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The purpose of this study is to get much insight about the combustion and emission characteristics of partially processed high free fatty acid linseed oil, i.e. esterified linseed oil (ELO), and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition engine.

The variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine (3.5 kW) of CR ranging from 12:1 to 18:1 is used for the experimentation purpose. In this study, CR varied from 16:1 to 18:1 for investigating the combustion and emissions characteristics of ELO. Various features such as combustion pressure, net heat release rate and mean gas temperature are analysed. The emission characteristics such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are investigated with different loads and CRs. The effect of an ambient temperature condition is also reported.

Results from this investigation reveal that the burning of ELO is found to be advanced for all CRs as compared to diesel fuel, whereas these features were found to be lower for a CR of 17. Emissions of ELO are found to be higher at all loads and CRs. Overall, this study provides a necessary framework to enhance further research in this area.

This investigation shows that ELO has better combustion in the first phase of combustion. However, the exhaust emissions of ELO have higher value due to improper combustion in the second and subsequent phase of combustion due to higher viscosity.

Water soluble epoxy‐amine adducts were prepared by reacting epoxy resin with diethanolamine in different molar ratios. These adducts were further partially esterified with linseed oil fatty acids. Aqueous coating compositions for cathodic electrodeposition were prepared from epoxy‐amine adducts and esterified epoxy‐amine adducts separately. Film properties of cathodically electrodeposited coatings were evaluated and studied. It was observed that coatings based on 20% and 30% esterified epoxy‐amine adducts had good overall film properties.

During the second day of the symposium on ‘The Protection of Structural Steel’ interest again centred on the comparative advantages of paint and metal coatings. Speakers discussed the composition of good paint protective systems and the application of sprayed metal coatings, and some consideration was given to the relative cost of the two methods. A report of the papers read during the first day was given in the May issue of CORROSION TECHNOLOGY.

Water soluble vehicles based on unsaturated fatty acids and oils have been prepared which have gloss and are air‐drying. Resin blends have also been prepared to improve certain characteristics. Comparison of the prepared compositions regarding their evaluation as a paint vehicle has also been taken into consideration.

Appleby and Mayne [Journal of the Oil & Colour Chemists' Association, 59, 2 (1976) p.69] have studied the relative protection provided by red lead to linseed oil, tung oil, oiticia oil and a long oil ,alkyd varnish. The degradation products have been identified by gas liquid chromatography, the corrosion properties on mild steel having been compared by partial immersion tests. Linseed oil proved to be the most protective material; oiticia oil was next and the alkyd last. The authors concluded that lead azelate formed in the linseed oil paint and had strong corrosion‐inhibiting properties. These same authors [British Corrosion Journal, 10, 4 (1975) p. 201] have studied the effect of cations on the auto‐oxidation of linseed oil fatty acids and the inhibitive properties of the degradation products. Again, they found that alkaline earth azelates might be useful corrosion‐inhibiting additives for non‐soap forming vehicles.

This paper details the use of isophthalic acid and trimellitic anhydride for the design and production of water reducible alkyd coatings. The performance of these systems is equal to or better than conventional solvent based systems. The use of special processing, compounding or application equipment is not required for the production of these coatings, however, the raw materials must be carefully selected to ensure optimum performance. Both water reducible alkyds and water reducible acrylated alkyds for air drying and force cured applications will be discussed. Coatings manufacturers in the United States have commercialized these systems for applications varying from air dry implement enamels to interior can coatings.

Triethanolamine derivatives of fatty acids were incorporated in an alkyd formulation as the ingredient source of polyol. The various parameters affecting the resin formation were also studied.

Painting is the commonest method of protecting metal surfaces from corrosion and to meet the needs of various industries paint manufacturers have produced a comprehensive range of primers, undercoats and finishes. In this discussion of industrial paints for the protection and decoration of metal surfaces, the author first reviews the types of paints now available, secondly discusses the means by which they are applied, thirdly describes how the paint film may be dried, and finally considers the use of paint by industry and the Services. His survey includes cars, commercial vehicles, household equipment, office equipment, metal containers and the special needs of the oil, chemical and aircraft industries.

In order to obtain desired film properties, alkyd resins are frequently modified by other resins and polymers either by physically blending them or chemically incorporating them. Some of the recent physical modifications of alkyd have already been described in the first part of the article. In this second part, the different types of resins and polymers used for the chemical modifications of alkyd resin are reviewed. A critical discussion on generally recognised advantages and disadvantages of the resultant coating from each modifier is described. Their use in surface coating industry are enumerated. Types of modifier to be used for improving a particular property in the coating are also suggested.

Most of the “alkylolamides” are derived from ethanola‐mines and fatty acids like stearic, lauric, myristic and oleic. The general method of preparation of these compounds involves the use of low molecular weight aminohydroxy compounds and acylation of amino group with higher fatty acids. Amino group may be primary or secondary. Also, hydroxyl group may be more than one.