ stress also impacts students, since educators may become less concerned about students’ learning and put less effort into teaching when under stress. While the external causes of stress cannot be eliminated, educators can use techniques that reduce internal stress. This chapter offers a list of practical recommendations that might help educators manage their emotional reactions to stressful situations.
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The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about organization‐public relationships by establishing a theoretical category for understanding them and by contributing to a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about organization‐public relationships by establishing a theoretical category for understanding them and by contributing to a foundation of knowledge in that category. Relationship stresses are presented as the factors that constrain organization‐public relationships. This study identifies stresses on the relationship between a grassroots advocacy organization and its former members, as well as stresses between the organization and members who have decreased their participation in it.
Design/methodology/approach
In‐person interviews were conducted with 24 people, phone interviews were conducted with 44 people, and e‐mail interviews were conducted with 13 people. Interviewees included staff members, former volunteers, and volunteers who had decreased their participation in the organization.
Findings
Several relationship stresses were identified: the silver curtain, the emotion tax, relationship speeding, invisible isms, weak leadership, disagreement with decisions, the revolving door, overworking volunteers, underworking volunteers, age, and health.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes a new category for relationship management scholarship, which can be productive for theory building. It also illuminates Dozier and Lauzen's questioning about the unique conditions of social movement organizations.
Practical implications
Established cultivation strategies can actually aggravate publics when a relationship has significantly deteriorated and the root problem is not addressed.
Originality/value
Recognizing problems in the relationship between an advocacy organization and members results in a deep understanding of a unique context for public relations practice. In addition, this study illuminates a context for cultivation strategies by codifying a foundation of relationship stresses. Identifying stresses to relationships can help scholars and practitioners ascertain problems and treat those problems at the root level.
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Two recent papers on the psychological impact of redundancy, have pointed out that there are frequently very positive reactions to the experience. Their remarks do not apply to…
Abstract
Two recent papers on the psychological impact of redundancy, have pointed out that there are frequently very positive reactions to the experience. Their remarks do not apply to those seeking voluntary redundancy to achieve substantial financial benefits, but to those who have redundancy forced upon them who then discovered that it gave them an exciting opportunity to start a new career and a new life. Apart from the fact that “redundancy” could do with some positive publicity, their finding raises the question as to what kinds of people respond to redundancy in this proactive fashion. This study was designed to examine the validity and utility of a personality typology which has the appearance of being very relevant to understanding people's reactions to changing circumstances.
John McCormick and Paul L. Ayres
The purpose of this research was to study teachers' self‐efficacy and occupational stress in the context of a large‐scale curriculum reform in New South Wales, Australia. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research was to study teachers' self‐efficacy and occupational stress in the context of a large‐scale curriculum reform in New South Wales, Australia. The study aims to follow up and replicate a study carried out approximately one year earlier.
Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical framework, primarily based on social cognitive theory and the teachers' attribution of responsibility for stress model and consistent with the earlier study, was used to guide the research. Data were gathered using a self‐report questionnaire. Analysis was carried out using structural equation modelling, based on results of the earlier study, and partial correlation analysis.
Findings
A more parsimonious model of the related phenomena than had been established by the earlier study was confirmed, suggesting that the context of the educational reform was different one year later, particularly in terms of perceived social support and occupational stress specifically associated with the changes. The important result from the earlier study was replicated – understanding what was required by the reform was negatively associated with teachers' self‐efficacy for the new type of teaching and self‐efficacy for using technology with the new curriculum.
Originality/value
The paper provides insights into teachers' cognitions associated with a major curriculum reform. Results have implications for system administrators and reforming curriculum bodies.
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John McCormick and Kerry Barnett
It may be argued that some shared psychological mechanisms (attribution) and structures (schemas) are likely to play a role in how individuals perceive stress. This paper seeks to…
Abstract
Purpose
It may be argued that some shared psychological mechanisms (attribution) and structures (schemas) are likely to play a role in how individuals perceive stress. This paper seeks to propose and test some hypothesised relationships between stress attribution domains and burnout dimensions.
Design/methodology/approach
The participants were 416 classroom teachers in 38 randomly selected high schools in New South Wales, Australia. Two established instruments, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Teachers' Attribution of Responsibility for Stress Scale were employed in a postal survey. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel modelling.
Findings
Most variance was at the individual level, supporting the view that the stress and burnout were overwhelmingly psychological phenomena. Findings suggest the centrality of stress attributed to student misbehaviour in predicting each of the three dimensions of burnout: depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment. Occupational stress attributed to personal failings also negatively predicted personal accomplishment.
Practical implications
The principal implication for practice is that greater emphasis should be placed on effective management of student behaviour when assisting teachers at risk of burnout.
Originality/value
This original study provides new insights into attribution schemas to assist understanding teachers' perceptions and reporting of their occupational stress and burnout in an education system.
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Using the backdrop of an (apparently) extended visit to the West Indies, analogies with key concerns of internal audit are drawn. An unusual and refreshing way of exploring the…
Abstract
Using the backdrop of an (apparently) extended visit to the West Indies, analogies with key concerns of internal audit are drawn. An unusual and refreshing way of exploring the main themes ‐ a discussion between Bill and Jack on tour in the islands ‐ forms the debate. Explores the concepts of control, necessary procedures, fraud and corruption, supporting systems, creativity and chaos, and building a corporate control facility.
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