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1 – 10 of over 2000Ali Awni and Karim Shafei
A project was launched in December 2005 to assess the export readiness of Egyptian apparel companies registered for the Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZ) protocol, a market access…
Abstract
Purpose
A project was launched in December 2005 to assess the export readiness of Egyptian apparel companies registered for the Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZ) protocol, a market access agreement between Egypt, the USA and Israel. The main objective of the project is to gain a better understanding of those companies, their nature, their capabilities and their potential to export.
Design/methodology/approach
An export readiness score is introduced to determine the export maturity of the QIZ apparel companies. A structure questionnaire was designed to measure the company's ability to address the various requirements of exporting. Furthermore, a brief tour of the facilities was used to assess health and safety measures, and to validate the data.
Findings
The export maturity is classified into four stages, and it was found that on average companies in the same export readiness maturity stage exhibit similar strengths and weaknesses.
Practical implications
This finding enables the development of upgrading policies to improve the export capabilities of companies according to their stage of maturity.
Originality/value
The paper presents an export readiness score that enables top management of each company and upgrading organizations to target the areas that will result in improving the score, and thus the export capability of the companies.
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Eugene D. Jaffe and Hanoch Pasternak
Proposes and tests a model for determining export intention amongnon‐exporting small and medium‐sized manufacturers. The model positsthat export intention is a function of three…
Abstract
Proposes and tests a model for determining export intention among non‐exporting small and medium‐sized manufacturers. The model posits that export intention is a function of three constructs: perceived competitive advantage, organizational readiness and perceived risk. Testing was done on a probability sample of Mexican firms. The results show that intention is explained only by organizational readiness. Explains the use of the organizational readiness concept both as a screening and as a diagnostic tool.
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Deirdre Grondin and Norbert Schaefer
Determines whether gender or other factors account for the exportbehaviour of small and medium‐sized enterprises in New Brunswick,Canada. Suggests that, although gender does play…
Abstract
Determines whether gender or other factors account for the export behaviour of small and medium‐sized enterprises in New Brunswick, Canada. Suggests that, although gender does play a role in the nature of small or medium‐sized enterprises in New Brunswick, it is not the primary determinant of export behaviour.
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Ratna Achuta Paluri and Girish Ranjan Mishra
This case study will allow students to critically analyse and develop entry strategies into untapped foreign markets. The case study was designed to introduce students to…
Abstract
Learning outcomes
This case study will allow students to critically analyse and develop entry strategies into untapped foreign markets. The case study was designed to introduce students to identifying and analysing information related to target markets for expansions in international business.
The main objectives of this case are to evaluate and make the “Go Global” decision for the company; to take a position on entry timing for a company for entering an overseas market; to select a country for entry based on cultural, administrative, geographic and economic analysis and other relevant factors; and to evaluate a firm’s readiness for exports.
Case overview/synopsis
This case study on Satya Pharmaceuticals presents a typical dilemma faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets such as India while exploring the untapped overseas markets to expand their business. Satya Pharmaceuticals produced over-the-counter Ayurvedic medicines. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the consumer preference for Ayurvedic products had increased globally. Home country governments’ emphasis on exports and conducive consumer preferences created an opportune time for such SMEs to explore uncharted markets with a propensity for herbal medicines. Amidst strict regulations regarding safety, efficacy, labelling and packaging norms, along with a subjective understanding of the consumers’ sentiments regarding alternate medicines, SMEs had to select their target market carefully for their products to be successful overseas. This case study presents the basic information that entrepreneurs needed to explore the foreign markets. It revolved around checking firms’ preparedness to explore foreign markets, identifying target markets, timing the entry and entering those markets.
Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for graduate-level courses in management that offer subjects such as international business.
Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
Subject code
CSS 5: International business.
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Business, management, workers and governments are responding to global imperatives. These imperatives include marketing. The origins of global marketing lie in exporting. Presents…
Abstract
Business, management, workers and governments are responding to global imperatives. These imperatives include marketing. The origins of global marketing lie in exporting. Presents and analyses data relating to small businesses in Australia which currently export or which plan to export. Thirty‐five per cent of small businesses which consider it feasible to export have no plans to do so. The reasons for this export rejection are analysed. Other critical factors such as motivation to export; source of expert advice; and problems experienced with developing export markets are also reported and analysed. Provides recommendations as to how to increase the participation rate of small business in the growing global economy.
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This study investigates the impact of big data analytics capabilities on export performance. Moreover, it assesses the mediating effect of the supply chain innovation and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the impact of big data analytics capabilities on export performance. Moreover, it assesses the mediating effect of the supply chain innovation and moderating effect of supply chain agility.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on primary data that were collected from the manufacturing sector operating in Jordan. A total of 327 responses were used for the final data analysis. Data analysis was performed via a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach.
Findings
The results of the data analysis supported a positive relationship between big data analytics capabilities and the export performance as well as a mediating effect of supply chain innovation. It was confirmed that supply chain agility moderated the relationship of supply chain innovation and export performance.
Originality/value
This study developed a theoretical and empirical model to investigate the relationship between big data analytics capabilities, export performance, supply chain innovation and supply chain agility. This study offers new theoretical and managerial contributions that add value to the supply chain management literature by testing the moderated-mediated model of these constructs in the manufacturing sector in Jordan.
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Jenri MP Panjaitan, Rudi Prasetya Timur and Sumiyana Sumiyana
This study aims to acknowledge that most Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience slow growth. It highlighted that this sluggishness is because of some…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to acknowledge that most Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience slow growth. It highlighted that this sluggishness is because of some falsification of Indonesia’s ecological psychology. It focuses on investigating the situated cognition that probably supports this falsification, such as affordance, a community of practice, embodiment and the legitimacy of peripheral participation situated cognition and social intelligence theories.
Design/methodology/approach
This study obtained data from published newspapers between October 2016 and February 2019. The authors used the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis and the J48 C.45 algorithm. The authors analyzed the data using the emergence of news probability for both the Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Indonesian society and the situated cognition concerning the improvement of the SMEs. The authors inferred ecological psychology from these published newspapers in Indonesia that the engaged actions were still suppressed, in comparison with being and doing.
Findings
This study contributes to the innovation and leadership policies of the SMEs’ managerial systems and the GoI. After this study identified the backward-looking practices, which the GoI and the people of Indonesia held, this study recommended some policies to help create a forward-looking orientation. The second one is also a policy for the GoI, which needs to reduce the discrepancy between the signified and the signifier, as recommended by the structuralist theory. The last one is suggested by the social learning theory; policies are needed that relate to developing the SMEs’ beliefs, attitudes and behavior. It means that the GoI should prepare the required social contexts, which are in motoric production and reinforcement. Explicitly, the authors argue that the GoI facilitates SMEs by emphasizing the internal learning process.
Research limitations/implications
The authors present some possibilities for the limitations of this research. The authors took into account that this study assumes the SMEs are all the same, without industrial clustering. It considers that the need for social learning and social cognition by the unclustered industries is equal. Second, the authors acknowledge that Indonesia is an emerging country, and its economic structure has three levels of contributors; the companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, then the SMEs and the lowest level is the underground economy. Third, the authors did not distinguish the levels of success for the empowerment programs that are conducted by either the GoI or the local governments. This study recognizes that the authors did not measure success levels. It means that the authors only focused on the knowledge content.
Practical implications
From these pieces of evidence, this study constructed its strategies. The authors offer three kinds of policies. The first is the submission of special allocation funds from which the GoI and local governments develop their budgets for the SMEs’ social learning and social cognition. The second is the development of social learning and social cognition’s curricula for both the SMEs’ owners and executive officers. The third is the need for a national knowledge repository for all the Indonesian SMEs. This repository is used for the dissemination of knowledge.
Originality/value
This study raises argumental novelties with some of the critical reasoning. First, the authors argue that the sluggishness of the Indonesian SMEs is because of some fallacies in their social cognition. This social cognition is derived from the cultural knowledge that the GoI and people of Indonesia disclosed in the newspapers. This study shows the falsifications from the three main perspectives of the structuration, structuralist and social learning theories. Second, this study can elaborate on the causal factor for the sluggishness of Indonesia’s SMEs, which can be explained by philosophical science, especially its fallacies (Hundleby, 2010; Magnus and Callender, 2004). The authors expand the causal factors for each gap in every theory, which determined the SMEs’ sluggishness through the identification of inconsistencies in each dimension of their structuration, structuralism and social learning. This study focused on the fallacy of philosophical science that explains the misconceptions about the SMEs’ improvement because of faulty reasoning, which causes the wrong moves to be made in the future (Dorr, 2017; Pielke, 1999).
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Huda Khan, Nadia Zahoor, Ahmad Arslan and Zaheer Khan
This study aims to understand the dynamics underpinning the exit and re-entry strategies adopted by multinational enterprises (MNEs) in an emerging market, Pakistan.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to understand the dynamics underpinning the exit and re-entry strategies adopted by multinational enterprises (MNEs) in an emerging market, Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
This study undertook an in-depth historical case study of Yamaha Motorcycles, which had initially entered Pakistan as a joint venture but had then exited and re-entered as a wholly owned subsidiary.
Findings
This study found that, despite its status as a market leader and one of the older players in the Pakistani market, changing market dynamics in the 2000s – especially the increased competition brought by more affordable (inexpensive) Chinese motorcycles and the weak enforcement of industrial policies – had pushed Yamaha Motorcycles to exit. Another factor that had contributed to its exit were differences in risk perception and strategies with its local joint venture partner (a Pakistani business group). Hence, both firm-level and institutional factors had played significant roles in Yamaha’s market exit. This study further found that re-entering in a wholly owned subsidiary operation mode had been beneficial for the firm, as it gained a significant market share due to its focus on innovation and on capturing a market niche, which had earlier not been its main focus. The findings also suggest that opportunity logics and multiple forms of learning can be important for a firm’s re-entry into a host market – such as experiential (i.e. learning from experience) and vicarious learning (i.e. learning from other organizations, including suppliers and competitors) in an emerging market context, in which institutions evolve amid political and policy uncertainty. Finally, this study found that exit and re-entry timing is an important factor for the development of competitive advantage in a host market.
Originality/value
This study is among the few to have investigated the exit and re-entry strategies of MNEs in emerging markets. The relatively short time during which Yamaha Motorcycles had been out of the market had benefited it on its re-entry, as the firm had been able to capitalize on its prior learning and ties to suppliers’ networks.
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Mara Mataveli, Juan Carlos Ayala and Alfonso J. Gil
Few studies have analysed the determinants of exports in emerging economies, which are critical in the exporting reality of firms. Two variables decisively affect the export…
Abstract
Purpose
Few studies have analysed the determinants of exports in emerging economies, which are critical in the exporting reality of firms. Two variables decisively affect the export performance of firms – their size and their export experience. This paper analyses the relationship between size and export experience in the export intensity of Brazilian firms. In addition, it considers two variables (location and sector) that identify firms in Brazil and could affect their export intensity. This research answers the question of which characteristics of Brazilian companies determine their export intensity.
Design/methodology/approach
A statistically significant sample of 318 firms is collected from Brazilian exporting companies. Regression analysis is performed, and data describing the relationship between the export determinants and the export intensity of Brazilian firms are presented. Three evaluation models are proposed. In the first, the location and sector variables are considered. In the second, the firm size, firm location and sector are presented. In the third, the firm size, export experience, location and sector are proposed.
Findings
The results of the third model confirm that only export experience is statistically significant. Therefore, there is no relationship between firms' size, location and sector and export intensity for companies in Brazil.
Originality/value
This work shows the organisational characteristics that affect export performance in Brazil from the firm’s perspective; these are aspects that have been analysed less in emerging economies.
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Mara Mataveli, Juan Carlos Ayala and Alfonso J. Gil
Banks play a crucial role in the sustainable development of exports as they finance much of the trade. Additionally, in Brazil's case, banks provide exporting companies with…
Abstract
Purpose
Banks play a crucial role in the sustainable development of exports as they finance much of the trade. Additionally, in Brazil's case, banks provide exporting companies with advisory and training services, which facilitate the internationalization process. This work aims to analyze the role of public and private banks in the export process of companies in Brazil.
Design/methodology/approach
Interviews are conducted with a sample of 318 Brazilian exporting companies. Two research questions are posed: What type of export services do companies use from public and private banks in Brazil? Is exporting companies' access to credit, as a type of banking service, related to their size or export experience? A descriptive study of the functions of public and private banks in helping Brazilian exports is presented. Hypotheses are proposed regarding companies' access to credit and its relationship with their size and export experience.
Findings
It is found that public and private banks in Brazil provide exporting companies with banking services, other services related to technical aspects, and export consulting. There are significant differences in access to credit in both public and private banks, depending on the exporting company's size.
Originality/value
This work contributes to the internationalization literature on the role of banks in supporting exports in an emerging country like Brazil.
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