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Article
Publication date: 7 June 2011

Kathrin Grzeschik, Yevgeniya Kruppa, Diana Marti and Paul Donner

The purpose of these experiments is to find out whether and how reading behavior might be influenced by reading devices.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of these experiments is to find out whether and how reading behavior might be influenced by reading devices.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, three experiments, the first one more independent from the second and third, investigate how European Library and Information Science students react to electronic reading devices, unfamiliar as they are with them. The second and third experiments explore implications such as reading rate, concentration and symptoms of fatigue in conjunction with electronic reading devices. Test objects were the Sony eBook Reader, the IREX iLiad, LCD computer screens, Laptops and the Smart Phone HTC Touch HD in comparison with printed documents and books.

Findings

Contrary to common opinion, the results indicate a trend that concentration and/or reading rates do not suffer from reading on electronic reading devices. Further, it was found that influences on reading rate and concentration are posed rather by the individual reading behavior of a person, as well as by the nature of a text (scholarly or novelistic), than by the reading devices used.

Research limitations/implications

Problems included the limited means to acquire technical support. The first experiment, in particular, suffered from inadequate equipment such as audio recordings that were too quiet. The value of the statistics is limited by the small number of test subjects and test runs. Additionally, the test persons had differing experience in reading with an electronic device. Two had used an electronic reading device before, whilst the others never had.

Originality/value

Based on the findings in recent literature, experiments such as this have rarely been conducted. Research in this particular field, i.e. print vs screen reading performance in adults, is sparse in recent history and more often done through examining personal preferences. To the knowledge of the authors, the research has never been done from the perspective of Library and Information Science (LIS). The preliminary results question common assumptions and theses.

Details

The Electronic Library, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-0473

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 2021

Hoi Yin Yu, Yan Yung Tsoi, Anthony Hae Ryong Rhim, Dickson K.W. Chiu and Mavis Man-Wai Lung

A rising trend has been observed to minimize extraneous cognitive load when reading by enhancing secondary knowledge through technology. For the readers to comprehend information…

Abstract

Purpose

A rising trend has been observed to minimize extraneous cognitive load when reading by enhancing secondary knowledge through technology. For the readers to comprehend information more efficiently in their cognitive architecture, instructional procedures, which are secondary knowledge, should be aligned with the modern technology environment. With continual, rapid technological advances in modern society, people have changed their news reading habits after using mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and e-readers.

Design/methodology/approach

This research employed a quantitative survey to compare the changes in the news reading habits of the undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students in the Library and Information Management program of a university in Hong Kong after using mobile devices to read electronic news. A total of 102 responses were collected, which comprised 51 UGs and 51 PGs, respectively (the student population for the program was around 100 UGs and 100 PGs).

Findings

Survey results showed that mobile devices had changed the respondents’ habit of reading news to read more content on phones, with a variation on news categories. Such changes included the duration and location of news discussion among the respondents that shorter periods were used to read and that more people read while traveling and in restaurants. Notably, reading the news helped respondents in their learning. Most respondents preferred to read electronic news by using mobile devices. The convenience of reading and discussing news may also cause a potential threat that intensifies disputes, arguments or even bullying on controversial issues.

Originality/value

This study confirmed that the usage of the mobile devices changed the respondents’ habit of reading news. This user group constitutes the future generation of information specialists in various disciplines. This study fills the research gap of finding students’ reading habits when using mobile devices, especially in East Asia. Educators are encouraged to recommend relevant news content to students to improve their general knowledge base and arouse their interest in reading and discussing related news topics.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 40 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 June 2019

Behzad Foroughi, Khairul Anuar Mohammad Shah, Thurasamy Ramayah and Mohammad Iranmanesh

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of peripheral service quality on football match spectators’ emotions and behavioural intention.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of peripheral service quality on football match spectators’ emotions and behavioural intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from a survey of 342 spectators of professional league football in Malaysia and analysed using the partial least squares technique.

Findings

The results illustrated the significant role of both pleasant and unpleasant emotions in forming spectators’ behavioural intentions. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the drivers of pleasant and unpleasant emotions are different. While entertainment, electronic devices and stadium announcers have positive effects on pleasant emotion, facilities and electronic devices have negative effects on unpleasant emotion. Entertainment, electronic devices and stadium announcers have indirect effects on behavioural intentions through pleasant emotions. Unpleasant emotions mediated the effects of facilities and electronic devices on behavioural intentions.

Originality/value

The findings of this study suggest that football marketers must understand the crucial role of peripheral service quality and spectators’ emotions. Through stimulating pleasant emotions in spectators and preventing unpleasant emotions from arising, football marketers can ensure that these spectators will attend football stadiums.

Details

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1464-6668

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 July 2007

Kaiçar Ammous, Slim Abid and Anis Ammous

The paper aims to focus on the semiconductor temperature prediction in the multichip modules by using a simplified 1D model, easy to implement in the electronic simulation tools.

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to focus on the semiconductor temperature prediction in the multichip modules by using a simplified 1D model, easy to implement in the electronic simulation tools.

Design/methodology/approach

Accurate prediction of temperature variation of power semiconductor devices in power electronic circuits is important for obtaining optimum designs and estimating reliability levels. Temperature estimation of power electronic devices has generally been performed using transient thermal equivalent circuits. This paper has studied the thermal behaviour of the power modules. The study leads to correcting the junction temperature values estimated from the transient thermal impedance of each component operating alone. The corrections depend on multidimensional thermal phenomena in the structure.

Findings

The classic analysis of thermal phenomena in the multichip structures, independently of powers’ dissipated magnitude and boundary conditions, is not correct. An advanced 1D thermal model based on the finite element method is proposed. It takes into account the effect of the heat‐spreading angle of the different devices in the module.

Originality/value

The paper focuses on mathematical model of the thermal behaviour in the power module. The study leads to a correction of the junction temperature values estimated from the transient thermal impedance of each component given by manufacturers. The proposed model gives a good trade‐off between accuracy, efficiency and simulation cost.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 24 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2001

Ana Arias Terry

Electronic ink and reusable electronic paper technology are painting their way out of R&D labs and into the world of signage, e‐books, and other hand‐held devices. This paper…

2068

Abstract

Electronic ink and reusable electronic paper technology are painting their way out of R&D labs and into the world of signage, e‐books, and other hand‐held devices. This paper examines the evolving technology, the companies leading the efforts, and the possible applications and implications for publishing and academia. It offers some insights on market speculation from members of the professional and academic publishing community, industry analysts and venture capitalists. The paper concludes by making a few observations on current and future technological trends and their impact on the higher education market and society.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2000

M. Kia, E. Shayan and F. Ghotb

Information technology has become an essential part of the rapid and accurate transfer and processing of enormous volumes of data processed in international transport firms and…

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Abstract

Information technology has become an essential part of the rapid and accurate transfer and processing of enormous volumes of data processed in international transport firms and port organisations. The proper management of systems, which process this information and communicate it to those who manage port operations, is vital for efficient transport. This explains why container‐tracking systems are given high priority among operational computer applications in ports. Investigates the importance of information technology and its role in improving the operational systems in cargo handling. A computer simulation model is developed to compare two different operational systems – a container terminal equipped with electronic devices versus a terminal without such devices. The importance of information technology in supply‐chain management is also discussed.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 30 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0960-0035

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 September 2010

Keith Cameron and Chris Doughty

An ageing population will include increasing numbers of people who have mobility problems, and many who will be unable to perform personal care tasks such as toileting. Support…

Abstract

An ageing population will include increasing numbers of people who have mobility problems, and many who will be unable to perform personal care tasks such as toileting. Support for these groups is likely to be provided by a combination of human carers and electromechanical telecare devices. Many of the technologies that will be needed are already available, and the challenge may be to make them aesthetically appealing to the users. This paper describes some of the current approaches and the likely emergence of robotic devices or personal electronic appliances that will offer people an alternative means of support when they feel that they are unable to perform tasks for themselves. The devices may provide telecare monitoring so that people are only able to accept the electromechanical support when it is actually needed.

Details

Journal of Assistive Technologies, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-9450

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 August 2015

Wojciech Stęplewski, Mateusz Mroczkowski, Radoslav Darakchiev, Konrad Futera and Grażyna Kozioł

The purpose of this study was the use of embedded components technology and innovative concepts of the printed circuit board (PCB) for electronic modules containing…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was the use of embedded components technology and innovative concepts of the printed circuit board (PCB) for electronic modules containing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices with a large number of pins (e.g. Virtex 6, FF1156/RF1156 package, 1,156 pins).

Design/methodology/approach

In the multi-layered boards, embedded passive components that support FPGA device input/output (I/O), such as blocking capacitors and pull-up resistors, were used. These modules can be used in rapid design of electronic devices. In the study, the MC16T FaradFlex material was used for the inner capacitive layer. The Ohmega-Ply RCM 25 Ω/sq material was used to manufacture pull-up resistors for high-frequency pins. The embedded components have been connected to pins of the FPGA component by using plated-through holes for capacitors and blind vias for resistors. Also, a technique for a board-to-board joining, by using castellated terminations, is described.

Findings

The fully functional modules for assembly of the FPGA were manufactured. Achieved resistance of embedded micro resistors, as small as the smallest currently used surface-mount device components (01005), was below required tolerance of 10 per cent. Obtained tolerance of capacitors was less than 3 per cent. Use of embedded components allowed to replace the pull-up resistors and blocking capacitors and shortens the signal path from the I/O of the FPGA. Correct connection to the castellated terminations with a very small pitch was also obtained. This allows in further planned studies to create a full signal distribution system from the FPGA without the use of unreliable plug connectors in aviation and space technology.

Originality/value

This study developed and manufactured several innovative concepts of signal distribution from printed circuit boards. The signal distribution solutions were integrated with embedded components, which allowed for significant reduction in the signal path. This study allows us to build the target object that is the module for rapid design of the FPGA device. Usage of a pre-designed module would lessen the time needed to develop a FPGA-based device, as a significant part of the necessary work (mainly designing the signal and power fan-out) will already be done during the module development.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 41 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1988

T. Kwikkers, J. Lantaires, R.B. Turnbull, H.T. Law, Barry George and Dave Savage

On 20 April ISHM‐Benelux held its 1988 Spring meeting at the Grand Hotel Heerlen. This meeting was totally devoted to implantable devices, in particular to the technologies used…

Abstract

On 20 April ISHM‐Benelux held its 1988 Spring meeting at the Grand Hotel Heerlen. This meeting was totally devoted to implantable devices, in particular to the technologies used for these high reliability, extremely demanding devices. For this meeting ISHM‐Benelux was the guest of the Kerkrade facility of Medtronic. Medtronic (headquartered in Minneapolis, USA) is the world's leading manufacturer of implantable electronic devices. Apart from the assembly of pacemakers and heart‐wires, the Kerkrade facility acts as a manufacturing technology centre for Medtronic's European facilities.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Article
Publication date: 16 September 2020

Kamil Janeczek, Aneta Araźna, Wojciech Stęplewski, Marek Kościelski, Krzysztof Lipiec, Ireneusz Rafalik, Sebastian Karolewski, Dorota Liszewska and Anna Sitek

The purpose of this study is to design and fabricate a simple passive sensor circuitry embedded into a printed circuit board (PCB) and then to examine its properties.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to design and fabricate a simple passive sensor circuitry embedded into a printed circuit board (PCB) and then to examine its properties.

Design/methodology/approach

A passive sensor transponder integrated circuit (IC) working in the high frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz frequency band was selected for this study. A loop antenna was designed to make the reported sensor circuitry readable. Next, the sensor circuitry was fabricated and embedded into a PCB with the proposed technologies. Finally, properties of the embedded structures were examined as well-functional parameters of the sensor circuitries.

Findings

The described investigation results confirmed that the proposed technologies using an epoxy resin or standard materials used for PCB’s production allowed to successfully produce sensors embedded into PCBs. This technology did not have a negative significant impact either on quality of solder joints of the assembled transponder IC or on functional properties of the embedded sensor. Apart from the identification data, the reported sensor can provide information about a selected property of its environment, e.g. temperature when its internal temperature sensitive element is used or other factors with the use of external sensitive elements, such as humidity.

Research limitations/implications

It is planned to carry on the reported investigations to examine other types of sensor circuitries capable of indicating e.g. humidity level and to evaluate influence of the proposed technology on their functional properties.

Practical implications

The reported sensor circuitries can be successfully used in electronic industry in internet of things systems not only to identify monitored electronic devices, but also to control selected parameters of external environment. This creates opportunity to detect device malfunction by detecting local temperature growth or to analyze its environment, which might allow to predict failure of controlled products using radio waves. This advantage seems to be extremely beneficial for applications, such as space, aviation or military, in which embedded sensor systems may lead to enhancing reliability of electronic devices by reacting on occurred failures in a more efficient way.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates valuable information for engineers conducting research on sensor components embedded into PCBs. The reported technologies are quite simple and cost-effective because of the use of standard materials known for PCB’s production or an epoxy resin which could be treated as an additional encapsulant material enhancing mechanical properties of the embedded sensor transponder IC.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 37 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

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