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1 – 10 of over 207000This work discusses the use of exponentially and reciprocally decaying infinite elements and assesses their respective value for magnetostatic and eddy current problems. In…
Abstract
This work discusses the use of exponentially and reciprocally decaying infinite elements and assesses their respective value for magnetostatic and eddy current problems. In particular, the need for different decaying parameters for different materials is shown to be detrimental to their application in many practical situations. A simple method, whereby a 2‐D solution is used to find the approximate boundary conditions for a closely truncated 3‐D mesh is presented and shown to give good results without the complications of infinite elements. This method is applied to a large eddy current problem.
Y.C. Liu, H.A. ElMaraghy and K.F. Zhang
A knowledge‐based system for forming quadrilateral finite elements, XFORMQ, was developed at the Centre of Flexible Manufacturing Research and Development of McMaster University…
Abstract
A knowledge‐based system for forming quadrilateral finite elements, XFORMQ, was developed at the Centre of Flexible Manufacturing Research and Development of McMaster University, Canada. It automatically forms quadrilateral elements of good quality in conjunction with existing triangular mesh generators. XFORMQ can model geometries as complicated as those handled by triangular mesh generators. It allows for pre‐specified element sizes and rapid transition of element density. The concepts of ‘layer’ and ‘polygon patterns’, which considerably simplify the mesh generation rules and ensure the quality of formed elements, are introduced. Several test cases with different degrees of difficulties were used to evaluate XFORMQ's capabilities with satisfactory results. XFORMQ has the potential of generating meshes arising from the adaptive finite element analysis with quadrilateral elements.
This paper aims to investigate the internet web page metadata usage behavior in terms of their metadata element co‐occurrences. Metadata are designed to facilitate both web…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the internet web page metadata usage behavior in terms of their metadata element co‐occurrences. Metadata are designed to facilitate both web publishers/authors to organize their web pages and search engines to index the web pages accurately.
Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the types of metadata elements employed by different professional groups of web authors, the number of elements they prefer to use, and the types of element combinations they typically embed in their pages' HTML code.
Findings
The findings reveal that the “keyword” and “description” elements were the most popular single elements. The most popular combination of two elements was that of “keyword and description”. Very few authors included combinations of five elements. This study also shows that preferences for element combinations varied by domains.
Originality/value
This approach will enhance the current understanding of metadata usage behavior and may help search engine designers as they continue their quest for improved indexing and retrieval of web pages.
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Hirokazu Ohashi, Shinya Igarashi and Tsutomu Nagaoka
As forestry contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by CO2 fixation, in recent years, use of wood in buildings has attracted all over the world more attention. However…
Abstract
Purpose
As forestry contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by CO2 fixation, in recent years, use of wood in buildings has attracted all over the world more attention. However, construction of large wood structures is almost inexistent within urban areas in Japan. This is due to the Japanese law on fire protection of wood buildings in cities, which is considered very strict with severe requirements. This paper aims to present a research work relative to the development of one-hour fire-resistant wood structural elements for buildings in cities. The developed elements are composed of three layers made of laminated timber.
Design/methodology/approach
These wood structural elements, made of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop, have sufficient fire resistance during and after a fire and comply with the strict Japanese standard for wood structural elements, which stipulates that such elements have to withstand the whole dead-load of concerned buildings after fire. To comply with such requirements, new elements of glued laminated timber with self-charring-stop layer were developed, and their performance was confirmed. Several fire-resistant tests conducted on columns, beams, column-beam joints, connections between beams and walls and beams with holes were carried out.
Findings
All tests proved that the elements have sufficient fire resistance. No damage was found out at the load-bearing part of the elements after testing. As the developed elements have two layers protecting the load-bearing part, the temperature in the load-bearing part could be retained below 260°C (carbonization temperature) and provide the elements with a sufficient fire resistance for 1 h.
Practical implications
These wood structural elements have already been applied in six projects, where large-size wooden buildings were constructed in urban areas in Japan.
Originality/value
The proposed structural elements use a novel technique. Every wooden element is composed of three layers made of glued laminated timber. The elements have a typical performance of self-charring-stop after fire without need for water of firefighters. More technologies related to these elements, including column-beam joints and beams with holes and effect of crack, were also developed to design and construct safe wooden buildings.
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Hirokatsu Katagiri, Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Kazuya Kishida and Keiichi Morinaga
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the usefulness of characteristics analysis of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor using the 3‐D finite element method (FEM) with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the usefulness of characteristics analysis of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor using the 3‐D finite element method (FEM) with prismatic elements from the view point of the accuracy and the calculation time.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyzed characteristics of an IPM motor applied by the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage source using the 3‐D FEM with prismatic elements and with tetrahedral elements; then compared the calculated results and the calculation time using prismatic elements with those using tetrahedral elements.
Findings
It was found that the calculated current and torque, and eddy current loss using prismatic elements are almost the same as those using tetrahedral elements. The calculation time using prismatic elements is shorter than that using tetrahedral elements.
Originality/value
This paper verifies the usefulness of the 3‐D FEM with prismatic elements through characteristics analysis of an IPM motor driven by the PWM voltage source.
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In this paper, we introduce the concept of a supporting set for a general system. We study basic properties of supporting sets for a general system, supporting sets for subsytems…
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concept of a supporting set for a general system. We study basic properties of supporting sets for a general system, supporting sets for subsytems of a system, homomorphic images of supporting sets for a system, and supporting sets for free sums and direct sums of systems.
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Mohd Hanafi Azman Ong and Nur Syafikah Ibrahim
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of gamification design elements on social play habit and we-intention to continue playing in a mobile multiplayer game…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of gamification design elements on social play habit and we-intention to continue playing in a mobile multiplayer game context. The study further intends to reveal the mediating role of social play habit in the relationship between gamification design elements and we-intention to continue playing.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model was empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 292 PUBG users based in Malaysia. PLS-SEM analysis was used to assess the model since it includes formative and reflective constructs.
Findings
The results indicated that gamification design elements significantly affect social play habit in a positive direction. In the simultaneous condition, social play habit also significantly affects the we-intention to continue playing the mobile multiplayer game. However, these three elements of gamification design did not significantly affect the formation of we-intention to continue playing in the context of mobile multiplayer games. Notably, social play habit was found to fully mediate the relationships between immersive-related interaction, achievement-related interaction, social-related interaction and we-intention to continue playing.
Research limitations/implications
This study highlights the importance of social play habits as a factor linking the relationship between gamification design elements and we-intention to continue playing. In addition, this study also provides significant insights for the game creators to emphasise the gamification design elements so that the sustainability of the game can be secured from the perspective of retaining the current users through the social play habit element.
Originality/value
The study is noteworthy because it is the first attempt to use gamification design elements to explain how social play habit affect the formation of we-intention to continue playing in the setting of a mobile multiplayer game environment. In addition, the findings may add to the body of knowledge in the field of gamification theory.
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Neringa Vilkaite - Vaitone, Sigita Kirse, Karina Adomaviciute - Sakalauske, Vytautas Dikcius and Ignas Zimaitis
This study aims to explore the use of gamification elements by micro and small e-tailers to enhance customer loyalty. Additionally, this research seeks to identify the most…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the use of gamification elements by micro and small e-tailers to enhance customer loyalty. Additionally, this research seeks to identify the most promising gamification elements that can be utilised for this purpose.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt a qualitative approach to examine the impact of gamification on online customer loyalty to micro and small e-tailers. Data were gathered using a combination of two types of expert interviews. Semi-structured interviews were held with micro and small e-tailers while large e-tailers served as the control group. Structured interviews based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) models were conducted to determine the most promising gamification elements.
Findings
The content analysis reveals that gamification has significant potential for fostering customer loyalty and offering various other benefits. However, small e-tailers often refrain from implementing gamification solutions due to the resource requirements in terms of finances, time, information technology and human capital. By assigning weights as an essential step in MCDA models, the authors determined that badges, medals, quests, avatars and competitions are the most promising gamification options for small e-tailers’ efforts to enhance customer loyalty.
Originality/value
The study makes a unique contribution to the understanding of the usefulness of gamification in augmenting customer loyalty and identifying essential gamification elements for micro and small e-tailers.
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Yurika Mori and Bart Dewancker
This study is about the expression of sketches in Steven Holl's architectural works. Holl shares his architectural ideas as watercolors with his staff, and he has established an…
Abstract
Purpose
This study is about the expression of sketches in Steven Holl's architectural works. Holl shares his architectural ideas as watercolors with his staff, and he has established an original notational expression for the design process. This study investigates the elements of sketches as a notation method and examines the timeline changes.
Design/methodology/approach
Classification will be conducted using KJ method (Kawakita Jiro method), a method for organizing information developed by the Japanese cultural anthropologist Kawakita Jiro. Using the KJ method, this study compiled a list as a table about the pictures, letters, etc. in the sketches and grouped them together in the same attributes. The attributes that were grouped together were identified as elements of the sketches.
Findings
As a result, in the early 1970s, Holl used only line drawings for sketches, but since the 1980s, watercolor sketches have been increasingly used. Extracting the elements of sketches, it can divide them into drawing and describing expressions and classify them into three main types of pictorial expressions: Overview, Plan and Concept.
Originality/value
This study has shown that the closer the sketches were to the present, the more they combined elements of a more complex sketch with letters and symbols as well as pictorial expressions. This is the first study to investigate about sketch representations established as notations by Steven Holl. This study identified the elements that make the architectural concept visible through sketches.
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Kerstin Weinberg and Ulrich Gabbert
The paper presents a new technique for a compatible transition from a h‐refined to a p‐refined finite element mesh. At one or more faces of particularly designed pNh‐transition…
Abstract
The paper presents a new technique for a compatible transition from a h‐refined to a p‐refined finite element mesh. At one or more faces of particularly designed pNh‐transition elements a low order h‐discretization may be combined with a usual p‐mesh in the other parts of the elements. The pNh‐elements are conform finite elements which can be applied in an adaptive scheme controlled by a residue based error estimate. Typical applications which require strongly a local mesh refinement within a p‐finite element mesh are, e.g. the approximation of high gradients and the determination of contact areas. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the pNh‐element technique for such problems.
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