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1 – 10 of over 1000David Schmidt, Keira Robinson and Emma Webster
This study explored attrition from a novice health researcher training program. The aim of this paper was to identify factors contributing to attrition from the RRCBP that if…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explored attrition from a novice health researcher training program. The aim of this paper was to identify factors contributing to attrition from the RRCBP that if understood could decrease attrition from this standalone researcher training program.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a capacity building framework, this case-control study compared demographic characteristics and features of 30 withdrawn research trainees to 68 graduated trainees from the Rural Research Capacity Building Program, run by the Health Education and Training Institute of New South Wales, Australia between 2006 and 2010. Data were analysed using Exact Logistic Regression, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests.
Findings
An attrition rate of 29 per cent was associated with a range of individual, organisational and supra-organisational factors. Withdrawals occurred prior to ethics submission (n=13, 43 per cent), after unsuccessful ethics submission (n=8, 27 per cent), or after receiving ethics approval (n=9, 30 per cent). Clinicians were less likely to withdraw than non-clinical staff (p=0.03). Profession, project ownership, funding sources and type of research were not significant factors in attrition, while the effect of location was mixed indicating a potential impact of peer support networks in areas with high numbers of trainees.
Practical implications
This research demonstrates attrition from a research training program is associated with trainees receiving appropriate and timely support. In the formative stages researchers require support, particularly those working in professional or geographical isolation.
Originality/value
This study is the first of its kind in examining in detail reasons for withdrawal from a standalone research training program and will allow coordinators of similar programs to target support to vulnerable research trainees at critical time points.
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Laurens Holmes, Sequoia Jackson, Alexandra LaHurd, Pat Oceanic, Kelli Grant and Kirk Dabney
The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of obesity/overweight using higher body mass index (BMI), assess racial/ethnic variance in overweight/obese prevalence, and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of obesity/overweight using higher body mass index (BMI), assess racial/ethnic variance in overweight/obese prevalence, and to determine whether or not insurance status explains the variance.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional design was used to assess medical records of children in Nemours Healthcare System during 2011. The authors reviewed the records and extracted information on normal BMI, BMI percent, higher BMI, prevalence of overweight/obese and other variables as well as race and ethnicity. χ2 statistic, Fischer's exact and logistic regression model were used to examine the data.
Findings
Overall, the prevalence of higher BMI as overweight/obese was comparable to that of the US pediatric population, 33.4 percent. Compared to Caucasian/white, Asians were less likely to have higher BMI, prevalence odd ratio (POR)=0.79, 95 percent CI=0.70-0.90, but Blacks/African Americans (POR=1.22, 95 percent CI=1.18-1.27) and Some other Race were more likely to have higher BMI, POR=1.61, 95 percent CI=1.92-1.71. After controlling for insurance status, the racial disparities in higher BMI persisted; p<0.0001.
Research limitations/implications
Racial/ethnic disparities exist in childhood higher BMI, which were not removed after controlling for insurance coverage as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. These findings are indicative of assessing sex, religious, dietary patterns, physical activities level, environmental resources, social media resources; and geographic locale as confounders in race/ethnicity and higher BMI association.
Originality/value
Understanding the predisposing factors to obesity/overweight among diverse populations is essential in developing and implementing intervention programs in addressing this epidemic in our nation.
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Bill Dimovski, Rebecca Ratcliffe, Christopher Ratcliffe, Monica Keneley and Scott Salzman
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of Australian Real Estate Investment Trust (A-REIT) initial public offering (IPO) dividend forecasts between 1994 and 2016.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of Australian Real Estate Investment Trust (A-REIT) initial public offering (IPO) dividend forecasts between 1994 and 2016.
Design/methodology/approach
This study compares the dividend forecasts of A-REIT IPOs for the first dividend forecast period in the prospectus, with the actual dividend declared for that forecast period. As well as simple descriptive summary measures, this study also employs an exact logistic regression approach to examine the factors that might influence the IPOs achieving or exceeding the dividend forecast.
Findings
The study identifies that the dividends declared, on average, were greater than the dividend forecast and that more than nine out of ten of the IPOs listed after 1999 achieved or exceeded their prospectus forecast. In addition the authors observe positive mean forecast errors, suggesting dividend forecasts in A-REIT IPOs, are cautiously biased. This is in contrast to the industrial company data reported in Brown et al. (2000) which suggest dividend forecasts are optimistically biased. The study also finds the A-REIT IPOs that did not forecast a dividend, generally did not pay a dividend.
Practical implications
The results will inform dividend seeking institutional and retail investors of the investment opportunities in A-REIT IPOs.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the discussion of the relative predictability of dividends of A-REIT IPOs compared to industrial company IPOs.
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Suzanne E.U. Kerns, Erin McCormick, Andrea Negrete, Cathea Carey, Wren Haaland and Scott Waller
While evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPIs) are proven effective at addressing numerous emotional and behavioral health challenges for children and youth, and reduce…
Abstract
Purpose
While evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPIs) are proven effective at addressing numerous emotional and behavioral health challenges for children and youth, and reduce rates of child maltreatment, they are often not well implemented in the real-world settings. Even with the state-of-the art training, many practitioners do not deliver the intervention, or do so at a reduced capacity. The purpose of this paper is to examine system-contextual implementation factors that predict timely initiation of use of an EBPI (i.e. within the first six months following training). A secondary purpose is to document additional impacts of training.
Design/methodology/approach
Repeated measures were used to collect predictors and the dependent variable. The relationship between participant characteristics and use of the Triple P program was estimated using exact logistic regression.
Findings
The results from 37 practitioners across three communities indicated approximately 54 percent delivered the intervention with at least one family within the first six months following training. Practitioner self-efficacy immediately following training and general attitudes toward evidence-based practices were the most significant predictors of timely use of the model. The vast majority of practitioners, regardless of implementation status, generalized learning from the training to other aspects of their work.
Originality/value
Prospective examination of the predictive value of implementation factors helps to refine targeted approaches to support implementation.
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Jeanine Parolini, Kathleen Patterson and Bruce Winston
Although transformational and servant leadership has been in existence since the 1970s and theoretical assumptions about the differences began in the 1990s, this paper seeks to…
Abstract
Purpose
Although transformational and servant leadership has been in existence since the 1970s and theoretical assumptions about the differences began in the 1990s, this paper seeks to relate the first empirical investigation distinguishing between the two leaders, which was conducted recently by the first author.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a review of the literature, the first author established 19 semantic differential scales and two self‐typing paragraphs to differentiate between the two leaders. The scales and paragraphs were formed into an online survey, reviewed by an expert panel, and distributed to 56 randomly selected contacts where 514 participants responded.
Findings
Through discriminant analysis, five statistically significant (p=0.000) discriminant items were found that differentiated between transformational and servant leadership.
Research limitations/implications
The paper proposes that the five statistically significant items revealed by the first author's research be brought into future definitions, discussions, and research on transformational and/or servant leadership.
Practical implications
The five items proposed should also be integrated into leadership and organizational development practices, the literature, and future research.
Originality/value
The paper discusses the first empirical research study investigating the distinctions between transformational and servant leaders, two leadership styles that have existed and been discussed by scholars and theorists since the 1970s.
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Maureen Mayhew, Karen J. Grant, Lorena Mota, Setareh Rouhani, Michael C. Klein and Arminée Kazanjian
The purpose of this paper is to describe the patient level characteristics of government-assisted refugees (GARs) who had acquired family doctors after leaving specialized refugee…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the patient level characteristics of government-assisted refugees (GARs) who had acquired family doctors after leaving specialized refugee clinics (RC).
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional telephone survey of GARs households, three to six years after arrival to British Columbia, that used logistic regression to identify GAR characteristics associated with having a family doctor compared to having no family doctor or remaining at a RC.
Findings
Contact rate was 52 percent. Of 177 interviewed GARs who spoke 24 languages, only 61 percent had secured a family doctor. Only 57 percent were educated; 46 percent spoke English and 40 percent worked consistently. Central Asian or African origin was associated with having a family doctor (OR 10.6 (95 percent CI 3.1-36.8) for RC; OR 10.3 (95 percent CI 2.2-47.8) for no family doctor). Other significant characteristics in the comparison with GARs at a RC included English proficiency (OR 15.6 (95 percent CI 4.3-56.9)), and female sex (OR 4.0 (95 percent CI 1.4-1.1)). When compared to those with no family doctor, additional significant characteristics included Health Authority A compared to B (OR 8.9, 95 percent CI 1.4-55.6) and having recently visited a doctor (OR 7.7 (95 percent CI 1.9-30.7)).
Research limitations/implications
The results of this study are limited to a specific environment and the low contact rate may have resulted in bias.
Originality/value
This study described characteristics of GARs who had successfully transitioned to a family doctor and those who had not. This population is rarely captured in studies because they are difficult to contact, ethnically diverse and not proficient in English.
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Cecilia Heilala, Erkki Komulainen and Nina Santavirta
During Second World War 48,628 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden and temporarily placed in foster care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between…
Abstract
Purpose
During Second World War 48,628 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden and temporarily placed in foster care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the parental socioeconomic position (SEP), evacuation, language acquisition, and education and to analyze how these are related to SEP in separated compared to non-separated in later life.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 749 separated and 1,535 non-separated persons. Pre-evacuation data on the separated were collected from the archives. The non-separated were matched for age, gender, place of birth, and mother tongue Finnish/Swedish. Data from both cohorts were collected by a postal questionnaire in autumn 2005. Stratified hierarchical regression analysis was used to predict SEP.
Findings
The results show that the SEP and education of those Finnish-speaking evacuees who had lost their mother tongue when returning home were lower compared to the Finnish-speaking non-evacuees. On the contrary, the SEP of the Swedish-speaking evacuees was higher than of the Swedish-speaking non-evacuees.
Research limitations/implications
Selection bias and attrition bias is a concern when interpreting the results.
Practical implications
The study shows the importance of supporting the mother tongue of temporary migrants while staying in the host country and of taking actions for language policy planning when they return back home.
Originality/value
This study uses data on a large child evacuation operation during Second World War to study how unaccompanied evacuation and loss of mother tongue affect SEP in later life. To the knowledge no such study has been conducted.
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Christine Friestad, Unn Kristin Haukvik, Berit Johnsen and Solveig Karin Vatnar
This study aims to provide an overview and quality appraisal of the current scientific evidence concerning the prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to provide an overview and quality appraisal of the current scientific evidence concerning the prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders among sentenced female prisoners.
Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods systematic literature review.
Findings
A total of 4 reviews and 39 single studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Mental disorders were the main area of investigation in the majority of single studies, with substance abuse, particularly drug abuse, as the most consistently gender biased disorder, with higher prevalence among women than men in prison. The review identified a lack of updated systematic evidence on the presence of multi-morbidity.
Originality/value
This study provides an up-to-date overview and quality appraisal of the current scientific evidence concerning the prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders among female prisoners.
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Emerging-market multinational enterprises (MNEs) have pushed institutional factors to the cutting-edge of international business research. As for Chinese MNEs, the importance of…
Abstract
Purpose
Emerging-market multinational enterprises (MNEs) have pushed institutional factors to the cutting-edge of international business research. As for Chinese MNEs, the importance of institutions has been strengthened since the Chinese government launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which seeks to promote a comprehensive platform for cooperation among countries. This study aims to investigate the role played by the BRI as an institutional factor moderating the influence of other institution-, industry- and firm-specific factors on establishment mode choice by Chinese MNEs.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the strategy tripod, a perspective claiming that a firm's strategies are the result of internal, industrial and institutional conditions, this study develops a number of hypotheses that are tested with data on 1,076 outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) of Chinese MNEs between 2013 and 2021.
Findings
The results show that the BRI moderates the influence of both the firm's prior international acquisition experience and Chinese government's OFDI restrictions on the establishment by means of an acquisition. They also report that this moderating effect does not apply for acquisition experience in the host country nor institutional distance.
Originality/value
This study contributes to reinforce the importance of institutions as the third leg of a strategy tripod when explaining international behavior of Chinese MNEs. It also suggests that the BRI is a diplomatic tool that may act as a substitute for the firm's resources and may mitigate the negative influence of other external factors.
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The attack of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that terrorism is capable of inflicting damage and loss of life with a severity that is many multiples of the most extreme U.S…
Abstract
The attack of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that terrorism is capable of inflicting damage and loss of life with a severity that is many multiples of the most extreme U.S. natural perils. This article addresses the need for a mathematical model for evaluating terrorism risk. The author compares and contrasts terrorism risk with other forms of catastrophe risk, and identifies human intelligence and intent as the distinguishing features. The author proceeds to propose that analytical techniques developed and applied within the discipline of wartime operations research (e.g., game theory, search theory), along with specialized statistical techniques, may be adopted to practically model the risk of terrorism. The article proceeds to demonstrate how even a highly simplified model can offer useful insights to the insurance industry with regard to this risk, although access to terrorism expertise is crucial.