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The case deals with the issues in managing the growth of a family business engaged in retail and discount stores in Chennai. It highlights one of the strengths of family businesses, namely leveraging family resources into the business. The case also deals with issues of succession planning in family businesses.

Real estate economics, strategic management.

BA, undergraduate year 3, 4

The case aims to raise an issue of the effects of the economic crisis on Europa shopping centre in Vilnius, Lithuania, and its owner, Baltic Property Trust (BPT) Secura. For the first time since its opening in Vilnius, the company faced rapidly decreasing flows and turnover. Falling revenues meant that most stores within the shopping mall had been struggling to maintain their cash flow and profitability. The major idea of the case is to show that shopping centre management is a complex process covering interrelated relationship among owners, tenants, customers and society in general.

Learners will be able: to apply knowledge of retail segment functioning specifics; to apply knowledge of retail property management (in various economic and market cycles); and to apply strategic management principles in property management.

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In January 1993, the senior management committee of this company has to decide which major projects the company should fund for immediate implementation. The board of directors arbitrarily set a limit of European currency units (ECU) at 80 million to spend on capital projects in 1993. But various managers have proposed projects totaling ECU208 million. Students must evaluate the completed discounted cash flow (DCF) analyses presented along with qualitative factors (mainly the strategic considerations and the internal politics of the company) and choose the projects to be approved.

The writing of this case study was triggered by the numerous media reports in 2020 that talked about the EU nations losing its solidarity. EU being a very appropriate example of economic, monetary and customs union while teaching theories of economic integration and international relations, the post-pandemic approach of EU leadership to rebuild the crisis-ridden member nations seemed an excellent material for developing a teaching case study.

The case study was written based on secondary data and published information available. Enough desk research was undertaken to build the characterisation of the protagonists and due diligence done to chronologically report all facts of the case as the story developed. It was decided to build the epilogue into the case study so that the case analysis had enough depth.

The case is set in 2020 when the global economy was reeling under the massive impact of a lockdown and the aftermath. The case study examines the model of economic union in international business and the various challenges that governance of an association of nations such as the 27 member EU can throw up. It examines the conflict of interest that can arise among member nations during critical circumstances such as the pandemic and its massive tolls.

EU had established itself as a critical international trade player and had already proven their might as a united entity to the world trade partners, given the fact that they were not only a customs union but also a monetary union. In this scenario when the pandemic threw them into the whirlwind of lockdown-induced crisis, the united front of the mighty EU all but crumbled. As the worst-hit economies of Italy and Spain struggled to pull themselves back to normalcy, EU experienced one of its worst solidarity crises.

EU’s president Angela Merkel and ally French President Emmanuel Macron with support from the EU Council’s President Charles Michel stepped forward to resurrect the badly hit economies. They viewed this as the best opportunity to bring about a united front by coming together at Brussels for a summit when lockdown eased up in July 2020. It was to be a show of unity to jointly bail out the severely affected member nations by grants rather than loans. The summit, however, snowballed into bitter arguments and open bickering between the wealthy and not-so-wealthy members, and they could not agree upon the issue of debt vs aid. The fact that the EU was an agglomeration of 27 nations, which were far from homogenous in socioeconomic status, not to speak of divided political ideologies, only added dimensions to the dispute. Negotiations repeatedly hit roadblocks. Can the EU leaders lead their bitterly divided house to a consensus?

The case is suitable for graduate and post-graduate levels. Management courses where international business studies, international trade blocs and global leadership are part of curriculum can use the case to teach concepts of “Regional economic integration”, “Economic and Political union” and theories of “International relations” and “Negotiation”. It can also be ideally used in an executive management programme on “Global Leadership” to highlight the complexities of “governance of international associations” and “consensus building amidst diversity”.

1. Entender los desafíos contextuales que enfrenta una empresa de mercado emergente, y qué se debe hacer para superarlos. 2. Entender el rol de una empresa a la hora de desarrollar una competencia nacional en la industria de los productos agrícolas. 3. Demostrar la creación de “valor compartido” y examinar cómo la misión social de una compañía puede reforzar y sostener las actividades que generan valor económico. 4. Generar y evaluar opciones para desarrollar mercados internacionales cuando una empresa tiene recursos limitados para invertir en actividades de mercadeo.

Pacari Chocolate es la marca insignia de SKS Farms CIA Ltda., ubicada en Quito Ecuador. La compañía se especializa en producir chocolate orgánico que vende en Ecuador y exporta a otros mercados de Latinoamérica, Europa y Norteamérica. La compañía inició operaciones en 2002, fundada por Carla Barbotó y su esposo Santiago Peralta. Carla es la Directora de SKS y Santiago es el Gerente General. El caso se desarrolla justo después de que Santiago negoció un trato para suplir a Emirates Airlines con minibarras de chocolate para los pasajeros de la aerolínea. Santiago se encuentra emocionado por este nuevo trato, que proporcionará una corriente de ingresos nueva, mejorará la imagen de la marca, y potencialmente creará nuevos clientes. Carla y Santiago buscan la excelencia de sus productos, como lo evidencian más de 160 premios, muchos de estos reconocidos a nivel global. Sin embargo, su misión también es sumamente social, pues buscan mejorar las vidas de los agricultores andinos, de los pueblos indígenas y de la sociedad ecuatoriana en general. El autor principal emplea este caso en un curso sobre enfoques innovadores para aprovechar oportunidades en mercados emergentes, en los cuales el valor compartido (social + económico) y la creación de industrias nacionales fuertes son resultados clave, que se deben abordar mediante estrategias de emprendimiento mercantiles y no mercantiles.

de licenciatura, maestría.

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CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Hay varios videos en Youtube que se pueden usar para complementar este caso: Pacari Chocolates Reino Unido por Fair Business Alliance: www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yH_aKyQiwU&t=2s En este video en inglés, de cinco minutos, Santiago Peralta discute el cultivo de cacao y la producción de chocolate en Ecuador, discute los productos de Pacari y los sabores de “fino de aroma” propios de sus productos. El video incluye imágenes de todo el proceso de producción del chocolate, incluyendo el cultivo y cosecha del cacao y la producción de chocolate en las instalaciones de SKS Farm. Hay una variedad de videos en español, incluyendo: Pacari Chocolates Ecuador: www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK_Do0tnZJc Chocolate con una misión: Carla Barboto y Santiago Peralta (TEDx Talks, Quito): www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W3BdtHjbKs&t=199s Es posible que los instructores quieran usar imágenes de la presentación de mercadeo de Pacari, que está en ESTAS DIAPOSITIVAS.

Las notas pedagógicas contienen materiales de lectura específicos para apoyar la discusión en clase.

Los estudiantes podrán comprender y explicar el concepto de una empresa familiar como un sistema dinámico: empresa, familia e individuos, cada uno con acciones y resultados; analizar las oportunidades y las amenazas para las empresas familiares a través de las generaciones; y formular estrategias para equilibrar las demandas de la empresa y de la familia.

Este caso cuenta la historia de dos generaciones de caficultores de la Hacienda Flandes, en la región cafetera de Colombia. Describe los factores externos e internos que afectaron el negocio familiar desde 1970 hasta 2013. El caso presenta los antecedentes y las consecuencias de las circunstancias medioambientales y de las decisiones de los miembros de la familia, y que llevaron el negocio desde la bonanza hasta el decaimiento y posteriormente a su posible reinvención. Se espera que los estudiantes, mediante el análisis de esta plantación de café familiar que se extiende varias generaciones, comprendan la importancia de la planeación estratégica en las empresas familiares, en el contexto de un ambiente cambiante y competitivo. Las empresas más comunes son las empresas familiares en las economías emergentes. En Latinoamérica, la mayoría de empresas familiares suelen ser más jóvenes que aquellas de Europa e incluso Norte América. Por lo tanto, las empresas familiares en estas economías pueden estar atravesando o pronto atravesarán una sucesión. La tasa de éxito de las sucesiones es baja, independientemente de la cultura o el país en el que se desarrolle la empresa. Este caso lidia con la preparación (o falta de preparación) de la siguiente generación para la administración de empresas familiares, y con las consecuencias de esto, y ayuda a los estudiantes a sugerir alternativas y mejores decisiones para dirigir empresas familiares en una economía emergente.

Cursos de MBA sobre empresas familiares y/o cursos de educación ejecutiva que se enfoquen en empresas familiares. El caso se puede usar en sesiones introductorias relacionadas con estrategia de empresas familiares.

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CSS 11: Strategy

The purpose of this study is to use design thinking principles to understand the failure of the ‘new’ European Super League, and also understand how it could be redesigned.

This case has been developed from secondary sources, including news reports, social media sites, annual reports and websites of the Union of European Football Associations and the European football clubs. This case was classroom-tested with post-graduate management students in a design thinking course in May 2021 at an Indian business school, S.P. Jain Institute of Management & Research, in Mumbai, India.

In April 2021, a new football league – the European Super League, is announced as a breakaway rebel league, in direct competition with United European Footballers Association's Champions League. It is backed by the top 12 European clubs and officials in European football, besides the US investment bank, JP Morgan. The new league is touted as one intended to save football. It is, however, denounced by fans and shunned almost universally. The league, which has been planned for the past three and half years, faces collapse. Why did the European Super League fail? How could the founders design a new league?

This case could be used in an undergraduate or MBA classroom or an executive education programme in a design thinking course. It can also be used to teach marketing courses such as marketing strategy, new product development and consumer behaviour.

The case takes place in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, a booming regional tourist and commercial center located on the Arab (Persian) Gulf coast of the Arabian Peninsula. The story describes Vijay, the Indian (East Asian) entrepreneur, his personality, background, motivations and management style. The focus of the case is on how this entrepreneur grows the business over the seven years leading up to the decision to launch a travel club targeted toward East Asian travelers in the region. The details of the new venture are chronicled from inception to its eventual closure four years later under desperate financial circumstances. The richness of the case is enhanced by the inclusion of details of the legal, economic and cultural factors that define the business context and business risks. The case provides an interesting and informative view of a part of the world that is “in the news” but largely remains a mystery to the typical North American student.

Social entrepreneurship/innovation.

Basic to advanced level.

This case introduces students to the context of social innovation and social entrepreneurship. Societies are facing new challenges that will require innovative solutions. In our society, social needs are addressed in a variety of different ways. Some of these needs are addressed mainly through public organizations, some in private spheres through associations or businesses, and others in informal organizations or maybe not at all. As changes occur in our society, the current practices we use to meet our needs will not necessarily be the same practices we use to meet our needs in the future. In response, a number of initiatives are emerging. This case describes the process of such a new initiative.

Students need to understand what social innovation is; in how many ways it manifests; and why it is a multi-disciplinary field. Students need to understand the difference between for-profit and not-for-profit organizations and which challenges they are effective in addressing (context dependency). Students need to understand, describe and discuss the process and methods of developing social entrepreneurship and social innovations using the House of Plenty Social Innovation Model as a case. Students need to understand and discuss the main challenges that not-for-profit social innovations face in securing financial sustainability and in scaling up using the House of Plenty Social Innovation Model as a case.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Resource-based view (RBV) theory (Barney, 1991; Barney and Mackey, 2016; Nagano, 2020) states that a firm’s tangible and intangible resources can represent a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA), a long-term competitive advantage that is extremely difficult to duplicate by another firm, when it meets four criteria (i.e. not imitable, are rare, valuable and not substitutable). In the context of this case, we believe there are three sources of SCA to be discussed using RBV – the major league soccer (MLS) team player roster, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to exploit this roster and the league’s single-entity structure: • MLS players: it has been widely acknowledged that a firm’s human resource talent, which includes professional soccer players (Omondi-Ochieng, 2019), can be a source of SCA. For example, from an RBV perspective, a player on the Los Angeles Galaxy roster: > cannot play for any other team in any other league at the same time (not imitable and are rare), > would already be a competitive player, as he is acquired to play in the highest professional league in the country (valuable) and > it would be almost impossible to find a clone player matching his exact talent characteristic (not substitutable) anywhere else. Of course, the roster mix of players must be managed by a capable coach who is able to exploit these resources and win championships (Szymanski et al., 2019). Therefore, it is the strategic human resource or talent management strategies of the professional soccer team roster that will enable a team to have the potential for an SCA (Maqueira et al., 2019). • Technology: technology can also be considered a source of SCA. However, this has been a source of contention. The argument is that technology is accessible to any firm that can afford to purchase it. Logically, any MLS team (or for that matter any professional soccer team) can acquire or build an AI system. For many observers, the only obvious constraint is financial resources. As we discuss in other parts of the case study, there is a fan-based assumption that what transpired in major league baseball (MLB) may repeat in the MLS. The movie Moneyball promoted the use of sabermetrics in baseball when making talent selection (as opposed to relying exclusively on scouts), which has now evolved into the norm of using technology-centered sports analytics across all MLB teams. In short, where is the advantage when every team uses technology for talent management? However, if that is the case, why are the MLB teams continuing to use AI and now the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL) and National Hockey League are following suit? We believe RBV theorists have already provided early insights: > “the exploitation of physical technology in a firm often involves the use of socially complex firm resources. Several firms may all possess the same physical technology, but only one of these firms may possess the social relations, cultural traditions, etc., to fully exploit this technology to implementing strategies…. and obtain a sustained competitive advantage from exploiting their physical technology more completely than other firms” (Barney, 1991, p. 110). • MLS League Single-Entity Structure: In contrast to other professional soccer leagues, the MLS has one distinct in-built edge – its ownership structure as a single entity, that is as one legal organization. All of the MLS teams are owned by the MLS, but with franchise operators. The centralization of operations provides the MLS with formidable economies of scale such as when investing in AI technologies for teams. Additionally, this ownership structure accords it leverage in negotiations for its inputs such as for player contracts. The MLS is the single employer of all its players, fully paying all salaries except those of the three marquees “designated players.” Collectively, this edge offers the MLS unparalleled fluidity and speed as a league when implementing changes, securing stakeholder buy-ins and adjusting for tailwinds. The “socially complex firm resources” is the unique talent composition of the professional soccer team and most critically its single entity structure. While every team can theoretically purchase an AI technology talent management system, its application entails use across 30 teams with a very different, complex and unique set of player talents. The MLS single-entity structure though is the resource that supplies the stability required for this human-machine (technology) symbioses to be fully accepted by stakeholders such as players and implemented with precision and speed across the entire league. So, there exists the potential for each MLS team (and the MLS as a league) to acquire SCA even when using “generic” AI technology, as long as other complex firm factors come into play.

This case relied on information that was widely reported within media, press interviews by MLS officials, announcements by various organizations, journal articles and publicly available information on MLS. All of the names and positions, in this case, are actual persons.

MLS started as a story of dreaming large and of quixotic adventure. Back in 1990, the founders of the MLS “sold” the league in exchange for the biggest prize in world soccer – the rights to host the 1994 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup before they even wrote up the business plan. Today, the MLS is the highest-level professional men’s soccer league competition in the USA. That is a major achievement in just over 25-years, as the US hosts a large professional sports market. However, MLS has been unable to attract higher broadcasting value for its matches and break into the highest tier of international professional soccer. The key reason is that MLS matches are not deemed high quality content by broadcasters. To achieve higher quality matches requires many inputs such as soccer specific stadiums, growing the fan base, attracting key investors, league integrity and strong governance, all of which MLS has successfully achieved since its inception. However, attracting high quality playing talent is a critical input the MLS does not have because the league has repeatedly cautioned that it cannot afford them yet to ensure long-term financial sustainability. In fact, to guarantee this trade-off, the MLS is one of the only professional soccer leagues with an annual salary cap. So, the question is: how does MLS increase the quality of its matches (content) using relatively low cost (low quality) talent and still be able to demand higher broadcast revenues? One strategy is for the MLS to use AI playing technology to extract higher quality playing performance from its existing talent like other sports leagues have demonstrated, such as the NFL and NBA. To implement such a radical technology-centric strategy with its players requires the MLS to navigate associated issues such as human-machine symbioses, risking fan acceptance and even altering brand valuation.

The case is written and designed for a graduate-level (MBA) class or an upper-level undergraduate class in areas such as contemporary issues in management, human resource management, talent management, strategic management, sports management and sports marketing. The case is suitable for courses that discuss strategy, talent management, human resource management and brand strategy.