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The purpose of this paper is to study an electromagnetic (EM) wiping process based on the EM brake (EMB) principle for hot‐dip galvanizing lines. This EMB system must act complementary to a classical air wiping system for higher drag out velocities for which the only air wiping system is no more sufficient.

At first, the basic phenomena of the braking of a liquid driven by an upcoming strip thanks to a DC magnetic field are analyzed with a simplified analytical model. This model shows the influence of different relevant parameters such as the magnetic field intensity or the strip upcoming velocity. Then, a 2D numeric finite elements model coupling the EMs, the fluid mechanics and a deformed mesh technique is set up and shows clearly the braking effect on the liquid zinc. At last, some first results of a 3D extension of the former 2D model are shown, mainly concerning the end effects on the edge of the strip. This EM wipe effect has been experimentally demonstrated in a prototype hot‐dip galvanizing line.

The paper shows the possibility of controlling the thickness of a liquid zinc layer thanks to a DC magnetic field produced by high‐intensity permanent magnets.

Such an innovative way of wiping liquid zinc thanks to a DC magnetic field is able to wipe liquid zinc excess and control the liquid layer thickness with a low electric losses level. This is a major advantage compared with other known wiping techniques such as high‐frequency pin‐shaped inductors which may imply an overheating of the liquid zinc.

This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE) applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metal forming, non‐metal forming, powder metallurgy and composite material processing are briefly discussed. The range of applications of finite elements on these subjects is extremely wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of the paper is to give FE researchers/users only an encyclopaedic view of the different possibilities that exist today in the various fields mentioned above. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on finite element applications in material processing for 1994‐1996, where 1,370 references are listed. This bibliography is an updating of the paper written by Brannberg and Mackerle which has been published in Engineering Computations, Vol. 11 No. 5, 1994, pp. 413‐55.

The classical Preisach model and its modifications are one of the most generally applied simulations to model the behavior of magnetic materials, to describe hysteresis phenomena and different properties, as noncongruent minor loops, frequency dependence, temperature dependence, accommodation, and so on. Artificial neural networks (NNs) are widely used in fields of research where the solution of problems with conventional methods on traditional computers is very difficult to work out, for example system identification, modeling and function approximation. NNs can be considered as universal approximation for functions based on the theorem of Kolmogorov‐Arnold. In this paper a new NN model of scalar hysteresis characteristics is introduced. The examined method is built on the function approximation and continuous interpolation capability of NNs. The anhysteretic magnetization curve and a set of the ascending and a set of the descending first order reversal branches can be stored in a system of three neural networks. Different properties of magnetic materials can be simulated by a simple knowledge‐based algorithm. Value of differential susceptibility can be expressed in analytical form. Finally hysteresis characteristics predicted by the introduced model are compared with the results of the Preisach simulation.

The purpose of this paper is to present a Preisach model to simulate the vector hysteresis properties of ferromagnetic materials.

The vector behavior has been studied at low frequency applying a single‐sheet tester with a round‐shaped specimen, and the locus of the magnetic flux density vector has been controlled by a digital measurement system. An inverse vector Preisach hysteresis model has been developed and identified by using the measured data.

Finally, the inverse model has been inserted into a finite element procedure through the combination of the fixed point technique and the reduced magnetic scalar potential formulation. The developed single‐sheet tester measurement system has been simulated. The applicability of the realized measurement system as well as the developed model has been proven by comparing measured and simulated results.

The identification technique is original, based on a previous work of the author.

Anti‐static Liquid Announced by a London firm is the introduction of their C.S.L. anti‐static liquid. It is claimed that plastic surfaces wiped over with this liquid will remain free from dust for several months. CT 1681

The present study aims to summarize different non-invasive techniques for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic patients using glucose-oxidase biosensors. In diabetic patients, the self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels through minimally invasive techniques provides a quick method of measuring their BG concentration, unlike conventional laboratory measurements. The drawbacks of minimally invasive techniques include physical pain, anxiety and reduced patient compliance. To overcome these limitations, researchers shifted their attention towards the development of a pain-free and non-invasive glucose monitoring system, which showed encouraging results.

This study reviews the development of minimally and non-invasive method for continuous glucose level monitoring in diabetic or hyperglycemic patients. Specifically, glucose monitoring using non-invasive techniques, such as spectroscopy-based methods, polarimetry, fluorescence, electromagnetic variations, transdermal extraction-based methods and using body fluids, has been discussed. The various strategies adopted for improving the overall specificity and performance of biosensors are discussed.

In conclusion, the technology of glucose oxidase-based biosensors for glucose level monitoring is becoming a strong competitor, probably because of high specificity and selectivity, low cost and increased patient compliance. Many industries currently working in this field include Google, Novartis and Microsoft, which demonstrates the significance and strong market potential of self-monitored glucose-oxidase-based biosensors in the near future.

This review paper summarizes comprehensive strategies for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic patients using non-invasive glucose-oxidase biosensors. Non-invasive techniques received significant research interest because of high sensitivity and better patient compliance, unlike invasive ones. Although the results from these innovative devices require frequent calibration against direct BG data, they might be a preferable candidate for future CGM. However, the challenges associated with designing accurate level sensors to biomonitor BG data easily and painlessly needs to be addressed.

Health and safety regulations apart, there are sound economic reasons for keeping the workplace clean and tidy — and a comprehensive range of products and services to meet the need.

With the drastically changed pattern of the retail food trade in recent years in which the retailer's role has become little more than that of a provider of shelves for commodities, processed, prepared, packed and weighed by manufacturers, the defence afforded by the provisions of Section 113, Food and Drugs Act, 1955 has really come into its own. Nowadays it is undoubtedly the most commonly pleaded statutory defence. Because this pattern of trade would seem to offer scope for the use of the warranty defence (Sect. 115) in food prosecutions it is a little strange that this defence is not used more often.

THE Funk Gerat 10 equipment is the latest standardized type, and is installed in all the later bombers and reconnaissance machines of the Luftwaffe.