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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2019

Michelle Maruska Mader and Cássio Aurélio Suski

Transport of people and goods has always been associated with the generation of some form of pollution, whether atmospheric, sound or visual. Managing the urban environment…

Abstract

Purpose

Transport of people and goods has always been associated with the generation of some form of pollution, whether atmospheric, sound or visual. Managing the urban environment presents a major challenge: preserving environmental resources and also ensuring decent living conditions for the current population and for future generations. In the era of motorized and carbonized transport, vehicles are the main source of emission of atmospheric pollutants, mainly in large urban centers and important precursors of ozone. An important advance in minimizing vehicle emissions was the introduction of cleaner and additive fuels into the Brazilian market. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the Dienitro additive on the NOx and CO emissions in buses of collective transport, Diesel S-50 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and S-10 with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and EGR systems. Measurements of CO and NOx gas emissions were carried out using a gas analyzer in S50 and S10 diesel buses with an EGR and SCR systems from a company operating in the collective transport of Biguaçu.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, 20 measurements were performed without additives and 20 measurements with additivation in each bus, making it possible to calculate the average emission rate of CO and NOx, pollutant gases with toxic effect.

Findings

The usage of Dienitro additive in diesel engines resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of polluting gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), thus being efficient in reducing the emissions of these gases.

Originality/value

The Dienitro additive was first tested on diesel engines by public transport buses, and there is great potential for reducing the emission of toxic gases.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 October 2020

Habib Gürbüz

Spark ignition (SI) engines are used in a wide area in the transportation industry, from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft. On the other hand, the decrease in reserves of…

Abstract

Purpose

Spark ignition (SI) engines are used in a wide area in the transportation industry, from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft. On the other hand, the decrease in reserves of fossil fuels used in SI engines and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions makes the use of alternative fuels inevitable. In this paper, optimization of in-cylinder combustion and engine performance parameters by intake-charge conditions [i.e. intake-air temperature, injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)] in a hydrogen (H2)-fueled small SI engine is performed.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental studies were performed at a 1,600 rpm engine speed of a single-cylinder, air-cooled engine having a stroke volume of 476.5 cm3, maximum output power of 13 HP and torque of 25 Nm. The hydrogen-fueled SI engine was operated by a lean air-fuel mixture (ϕ = 0.6) under wide-open throttle (WOT) conditions.

Findings

The findings of the paper show that improvements can be achieved in in-cylinder combustion, indicated engine performance, exhaust NOx emissions with optimum intake-air temperature, the start of H2 injection and the ERG rate.

Practical Implications

It has been determined that a 32°C intake-air temperature, 395°C (bTDC) start of H2 injection, and 5%–10% EGR rates are the most suitable values for the examined hydrogen fueled SI engine.

Originality Value

Hydrogen is a usable alternative fuel for SI engines used in a wide area from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft engines. However, a number of problems remain that limit hydrogen fueled SI engines to some extent, such as backfire, a decrease of engine power, and high NOx emissions. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine the effects of intake-charge conditions on in-cylinder combustion, engine performance, and NOx emissions parameters in a hydrogen fuelled SI engine.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 93 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2021

Pradeep Uttam Gaikwad, Senthil Gnanamani and Nithya Subramani

The purpose of this paper is to find the pressure and the knocking phenomena. To get the pressure values, the butterworth bandpass filter was used and the potential of knocking…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the pressure and the knocking phenomena. To get the pressure values, the butterworth bandpass filter was used and the potential of knocking was found by using peak-to-peak pressure values and also the species concentration. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation was the method used to minimize the knocking occurrence in the engine. Moreover, the effect of premixed methanol and start of engine (SOI) on knocking were also determined.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper deals with the compression ignition engine to investigate the unfavorable knocking behavior. The tests were carried out with the 3D model of engine fueled with waste cooking oil blended with TiO2. A number of tests were taken to find the pressure variation and the species concentration at eight different locations in the computational model.

Findings

In doing the tests, the positive intended outcome was achieved. From results, it is clear that the SOI and premixed methanol mitigated the knocking process.

Originality/value

The species concentration and pressure in the form of filtered signal were proved to be the ideal methods for evaluating the knocking event in the engine.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 94 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1982

F. AULEHLA and G.K. KISSEL

The experience gained since 1959 at MBB, Military Aircraft Division, in the development and flight testing of V/STOL combat aircraft having the capability to reach Mach 2 and to…

Abstract

The experience gained since 1959 at MBB, Military Aircraft Division, in the development and flight testing of V/STOL combat aircraft having the capability to reach Mach 2 and to take off with after‐burning temperatures is described. The German project VJ 101 C and the US/FRG project AVS as well as the joint US/FRG V/STOL Technology Programme conducted during the years 1967 through 1970 serve as examples. The paper consists of two main sections:

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 54 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2014

J. Beauquel, S. Ibrahim and R. Chen

Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the in-cylinder transient flow structure of a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine running at speeds of 1500 rpm and…

1036

Abstract

Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the in-cylinder transient flow structure of a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine running at speeds of 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm. The calculated turbulent flow structure and velocities are validated against published laser doppler anemometry (LDA) experimental data (Pitcher et al., 2003). The experimental data was reprocessed to represent the time dependent mean velocities for all measured points. The actual geometry configuration of the engine is imported into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used in this study. The simulations take into account the movement of the inlet, exhaust valves and the piston. The CFD simulations replicate the experimental work where only air was inserted into a driven optical engine. Also, to simulate an engine in controlled auto-ignition (CAI) mode, the same valve timing that allows 36% internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR) was applied for the air intake. The calculated results found to agree well with the LDA measurements with an overall agreement of 75.06% at 1500 rpm and 73.42% at 2000 rpm.

Article
Publication date: 21 August 2013

J. Beauquel, S. Ibrahim and R. Chen

Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the in-cylinder transient flow structure of a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine running at speeds of 1,500rpm and…

Abstract

Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the in-cylinder transient flow structure of a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine running at speeds of 1,500rpm and 2,000rpm. The calculated turbulent flow structure and velocities are validated against published laser doppler anemometry (LDA) experimental data. The experimental data were re-processed to represent the time dependent mean velocities for all measured points. The actual geometry configuration of the engine is imported into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used in this study. The simulations take into account the movement of the inlet, exhaust valves and the piston. The CFD simulations replicate the experimental work where only air was inserted into a driven optical engine. Also, to simulate an engine in controlled auto-ignition (CAI) mode, the same valve timing that allows 36% internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR) was applied for the air intake. The calculated results are found to agree well with the LDA measurements with an overall agreement of 75.06% at 1,500 rpm and 73.42% at 2,000 rpm.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 1 June 2021

S.V. Khandal, T.M. Yunus Khan, Sarfaraz Kamangar, Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig and Salman Ahmed N J

The different performance tests were conducted on diesel engine compression ignition (CI) mode and CRDi engine.

1099

Abstract

Purpose

The different performance tests were conducted on diesel engine compression ignition (CI) mode and CRDi engine.

Design/methodology/approach

The CI engine was suitably modified to CRDi engine with Toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) and was run in dual-fuel (DF) mode. Hydrogen (H2) was supplied at different flow rates during the suction stroke, and 0.22 Kg/h of hydrogen fuel flow rate (HFFR) was found to be optimum. Diesel and biodiesel were used as pilot fuels. The CRDi engine with DF mode was run at various injection pressures, and 900 bar was found to be optimum injection pressure (IP) with 10o before top dead center (bTDC) as fuel injection timing (IT).

Findings

These operating engine conditions increased formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which were reduced by exhaust gas recycle (EGR). With EGR of 15%, CRDi engine resulted in 12.6% lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 5.5% lower hydrocarbon (HC), 7.7% lower carbon monoxide (CO), 26% lower NOx at 80% load as compared to the unmodified diesel engine (CI mode).

Originality/value

The current research is an effort to study and evaluate the performance of CRDi engine in DF mode with diesel-H2 and BCPO-H2 fuel combinations with TRCC.

Details

Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2634-2499

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2003

Hakan Kaleli

Two 5W‐30 synthetic‐base phosphorus containing (commercial) and phosphorus‐free (P‐free) crankcase oils were tested for engine performance characteristics, engine emissions and…

Abstract

Two 5W‐30 synthetic‐base phosphorus containing (commercial) and phosphorus‐free (P‐free) crankcase oils were tested for engine performance characteristics, engine emissions and poisoning effects of oil additives on a three‐way catalytic converter using engine dynamometer. The emission data of the two oils taken during engine operation were compared in the absence and presence of the catalytic converter. Surface characterization was used to determine the poisoning catalyst effect accumulated from the oil additives in the ceramic washcoat. Oil analyses were also used to examine the condition of the lubricant occurred during engine performance testing operation. The experimental engine performance tests indicated that the catalytic converter diminished the torque and power for the commercial and P‐free oils, whereas the specific fuel consumption increased for both oils in the presence of the catalytic converter.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 55 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2016

Ganji Prabhakar Rao, Vipin Dhyani, Deepak Kumar, V.R.K. Raju and S. Srinivasa Rao

This paper aims to present the effects of varying different operating parameters such as Start of Injection (9 to 21 deg bTDC), compression ratio (16 to 12.5), fuel injection…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the effects of varying different operating parameters such as Start of Injection (9 to 21 deg bTDC), compression ratio (16 to 12.5), fuel injection pressure (400 to 1,400 bar) and exhaust gas recirculation (0 to 25 per cent) on the performance and emissions of the engine for constant engine speed of 1,600 rpm.

Design/methodology/approach

Simulation results were validated with experimental data available in the literature for baseline configuration. The effect of each parameter on the performance characteristics such as pressure and temperature, emission characteristics such as NOx and soot are presented and discussed. Optimization has been carried out based on the regression equations developed from the simulation results to obtain the optimum set of the parameters to achieve the desired performance and emissions. Numerical simulations have been performed for the optimized set and compared with the reference engine.

Findings

Results of optimization showed that there was a simultaneous reduction in NOx and soot while maintaining the same level of performance as that of the baseline case.

Originality/value

Based on the present work, it can be said that lesser emissions are achieved in terms of NOx and soot while maintaining the same performance in terms of peak pressure.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 March 2017

De-Xing Peng

To prolong engine life and reduce exhaust pollution caused by gasoline engines, the aim of this paper was to compare the lubrication properties of biofuel (ethanol) blends and…

Abstract

Purpose

To prolong engine life and reduce exhaust pollution caused by gasoline engines, the aim of this paper was to compare the lubrication properties of biofuel (ethanol) blends and pure unleaded gasoline.

Design/methodology/approach

Biofuels with a concentration of 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 per cent were added to unleaded gasoline to form ethanol-blended fuels named E0, E1, E2, E5 and E10. Next, the ethanol-blended fuels and unleaded gasoline were used to power engines to facilitate comparisons between the pollution created from exhaust emissions.

Findings

Using ethanol as a fuel additive in pure unleaded gasoline improves engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions. Because bioethanol does not contain lead but contains low aromatic and high oxygen content, it induces more complete combustion compared with conventional unleaded gasoline.

Originality/value

Using biofuels as auxiliary fuel reduces environmental pollution, strengthens local agricultural economy, creates employment opportunities and reduces demand for fossil fuels.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 69 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

1 – 10 of 171