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Normalair‐Garrett Ltd., (Stand No. N31) part of the Westland plc Group of Yeovil, Somerset, is exhibiting a wide range of products which demonstrate the company's diverse capabilities in control systems and precision components for the aerospace industry.

It was a good Farnborough Show … for those who went to see the flying displays and the weather was a great consolation. But it was an unusual Farnborough in some respects, first because of the good weather and this does bear repetition, and it does make such a difference to setting up the Show to its progress through the week and to the mood of the people there.

On show for the first time, a new and unique super lightweight headset to be known as the Minilite will be the main feature of the Amplivox Communications stand at the Paris Salon.

Advanced facility for design development and manufacture of gas turbine electronic controls

This paper aims to present the results of physical analysis that was conducted on Toyota's electronic engine control system including accelerator pedal position sensors (APPSs). The paper overviews the analyses and focuses on the discovery of tin whiskers found in the accelerator pedal assembly, which are an electrical failure concern.

Analytical techniques such as X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are utilized to present a construction analysis of the APPS.

The use of a tin finish in the APPS is a cause for concern. Tin finishes are known to produce metal whiskers that are conductive and capable of creating unintended current leakage paths. In the analysis, a significant number of tin whiskers were found.

The methodology discussed in this paper can be implemented to inspect for tin whiskers in the APPSs.

The paper begins a construction analysis of different parts of the Toyota engine control module and APPSs and then moves on to highlight electronics design issues that can comprise the engine control system and cause unintended consequences.

To give a background to the automotive sensor industry and consider recent developments in sensors used in vehicle safety systems.

This paper describes the early development of the automotive sensor industry and gives examples of present‐day applications. It subsequently discusses development in advanced vehicle safety systems.

The advent of cost‐effective electronics in 1970 led to the development of numerous automotive systems such as electronic engine management which use a diversity of sensors. Since, the 1990s, safety has emerged as a major consideration and features such as traction control, ABS, stability control systems and air bags have been applied across a wide sector of the industry. New active safety systems which respond to passenger weight and position, as well as collision avoidance systems which can sense the vehicle's external environment are being developed and applied widely. These are fuelling the automotive sensor market which is forecast to reach 2.24 billion units per annum by 2010.Safety system integration is a major theme of present developments.

This paper shows that customer demands for enhanced safety have driven the development and rapid adoption of advanced vehicle safety systems. This has boosted the markets for automotive sensors.

Describes how the Next Generation (NG) Boeing 737‐600/700/800/900 flight deck uses either of two instrument panels. One is based on the 737‐300/400/500 series and the other on the 777 and 747‐400. These are more commonly known as the EFIS/MAP and the PFD/ND layouts, respectively. The article goes on to describe the flight deck of the Boeing 717 which first flew last year, and how this has been adapted from previous designs.

AVIONICS, meaning the application of electronics to airborne systems and equipment, is now both a convenient and acceptable description. The word avionics began to be used extensively in aviation literature about ten years ago. The earliest references to its use are in North America in the mid‐fifties.

FORWARD looking technical activities within the Aviation Division of Smiths Industries Ltd. will represent a major part of their research expenditure over the next few years. Current and forward projects include: the application of digital techniques to flight and engine control systems; electronic head up and head down displays and instrumentation; the development of radiation pyrometry for gas turbines; investigation into new methods of fuel measurement including nuclear radiation; the development of new types of instrumentation such as numeric indicators, electronic clocks and fuel management clocks.

A radically new jet engine, the PW4000, designed to save airlines hundreds of millions of dollars a year in fuel and maintenance costs, will be developed by United Technologies' Pratt & Whitney Group, the company said recently.