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This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric study on e-government research, with special concern over finding bases on which electronic government studies are constructed.

This paper is a bibliometric study using citation, co-citation and bibliometric coupling analysis, applied to 161 selected articles published in 37 top journals in public administration.

The paper presents existing knowledge on e-government research and provides a categorization in terms of research subfields. The 40 top-cited works were classified into three subfields of intellectual influence: models and evolution; implementation factors; and adoption constraints. In total, 63 works were classified into three subfields of mainstream research: adoption (contextual and technological factors); evolution status and implementation; and social capital. The paper presents gaps in research streams.

Because of the chosen research approach, this study has limitations that are inherent to bibliometric studies, such as the selection of journals and keywords. This work helps e-government students and researchers to understand the mainstream research of the field, presents the references on each stream and, in addition, provides information to public policy makers. Findings from this study can contribute to theory building in e-government research.

This study may provide support to government institutions to assess the allocation of public resources for research.

The paper fulfils an identified need to examine the intellectual foundations and mainstream research in the field of e-government, unlike other reviews. The paper makes a methodological contribution by integrating co-citation and bibliographic coupling in mapping knowledge.

Realizar uma bibliometria sobre pesquisa em e-government, com especial preocupação em encontrar as bases sobre as quais estudos são construídos.

Bibliometria utilizando análise de citação, cocitação e pareamento bibliográfico, aplicado a 161 artigos selecionados publicados em 37 periódicos de ponta em administração pública.

Apresentar o conhecimento existente sobre pesquisa em e-government e fornecer uma categorização de subcampos de pesquisa acadêmica. Os 40 trabalhos mais citados foram classificados em três subcampos: Modelos e Evolução, Fatores de Implementação e Restrições de Adoção. 63 trabalhos foram classificados em três subcampos: Adoção (Fatores Contextuais e Tecnológicos), Status de Evolução e Implementação, e Capital Social.

Devido à abordagem de pesquisa escolhida, este estudo apresenta limitações inerentes aos estudos bibliométricos, como a seleção de periódicos e palavras-chave. Este trabalho auxilia estudantes e pesquisadores do e-government a entender as principais vertentes de pesquisas da área, apresenta as principais referências e, além disso, fornece subsídios aos formadores de políticas públicas. Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para a formação da teoria na pesquisa em e-government.

Este estudo pode fornecer suporte a instituições governamentais para avaliar a alocação de recursos públicos para pesquisa.

O documento preenche lacuna identificada em examinar a base intelectual e a pesquisa predominante no campo do e-government. O artigo faz uma contribuição metodológica ao integrar cocitação e pareamento bibliográfico.

Palavras-chave - e-government, Administração pública, Estudo bibliométrico, Análise de cocitação, Pareamento bibliográfico

Artículo de investigación

Realizar una bibliometria sobre la investigación del e-government, con especial preocupación por encontrar las bases sobre las cuales se construyen los estudios del e-government.

Bibliométrica mediante citas, co-citas y análisis de emparejamiento bibliométrico, aplicado a 161 artículos seleccionados en las 37 revistas académicas centrales sobre administración pública.

Presente el conocimiento existente sobre e-government y proporcione una categorización en términos de subcampos de investigación. Las 40 obras más citadas se clasificaron en tres subcampos: Modelos y Evolución, Factores de Implementación y Restricciones de Adopción. 63 trabajos se clasificaron en tres subcampos de investigación general: adopción (factores contextuales y tecnológicos), estado e implementación de la evolución y capital social. El artículo presenta lagunas en las corrientes de investigación.

Debido al enfoque de investigación elegido, este estudio tiene limitaciones inherentes a los trabajos bibliometricos, tales como la selección de revistas y palabras clave. Este trabajo ayuda a los estudiantes e investigadores de e-government a comprender la investigación en este campo, presenta las referencias en cada línea y, además, proporciona información a los responsables de la política pública. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden contribuir a la construcción de teorías en la investigación del e-government.

Este estudio puede brindar apoyo a las instituciones gubernamentales a la hora de evaluar la asignación de recursos públicos para la investigación.

El documento cumple con una necesidad identificada de examinar los fundamentos intelectuales y la investigación general en el campo del e-government. El artículo hace una contribución metodológica al integrar la co-cita y el emparejamiento bibliográfico.

Palabras clave - E-government; Administración pública, Estudio bibliométrico, Análisis de co-citas, Pareamento bibliográfico.

revisión de literatura

The purpose of this paper is to describe an empirical study of the advances and trends of e‐government in transparency, openness and hence accountability in European Union (EU) local governments to determine the extent to which the internet promotes the convergence towards more transparent and accountable government. The paper also tests the extent to which different factors related to the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the number of inhabitants and the type of public administration style have influenced e‐government developments in the cities studied.

A comprehensive content analysis of 75 local government web sites was conducted using a 73‐item evaluation questionnaire. The evaluations were performed in 2004 and 2007 and 15 EU countries were covered (five per country). To analyse the evolution of e‐government, several techniques were used: tests of difference of means, multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The contribution of the different contextual factors to the development of government web sites was tested with OLS regression analysis.

The results show noticeable progress in the application of ICTs and increasing EU local government concern for bringing government closer to citizens and for giving an image of modernity and responsiveness, although few web sites show clear signs of real openness to encouraging citizen dialogue. The evolution of the e‐government initiatives analysed shows that, at present, they are still overlapped with the public administration style of each country as an extension of traditional front offices with potential benefits in speed and accessibility.

Although a growing number of e‐government studies are appearing, previous research has not analysed the evolution of EU local governments from a comparative perspective.

The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the e-government stage models that have been developed in last one decade give a true indication of e-government growth in a developing country like India.

This exploratory study was conducted through a survey questionnaire from 300 portals of government departments and public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India.

Results show that on e-government stage model; only 28 per cent of the surveyed government department have achieved the transactional stage whereas 58 per cent have reached at least a minimum level of vertical integration. On the other hand, 74 per cent PSUs are at transactional level and 69 per cent have achieved at least a minimum level of vertical integration.

For achieving a one-stop government portal, integration stage can be achieved before the transaction level. Reason behind this being nature and requirement of the portal. There are fundamental differences in social and political factors of various countries that demand more customized local models.

This study is the first to examine the evolution of government portals in India. The results lead to a number of insights such as there are few government portals that do not follow the proposed stage models and achieve the integration level before attaining the transaction level.

This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyze the overall status of e-government research by revealing patterns and trends that would help gain a broad understanding of global developments in the field and future directions.

All documents related to e-government published from 2000 to 2019 were extracted from the Scopus and the Digital Government Reference Library databases. Bibexcel, Biblioshiny, and VOSviewer were used to perform the analyses and visualize the science mapping.

The results showed that 21,320 documents related to e-government research were published and cited 263,179 times. The annual growth rate of e-government research has reached 21.50%. The regression analysis showed that the growth rate is expected to increase gradually over the coming years. Despite the significant role that conference papers play in the e-government literature, the impact of articles far exceeds conference papers. The University of Albany (SUNY) has played an important role in e-government research in terms of production and impact. Furthermore, the study revealed some countries that are expected to play a prominent role in e-government research, as well as several topics that may attract more attention soon.

The results presented in this study and the comprehensive picture obtained about the e-government field make it an effective supplement to the expert evaluation. Thus, researchers, research managers, policymakers, institutions, funding agencies, and governments can rely on it.

This paper has as its aim to analyse the evolution and current status of e‐government, trying to deduce a series of basic principles for its success.

A case study has served to achieve that aim, but prior to its presentation, a short review of the e‐government literature along with some facts and figures have made it possible to assess the situation of e‐government in various countries around the world, and more precisely in Spain.

E‐government lays emphasis on technology; however, the internal processes through which public administrations (PP.AA) offer their services to citizens need careful reengineering.

Although a case study like this one, in which the analysis of e‐government is restricted to the functioning of a tax administration body, may have limitations when it comes to generalising the conclusions drawn, the principles inferred from it can be easily extrapolated to the vast majority of PP.AA.

Since, tax administration requires using a large amount of data, it is a key area in the application and study of e‐government. That is why a Spanish public organisation in charge of tax administration has been examined in this paper.

The purpose of this paper is to review and illustrate historical milestones and evolutionary stages of public sector reforms in such a typical transitional society as Kazakhstan through the prism of existing e-government development strategies, implementation models and institutional regulations.

The research is mostly based on a retrospective analysis of technology-driven public sector reforms and content analysis of various e-government strategies and platforms implemented by national and local executive authorities in Kazakhstan for the last two decades.

The results of the analysis has confirmed previously made assumptions that typical developing states tend to adopt different non-linear and multidimensional implementation strategies in advancing e-government reforms in comparison with developed countries. As it turns out, the continuity of actual stages or levels of such development not always corresponds in a consecutive manner to the formal phases of the most popular e-government maturity models proposed previously in academic literature.

One of the fundamental limitations of the case study is that its findings and recommendations could relate only to a limited number of countries that have similar political, socioeconomic and administrative contexts. Taking into account the fact that Kazakhstan is not only a typical developing economy but also a transitional post-communist and post-totalitarian society that has its own unique political and socioeconomic features of governance, the results of case study could not be generalized and extrapolated to all developing countries, presumably narrowing them only to a very limited number of similar states, mostly, in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.

The main practical contribution of the article is that it provides a close review of e-government politics in Kazakhstan that could be helpful for policy makers and practitioners in evaluating, learning and improving the work of various technology-driven public sector projects in the area, especially from a regulatory point of view.

This inherently ethnographic narrative, which is based on the analysis of e-government legislation and implementation strategies derived from diverse administrative practices, could be interesting for those who seek to understand an ever-changing truly evolutionary nature of technology-driven public sector reforms in a typical transitional society.

Governments of the developing countries must be ready to embrace the evolution of information technology. However, the growth in demand for online services and expectations for convenient access to government resources are placing governments under pressure to deliver outstanding e-services. Despite the successful attempts of the Saudi Government to deliver e-government services, the literature still needs to be advanced with evidence to demonstrate the current status of government websites. Additionally, the growth of e-government services should be periodically monitored and evaluated.

This study aims to revisit e-government websites previously surveyed (2006-2012) in Saudi Arabia and examine growth based on the five-stage maturity model. This study supports the approach with a review of the United Nations data and links this assessment with the five-stage maturity model.

The results revealed remarkable improvements in the maturity level of online services provided by the government websites of Saudi Arabia.

The relationship between e-government use and investment decisions appears to be bidirectional, as greater levels of investment seem to offer more opportunities for service improvement.

The outcomes are expected to assist executive authorities in understanding the current situation of e-government and plan appropriate strategic suggestions and development.

This paper aims to introduce a new approach to the framing of e-government projects. It discusses e-government as a continuing process of interaction and change. The paper uses general concepts borrowed from actor–network theory (ANT) to highlight the on-going negotiation that is an endogenous characteristic of every e-government projects.

The research builds on the findings of a case study. The case of the Akshaya e-government project in Kerala, India, is presented to offer an instance of the negotiation that occurs among the different actors involved and the consequent changes the project itself experiences.

The paper shows that e-government initiatives are unstable and change over time, as they are cast in the dynamic interaction that occurs between the actors involved in the e-government project. It also suggests that the ANT is a valuable framework to study these dynamics.

Main contribution of the paper is the evidence that e-government projects should be studied in their making and not as a result of planned action and sequential evolutionary phases.

The paper offers new insights for the planning, design and most importantly management of e-government projects.

The paper contributes to the literature by shedding light on the importance of the dynamic interactions that shape the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on government policies. The proposed framework is a basis for further theorisation with regards to the complexity underpinning the deployment of ICTs in the public sector.

The purpose of this paper is to consolidate existing knowledge and provide a deeper understanding of e-government research for assisting researchers in the development of their future analyses, identifying trends of research and the methodology used.

A bibliometric approach has been used to examine e-government research in periodical publications listed in ISI in the field of information science and library science during the period 2000-2014.

The authors found that although e-participation research has increased in the last years, future research should focus on accessibility policies, and on the motives, capabilities and perceptions of disabled and older people to take advantage of e-government initiatives to be involved in the social affairs.

The study has shown the need to carry out further research into e-participation in order to understand the true dimension of social networks and their involvement in e-democracy. Also, it is highlighted the need for the design and evaluation of tools for automation of the services and to enable citizens to vote in local initiatives.

This historical assessment allows identification of significant insights and trends related to e-government, and patterns in the published articles and develops a cohesive and comprehensive research agenda to guide researchers worldwide in their quest for a better understanding of e-government.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the e-goverment on corruption in Mexico. Mexico, although it has fought corruption from different angles, continues to be among the most corrupt countries in the world. One possible tool to reduce corruption, or at least so-called bureaucratic corruption, is e-government. There are studies that confirm an inverse relationship between e-government and corruption; as e-government increases, corruption decreases. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the development of e-government (electronic portals) on corruption.

To achieve the stated objective, the authors have used econometrics (clusters) as the main methodology to obtain a possible confirmation of such inverse relationship between e-government and corruption in the 32 states that make up the country, for the period 2015–2019.

In the states that make up the Republic of Mexico, as the development of e-government increases, the corruption variable does not decrease. There is no significant relationship between these two variables.

The relationship between the variables e-government and corruption has been extensively studied in previous articles. However, in Latin America, studies on the impact of e-government on corruption are scarce, and at the Mexican national level are almost nonexistent.