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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1992

John Conway O'Brien

A collection of essays by a social economist seeking to balanceeconomics as a science of means with the values deemed necessary toman′s finding the good life and society enduring…

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Abstract

A collection of essays by a social economist seeking to balance economics as a science of means with the values deemed necessary to man′s finding the good life and society enduring as a civilized instrumentality. Looks for authority to great men of the past and to today′s moral philosopher: man is an ethical animal. The 13 essays are: 1. Evolutionary Economics: The End of It All? which challenges the view that Darwinism destroyed belief in a universe of purpose and design; 2. Schmoller′s Political Economy: Its Psychic, Moral and Legal Foundations, which centres on the belief that time‐honoured ethical values prevail in an economy formed by ties of common sentiment, ideas, customs and laws; 3. Adam Smith by Gustav von Schmoller – Schmoller rejects Smith′s natural law and sees him as simply spreading the message of Calvinism; 4. Pierre‐Joseph Proudhon, Socialist – Karl Marx, Communist: A Comparison; 5. Marxism and the Instauration of Man, which raises the question for Marx: is the flowering of the new man in Communist society the ultimate end to the dialectical movement of history?; 6. Ethical Progress and Economic Growth in Western Civilization; 7. Ethical Principles in American Society: An Appraisal; 8. The Ugent Need for a Consensus on Moral Values, which focuses on the real dangers inherent in there being no consensus on moral values; 9. Human Resources and the Good Society – man is not to be treated as an economic resource; man′s moral and material wellbeing is the goal; 10. The Social Economist on the Modern Dilemma: Ethical Dwarfs and Nuclear Giants, which argues that it is imperative to distinguish good from evil and to act accordingly: existentialism, situation ethics and evolutionary ethics savour of nihilism; 11. Ethical Principles: The Economist′s Quandary, which is the difficulty of balancing the claims of disinterested science and of the urge to better the human condition; 12. The Role of Government in the Advancement of Cultural Values, which discusses censorship and the funding of art against the background of the US Helms Amendment; 13. Man at the Crossroads draws earlier themes together; the author makes the case for rejecting determinism and the “operant conditioning” of the Skinner school in favour of the moral progress of autonomous man through adherence to traditional ethical values.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 19 no. 3/4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1984

SHINZO TAKATSU

For decision‐makers, the cognitive limit is one of the most critical factors which determine the quality of decisions, when they do not have enough information about their…

Abstract

For decision‐makers, the cognitive limit is one of the most critical factors which determine the quality of decisions, when they do not have enough information about their decision environment, and when they must strike a balance between conflicting objectives within a time limit. In such a situation, their decision‐making is often characterized by satisficing behaviors with multiple objectives under uncertainty. This paper aims to formulate a multiple‐objective satisficing problem and to study its fundamental properties, such as (1) existence of collectively satisficing solutions, (2) relationship among collectively satisficing solutions, Pareto satisficing solutions, weak Pareto satisficing solutions and max‐min solutions, and (3) characterization of Pareto satisficing solutions and of weak Pareto satisficing solutions.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 17 August 2021

Mohammed Moussa, Abdelqoddous Moussa and Hatim Mazan

In this paper, the authors give a new version of the sub-super solution method and prove the existence of positive solution for a (p, q)-Laplacian system under weak assumptions…

Abstract

Purpose

In this paper, the authors give a new version of the sub-super solution method and prove the existence of positive solution for a (p, q)-Laplacian system under weak assumptions than usually made in such systems. In particular, nonlinearities need not be monotone or positive.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors prove that the sub-super solution method can be proved by the Shcauder fixed-point theorem and use the method to prove the existence of a positive solution in elliptic systems, which appear in some problems of population dynamics.

Findings

The results complement and generalize some results already published for similar problems.

Originality/value

The result is completely new and does not appear elsewhere and will be a reference for this line of research.

Details

Arab Journal of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 29 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1319-5166

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2006

A. Bahlaoui, A. Raji and M. Hasnaoui

The aim of this work consists of studying numerically the coupling between natural convection and radiation in a tall rectangular cavity by examining the effect of the emissivity…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this work consists of studying numerically the coupling between natural convection and radiation in a tall rectangular cavity by examining the effect of the emissivity of the walls, ε, the Rayleigh number, Ra, and the inclination of the cavity, θ, on the flow characteristics and the existence ranges of the multiple solutions obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

The Navier‐Stokes equations were discretized by using a finite difference technique. The vorticity and energy equations were solved by the alternating direction implicit method. Values of the stream function were obtained by using the point successive over‐relaxation method. The calculation of the radiative heat exchange between the walls of the cavity is based on the radiosity method.

Findings

For an inclined cavity (θ=45°), up to four different solutions are obtained and their range of existence is found to be strongly dependent on the Rayleigh number and the emissivity of the cavity walls. In the case of a vertical cavity (θ=90°), the weak reduction of the convection effect due to radiation is largely compensated for by the contribution of the radiation which enhances the overall heat transfer through the cold surface of the cavity and favours the appearance of secondary cells.

Originality/value

The existence of multiple steady‐state solutions in an inclined cavity (θ=45°) and the number of the obtained solutions are affected by the presence of radiation. In face, the increase of the emissivity reduces the number of solutions for weak values of the Rayleigh number. Also, the increase of this parameter favours the multiplicity of solutions for all the considered values of the emissivity. For a vertical cavity (θ=90°), the effect of radiation generates an oscillatory convection for large values of the Rayleigh number.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Elia Marzal

The object of this research is the reconstruction of the existing legal response by European Union states to the phenomenon of immigration. It seeks to analyse the process of

3521

Abstract

Purpose

The object of this research is the reconstruction of the existing legal response by European Union states to the phenomenon of immigration. It seeks to analyse the process of conferral of protection.

Design/methodology/approach

One main dimension is selected and discussed: the case law of the national courts. The study focuses on the legal status of immigrants resulting from the intervention of these national courts.

Findings

The research shows that although the courts have conferred an increasing protection on immigrants, this has not challenged the fundamental principle of the sovereignty of the states to decide, according to their discretionary prerogatives, which immigrants are allowed to enter and stay in their territories. Notwithstanding the differences in the general constitutional and legal structures, the research also shows that the courts of the three countries considered – France, Germany and Spain – have progressively moved towards converging solutions in protecting immigrants.

Originality/value

The research contributes to a better understanding of the different legal orders analysed.

Details

Managerial Law, vol. 48 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0558

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 8 March 2021

Md Abu Hanif Sarkar

The purpose of this paper is to find a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation of fast diffusion in a bounded domain.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation of fast diffusion in a bounded domain.

Design/methodology/approach

For positive and bounded initial data, the authors study the initial zero-boundary value problem.

Findings

The findings of this study showed the complete extinction of a continuous weak solution at a finite time.

Originality/value

The extinction time is studied earlier but for the Laplacian case. The authors presented the finite extinction time for the case of p-Laplacian.

Details

Arab Journal of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1319-5166

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1997

Anghel N. Rugina

The equation of unified knowledge says that S = f (A,P) which means that the practical solution to a given problem is a function of the existing, empirical, actual realities and…

3004

Abstract

The equation of unified knowledge says that S = f (A,P) which means that the practical solution to a given problem is a function of the existing, empirical, actual realities and the future, potential, best possible conditions of general stable equilibrium which both pure and practical reason, exhaustive in the Kantian sense, show as being within the realm of potential realities beyond any doubt. The first classical revolution in economic thinking, included in factor “P” of the equation, conceived the economic and financial problems in terms of a model of ideal conditions of stable equilibrium but neglected the full consideration of the existing, actual conditions. That is the main reason why, in the end, it failed. The second modern revolution, included in factor “Aof the equation, conceived the economic and financial problems in terms of the existing, actual conditions, usually in disequilibrium or unstable equilibrium (in case of stagnation) and neglected the sense of right direction expressed in factor “P” or the realization of general, stable equilibrium. That is the main reason why the modern revolution failed in the past and is failing in front of our eyes in the present. The equation of unified knowledge, perceived as a sui generis synthesis between classical and modern thinking has been applied rigorously and systematically in writing the enclosed American‐British economic, monetary, financial and social stabilization plans. In the final analysis, a new economic philosophy, based on a synthesis between classical and modern thinking, called here the new economics of unified knowledge, is applied to solve the malaise of the twentieth century which resulted from a confusion between thinking in terms of stable equilibrium on the one hand and disequilibrium or unstable equilibrium on the other.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 24 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1985

Tomas Riha

Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and, conversely…

2555

Abstract

Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and, conversely, innovative thought structures and attitudes have almost always forced economic institutions and modes of behaviour to adjust. We learn from the history of economic doctrines how a particular theory emerged and whether, and in which environment, it could take root. We can see how a school evolves out of a common methodological perception and similar techniques of analysis, and how it has to establish itself. The interaction between unresolved problems on the one hand, and the search for better solutions or explanations on the other, leads to a change in paradigma and to the formation of new lines of reasoning. As long as the real world is subject to progress and change scientific search for explanation must out of necessity continue.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 12 no. 3/4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1986

Michael SEVER

Difference schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws occasionally converge to an unphysical weak solution, i.e. a weak solution containing discontinuities for which the…

Abstract

Difference schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws occasionally converge to an unphysical weak solution, i.e. a weak solution containing discontinuities for which the entropy condition is violated. These unphysical discontinuities, when they exist as solutions of the difference scheme, tend to exhibit a surprising stability under perturbations. We point out here that this can be explained by an energy inequality, which is valid for the discrete approximation but which is not valid as applied to the differential equation itself. In spite of this difficulty, many simple difference schemes are highly successful at converging to the physically correct weak solution. A mechanism for this is given; we show that for shocks of moderate strength, there are numerous quadratic forms in the dependent variables which can serve effectively as entropy functions, i.e. for which an inequality exists determining the physically correct weak solution. It is shown how the limits of the solutions of a difference scheme will often necessarily satisfy such an inequality; as they are generally weak solutions of the given system, they must thus be the correct weak solutions.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 3 July 2017

Tomáš Neustupa

The paper aims to theoretically study the mathematical model of a steady flow of a heat-conductive incompressible viscous fluid through a spatially periodic plane profile cascade.

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to theoretically study the mathematical model of a steady flow of a heat-conductive incompressible viscous fluid through a spatially periodic plane profile cascade.

Design/methodology/approach

Reduction of the infinite periodical problem to one period. Leray-Schauder fixed point principle was used.

Findings

This study proves the existence of a weak solution for arbitrarily large given data (i.e. the inflow velocity and the acting specific body force).

Practical implications

The author proposed a special boundary condition on the outflow of the domain not only for the velocity and pressure but also for the temperature.

Originality/value

To the author’s knowledge, the problem has not been studied earlier. More detailed overview is given in the paper in the first part.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 27 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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