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Article
Publication date: 21 June 2013

Osama Bedair

The paper aims to review recent developments for analysis of deteriorating stiffened panels subjected to static and explosive forces.

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to review recent developments for analysis of deteriorating stiffened panels subjected to static and explosive forces.

Design/methodology/approach

The first part reviews numerical procedures developed for stiffened panels subjected to explosive forces. The structural idealization, the theoretical basis, and the merits of these methods are discussed. The second part reviews the probabilistic procedures developed for analysis of deteriorating stiffened panels. The third part reviews recent work developed in several finite element modelling philosophies for analysis of stiffened panels. The influence of various parameters affecting the structural performance, such as geometric and material imperfections, corrosion, residual stresses, etc. is discussed. The fourth part reviews hybrid procedures developed to provide approximate solutions for the designers. Numerical procedure is presented using combination of energy formulations and mathematical programming techniques to model the interaction between the box girder components.

Findings

Localized damage largely affects the performance of stiffened panels and must be accounted for in the design phase. Little emphasis was given in the published literature to developing simplified analytical models that can be used in practice to compute the residual strength of the stiffened panels under these types of loadings. Furthermore, analytical expressions are required to compute the reduction in the stiffness induced due to the structural or material defects. These expressions must be dependent on the type of damage. It must be noted that some of this damages is localized in nature and must be accounted for by using specialized functions to assess the structural defect accurately. Research work is required in this direction.

Practical implications

The paper provides useful resource material for the engineers in practice regarding recent techniques developed to assess damaged stiffened panels subject to static and explosive loadings. The paper reviews work developed over the past 20 years that can be used as a baseline for future developments.

Originality/value

Very limited literature dealt with the ultimate strength of damaged stiffened structure under static and explosive forces. No guidelines are available in current design codes to assess the damage in predicting the strength of deteriorating stiffened panels.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2011

Robert Bogue

This paper aims to provide a review of the uses of gas sensors to detect explosives' vapours and chemical warfare agents (CWAs).

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a review of the uses of gas sensors to detect explosives' vapours and chemical warfare agents (CWAs).

Design/methodology/approach

Following a brief introduction, this paper first considers the use of gas sensors to detect explosives. Second, gas sensors that respond to CWAs are discussed. Some mentioned is made of commercial devices but the emphasis is on emerging technologies and recent research.

Findings

Detecting explosives is an emerging application for gas sensors. Despite some commercial products, it is the topic of a major research effort and poses a significant technological challenge due to the very low vapour concentrations involved. Many optical and solid‐state techniques are under development and some have shown ppt levels of resolution to TNT and allied compounds. Detecting CWAs is a far more mature application and many products exist, often based on analytical methods. Nevertheless, research into improved sensing techniques continues, frequently aimed at detecting ppb concentrations of nerve agents. Much of this research is aimed at meeting the needs of, and is being funded by, the US military and security agencies.

Originality/value

This paper provides a technical review of recent developments in the use of gas sensors to detect explosives and CWAs.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 1995

Charles Crawford

Describes the ways in which commercial buildings can be protectedfrom explosive devices, and a variety of modern methods which are costeffective and successful. Analyses major…

560

Abstract

Describes the ways in which commercial buildings can be protected from explosive devices, and a variety of modern methods which are cost effective and successful. Analyses major threats from terrorists and criminal gangs who target facilities, and lists the four steps of explosive management. Also provides detailed information on the different kinds of glass, doors, walls, floors, etc., that should be installed for a safer building. Finally, outlines mandatory building requirements.

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2004

Trevor Turner, Veronica Martinez and Umit Bititci

This paper introduces a reference model for the life cycle of a logical business unit (LBU). It goes on to explain how the model was deduced from empirical data generated during…

3555

Abstract

This paper introduces a reference model for the life cycle of a logical business unit (LBU). It goes on to explain how the model was deduced from empirical data generated during participation by the authors in a series of change management interventions in various organisations situated in the West of Scotland. Case studies are used from these interventions to illustrate how the application of reliability‐engineering concepts was used to explore the performance of business processes in delivering stakeholder value. It is recommended that “generate” “decommission” and “remedial” business processes are added to a widely used business process framework. This new framework when used for lifecycle planning of LBUs in conjunction with the LBU life cycle model can assist businesses in reliable delivery of stakeholder value.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 34 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0960-0035

Keywords

Abstract

Details

Quantitative and Empirical Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Macromodels
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44452-122-4

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1992

Ted Willhoft

A recent case of a criminal prosecution using the 1987 ConsumerProtection Act Part 2 was applied to the serious eye injury of ateenager resulting from the explosive separation of…

Abstract

A recent case of a criminal prosecution using the 1987 Consumer Protection Act Part 2 was applied to the serious eye injury of a teenager resulting from the explosive separation of a cap from a bottle of Coca‐Cola. The scientific evidence used by the Defence, who were found not guilty, is considered herein to be flawed and its value challenged. The energy and velocity of missiling caps are calculated for a range of pressure and headspace volumes. The energy of a missiling cap was shown to increase approximately linearly with pressure and/or headspace volume. Missiling velocities of up to 12 m/s are achievable on a 70 per cent vacuity and it is shown that, for a typical product pressure of 34 psig (2.31 bar), a headspace of 0.82 litres is capable of projecting a cap at sonic velocity. This raises disturbing questions, inter alia, about the wisdom of continuing to market large three‐litre packs of carbonated drinks. Headspace of carbonated drinks should be kept as low as the filling plant will allow; this reduces the ballistic energy when premature separation of the cap occurs. Applying a permanent hinge, linking the cap to the security ring, would prevent injuries from explosive separation of a cap from the neck of a bottle. Introducing a system of assessors into the legal procedures in a complex hearing is proposed, in view of the higher burden of proof required in criminal actions such as the one described.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 94 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Abstract

Details

Quantitative and Empirical Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Macromodels
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44452-122-4

Article
Publication date: 14 August 2007

Hans Günter Holl

The paper is intended to show, that Bateson and Korzybski have a strong common ground for their “ecological”, respectively, “anti‐aristotelian” critique of modern mentality…

415

Abstract

Purpose

The paper is intended to show, that Bateson and Korzybski have a strong common ground for their “ecological”, respectively, “anti‐aristotelian” critique of modern mentality insofar, as both reject the metaphysical doctrine of identity, identified by both as “Aristotelianism”. Instead of this, they postulate a concept of the mind based on differences (like the map‐territory‐relation) and patterns or mathematical structures.

Design/methodology/approach

By analysing the various facets of Aristotelian tradition, including the critical impact of logic, the paralysing effect of dogmatic scholasticism and the explosive force of negation, the text demonstrate that the identity of substance can, depending on context, promote the adventure of knowledge or forestall it.

Findings

The reflection of context implies, also to reflect the context of context and so forth. After all, there is no justification for postulating substitutes of the absolute such as Korzybski's “Alpha‐Object” oder Bateson's “MindGod”.

Originality/value

Original in the paper is the revision of Korzybski's map‐territory‐relation. As both, map and territory, are abstractions, a map can promise the territory as a score promises the music. So, Korzybski's famous reminder should read: “A map is not yet the territory”.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 36 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 August 2021

Xu Li, Yixiao Fan, Haoyang Yu, Haitao Zhou, Haibo Feng and Yili Fu

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel jump control method based on Two Mass Spring Damp Inverted Pendulum (TMS-DIP) model, which makes the third generation of hydraulic…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel jump control method based on Two Mass Spring Damp Inverted Pendulum (TMS-DIP) model, which makes the third generation of hydraulic driven wheel-legged robot prototype (WLR-3P) achieve stable jumping.

Design/methodology/approach

First, according to the configuration of the WLR, a TMS-DIP model is proposed to simplify the dynamic model of the robot. Then the jumping process is divided into four stages: thrust, ascent, descent and compression, and each stage is modeled and solved independently based on TMS-DIP model. Through WLR-3P kinematics, the trajectory of the upper and lower centroids of the TMS-DIP model can be mapped to the joint space of the robot. The corresponding control strategies are proposed for jumping height, landing buffer, jumping attitude and robotic balance, so as to realize the stable jump control of the WLR.

Findings

The TMS-DIP model proposed in this paper can simplify the WLR dynamic model and provide a simple and effective tool for the jumping trajectory planning of the robot. The proposed approach is suitable for hydraulic WLR jumping control. The performance of the proposed wheel-legged jump method was verified by experiments on WLR-3P.

Originality/value

This work provides an effective model (TMS-DIP) for the jump control of WLR-3P. The results showed that the number of landing shock (twice) and the pitch angle fluctuation range (0.44 rad) of center of mass of the jump control method based on TMS-DIP model are smaller than those based on spring-loaded inverted pendulum model. Therefore, the TMS-DIP model makes the jumping process of WLR more stable and gentler.

Details

Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. 49 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1990

Kenneth Andrew

This monograph covers a number of key articlesand presentations by the author over the lastdecade. The points contained in them reflect aclear belief based on experience of…

Abstract

This monograph covers a number of key articles and presentations by the author over the last decade. The points contained in them reflect a clear belief based on experience of creating significant cultural change so that banks become more market‐driven and customer‐orientated. Many of the forecasts made in the articles have become a reality in the marketplace. This monograph begins with a description of changes over the last decade: the introduction of the marketing function into banks, consumer responses, new competitors, technological developments, and the impact of Government. Marketing has faced many difficulties in the banking industry and competitive breakthroughs have not been easy to achieve. Many leaders in the industry believe in business/marketing strategy evolving in close association with IT planning – this is the second topic, IT support may be crucial. The importance of advertising and management of agency relationships is the subject of Chapter 3 – how can it be effectively used? Chapter 4 looks at the ways in which the consumer is presently getting a better deal; Chapter 5 describes the marketing success of the NatWest Piggy Bank within the context of a changing marketing culture. A wider repertoire of marketing techniques are used in the USA (Chapter 6) but if they are to be used in the same way here then the situation will need to approximate more closely to that of the USA – credit and credit cards are the particular focus and the US market is more aggressive. Chapters 7‐9 look at the future of financial services marketing from the retailer′s perspective – the retailer′s detailed approach to a possible new business has distinctive strengths, but their actual opportunities in this market may be restricted to an extent by, for example, inexperience and so lower credibility as vendors of some specialised services like investment management. Chapter 10 appraises the value and strategic nature of market research. Chapter 11 considers the movement of building societies into the wider personal financial services marketplace, the product′s role in the marketing mix, and the impact of the Single Market in Europe. Chapter 12 singles out the cost‐effective technique of automated vetting of customers′ creditworthiness from the special viewpoint of the building society. The monograph concludes with a discussion of the changing market and future prospects: the world of finance is no longer simple; money is no longer the common denominator; the consumer is now the focus; competition to provide services is fierce; the future is exciting!

Details

International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 8 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-2323

Keywords

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