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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2018

Ethnographies of parliament: culture and uncertainty in shallow democracies

Emma Crewe

The purpose of this paper is to consider the challenges, advantages and limits of ethnographical approaches to the study of parliament. Challenges in the study of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the challenges, advantages and limits of ethnographical approaches to the study of parliament. Challenges in the study of political institutions emerge because they can be fast-changing, difficult to gain access to, have starkly contrasting public and private faces and, in the case of national parliaments, are intimately connected to rest of the nation.

Design/methodology/approach

Ethnography usually tends to be difficult to plan in advance, but especially so when parliament is the focus.

Findings

Research in parliament requires clear questions but an emergent approach for answering them – working out your assumptions, deciding on the most appropriate methods depending on what wish to find out, and continually reviewing progress. Its great strengths are flexibility, ability to encompass wider historical and cultural practices into the study, getting under the surface and achieving philosophical rigour. Rigour is partly achieved through reflexivity.

Research limitations/implications

One implication of this is that not only will each study of parliament be different, because each is embedded in different histories, cultures, and politics, but the study of the same parliament will contain variations if a team is involved.

Originality/value

Ethnographical research is a social and political process of relating; interpreting texts, events and conversations; and representing the “other” as seen by observers.

Details

Journal of Organizational Ethnography, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-11-2017-0057
ISSN: 2046-6749

Keywords

  • Democracy
  • Ethnography
  • Law making
  • Parliament
  • Westminster

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2007

Towards better outcomes for children globally: alternative perspectives on international development

Emma Crewe

Contrary to prevailing wisdom, international development does not either succeed or fail. It does both. With reference to case study material gleaned from working with…

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Contrary to prevailing wisdom, international development does not either succeed or fail. It does both. With reference to case study material gleaned from working with both grant‐makers and international civil society organisations, this article critiques both the assumptions and organisation of development. Development initiatives create small islands of beneficial change for children but in general suffer from donor‐led managerial approaches, the dominance of upward accountability to Northern agencies, poor relationships and the tendency to both generalise and simplify. Globally, governments and civil society are failing to protect millions of vulnerable children and promote their participation in decision‐making. But better outcomes for children are possible. This article articulates the problems but also demonstrates how: (1) partnerships could be reoriented so that power relations are continually challenged; (2) planning mechanisms could be more focused and efficient; and (3) innovation, learning and reflective action could be promoted so that practice is appropriate to the context and therefore promotes better outcomes for children.

Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17466660200700036
ISSN: 1746-6660

Keywords

  • International development
  • Partnership
  • Planning
  • Children
  • Learning

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2010

Protecting children in different contexts: exploring the value of rights and research

Emma Crewe

Many child‐focused civil society organisations (CSOs) working in Africa, Asia and South America have shifted from organising their work around children's needs to…

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Many child‐focused civil society organisations (CSOs) working in Africa, Asia and South America have shifted from organising their work around children's needs to promoting their rights. The rights‐based frameworks they use are informed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This article explores the value of global rights. Ethnographic studies about the lives of young people and their transition into adulthood point to diversity of ideas about childhood in different parts of the world, raising questions about whether the idea of universal child rights can accommodate such varied worldviews. Yet CSOs have often failed to take account of this diversity in the way they use rights frameworks. Research by anthropologists about children in three situations ‐ at work, on the move and facing violence ‐ is used here to reveal the problems caused if rights frameworks are used without sufficient understanding of context and complexity.

Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5042/jcs.2010.0116
ISSN: 1746-6660

Keywords

  • Children
  • International development
  • Rights
  • Protection
  • Anthropology

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Article
Publication date: 10 July 2008

The science of a good childhood: a review of Volume 2 of the Journal of Children's Services

Nick Axford, Emma Crewe, Celene Domitrovich and Alina Morawska

This article reviews the contents of the previous year's editions of the Journal of Children's Services (Volume 2, 2007), as requested by the Journal's editorial board. It…

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This article reviews the contents of the previous year's editions of the Journal of Children's Services (Volume 2, 2007), as requested by the Journal's editorial board. It draws out some of the main messages for how high‐quality scientific research can help build good childhoods in western developed countries, focusing on: the need for epidemiology to understand how to match services to needs; how research can build evidence of the impact of prevention and intervention services on child well‐being; what the evidence says about how to implement proven programmes successfully; the economic case for proven programmes; the urgency of improving children's material living standards; how to help the most vulnerable children in society; and, lastly, the task of measuring child well‐being.

Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17466660200800026
ISSN: 1746-6660

Keywords

  • Prevention
  • Evidence
  • Epidemiology
  • Proven programme
  • Operating system
  • Poverty
  • Looked‐after children
  • Type 2 translation
  • Outcome measurement

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2007

Editorial: Turning the world upside down

Michael Little and Nick Axford

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Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17466660200700031
ISSN: 1746-6660

Content available
Article
Publication date: 29 November 2013

List of reviewers

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Journal of Children's Services, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-12-2013-002
ISSN: 1746-6660

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Article
Publication date: 8 May 2017

Understanding disruptive behaviour in the juvenile prison estate

Emma Whiteside and Carol A. Bond

Serious incidents of violent disruption within the national young-persons’ prison estate endanger offenders, staff and visitors and have a significant impact. The purpose…

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Abstract

Purpose

Serious incidents of violent disruption within the national young-persons’ prison estate endanger offenders, staff and visitors and have a significant impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the function of and factors influencing violent disruptive behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 21 young people (n=21) with a history of violence in custody were administered semi-structured interviews to explore the reasons for their behaviour. The data were explored using thematic analysis.

Findings

Six themes were identified: attitude and propensity for violence, perceptions and intolerance of others, consequences of violent behaviour, the physical environment, previous indicators, and protective factors.

Research limitations/implications

The study is reliant on self-report and thus may reflect biases. The presence of a recording device may have had an impact on responses. Logistical practicalities meant participants were approached via an intermediary which may have impacted on a willingness to participate.

Practical implications

Several practical implications are identified: cognitive skills programmes which encourage consequential thinking, perspective-taking, communication skills and exploring alternative problem-solving strategies are of value. Shouting through doors and windows is a major source of provocation and should be addressed. The induction process provides opportunities for equality-awareness work. Gang membership issues are a major cause of violence, and attitudes around this should be addressed. Building trust between staff and young people helps reduce problems. Systems to provide access to facilities and to provide support to cope with stress and isolation may be of value.

Originality/value

This study uses a qualitative approach to exploring young people’s views on prison violence. The findings reflect previous research but strengthen the perspective that violence in prison serves several purposes for those involved and that violence-reduction strategies must be multi-modal to be effective.

Details

Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-11-2015-0050
ISSN: 2050-8794

Keywords

  • Protective factors
  • Attitudes
  • Prisons
  • Disruptive behaviour
  • Juveniles
  • Juvenile violence
  • Prison violence

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Article
Publication date: 24 September 2019

The media, personal digital criminal legacies and the experience of offenders convicted of occupational fraud and corruption

David Shepherd, Emma Beatty, Mark Button and Dean Blackbourn

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of media coverage on offenders convicted of occupational fraud and corruption in the UK. It examines the extent of media…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of media coverage on offenders convicted of occupational fraud and corruption in the UK. It examines the extent of media coverage and provides insights into the experiences of offenders.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based upon interviews with 17 convicted offenders, and on a content analysis of one national and two regional newspapers in the UK.

Findings

The findings suggest that offenders convicted of occupational crime and corruption are more likely to experience media coverage than previously assumed and that personal digital criminal legacies create long-term labels which lead to economic strains and social fractures that hinder productive reintegration into society.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited by a small sample frame in the UK. Nevertheless, the findings suggest further research is required as they have important implications for privacy and rehabilitation.

Practical implications

In particular, offenders and their families need support in dealing with their personal digital criminal legacies, accessing their privacy rights and coping with the strains created by online stigmatisation. From a policy perspective, the existing regulatory framework that supports rehabilitation in the UK, especially the increasingly archaic Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974, requires close examination and debate to ensure it is fit for the digital era. The findings also suggest that policies, practices and responsibilities of the public sector in employing offenders need to be examined.

Originality/value

It is a rare study of white-collar offenders after their release from prison. The findings are of relevance to criminal justice policy makers, rehabilitation services and academics.

Details

Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-05-2019-0033
ISSN: 2056-3841

Keywords

  • Offenders
  • Resettlement
  • Corruption
  • Fraud
  • White-collar crime
  • Media impact

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Book part
Publication date: 19 May 2009

“I bought this at eastern market”: Vending, value, and social relations in an urban street market

Robert J. Shepherd

This chapter examines the selling practices of street vendors at a popular weekend market in Washington, DC. I discuss the role of social and moral norms in vendors'…

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Abstract

This chapter examines the selling practices of street vendors at a popular weekend market in Washington, DC. I discuss the role of social and moral norms in vendors' behavior toward one another, customers, and their work. Vendor success in this marketplace over the long term is influenced not only by their products and sales skills, but also by their understanding and acceptance of an ethical framework partly shaped by stories they tell about each other. As such, this study illustrates the embedded nature of sellers in marketplaces, as opposed to theoretical notions of how abstract individuals are supposed to act in a decontextualized “market.” Furthermore, stories that arise from encounters between vendors and customers add value to the products people buy. Objects in this marketplace, then, gain value not only through the interaction of supply and demand, but also through buyer and seller interaction, which provides a narrative base for future communication.

Details

Economic Development, Integration, and Morality in Asia and the Americas
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0190-1281(2009)0000029016
ISBN: 978-1-84855-542-6

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Book part
Publication date: 9 June 2020

In Search of “The Complete Story”: Indigenous Peoples and Structural Inequalities in Global Policy Planning

Emma Gilberthorpe

Global/national policy planning is guided by economic methods and predictions of growth, where indicators of success are measured according to a dominant view of progress…

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Abstract

Global/national policy planning is guided by economic methods and predictions of growth, where indicators of success are measured according to a dominant view of progress and sustainable development. Yet, despite widespread ratification of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Peoples remain unrepresented in this dominant view. The structural and historical forces informing global policy thus inadvertently produce a pathway of development that is characterized by political, economic, and social exclusion where Indigenous Peoples’ agency, heritage, and culture remain marginalized. I argue that socio-cultural nuance (“the complete story”) is critical to policy planning if we are to honor the principal aim of the Sustainable Development Goals – “leave no-one behind”. This and other policy frameworks need an approach that is neither framed by Eurocentric objectives nor bound by measurable indicators. This requires consideration of Indigenous Worldviews in a way that mediates diverse social, economic, and political factors. In this chapter, I examine the limitations in current policy consultation practice, with a specific focus on the extractive industries sector, and examine the ways in which engagement with Indigenous Peoples’ “complete story” might inform policy in the pursuit of a sustainable development that leaves no-one behind and creates a bridge between dominant and marginalized forms of knowledge.

Details

Anthropological Enquiries into Policy, Debt, Business, and Capitalism
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0190-128120200000040002
ISBN: 978-1-83909-659-4

Keywords

  • Indigenous Peoples
  • sustainable development
  • policy planning
  • extractive industry
  • Papua New Guinea [Ok Tedi]
  • mining

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