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This paper aims to present harmonic response of magneto‐electro‐elastic cylinder by quasi‐static and fully dynamic electromagnetic theories. The quasi‐static assumption uses magnetic scalar potential whereas magnetic vector potential is employed in a fully dynamic model.

The electric field induced by time varying magnetic field is non‐conservative and can be described by electric scalar potential and magnetic vector potentials.

The magnitude of vector potential is dominant in axial and circumferential direction whereas the magnetic flux density is significant in radial direction. Magnetic scalar potential approach evaluates only the radial component of magnetic flux density and electric field intensity is reasonably the same as that of the magnetic vector potential approach.

Semi‐analytical finite element method is used in this paper and the vector potential is formulated in cylindrical coordinates.

Introduces the fourth and final chapter of the ISEF 1999 Proceedings by stating electric and magnetic fields are influenced, in a reciprocal way, by thermal and mechanical fields. Looks at the coupling of fields in a device or a system as a prescribed effect. Points out that there are 12 contributions included ‐ covering magnetic levitation or induction heating, superconducting devices and possible effects to the human body due to electric impressed fields.

A convection‐diffusion‐reaction scheme is proposed in this study to simulate the high gradient electroosmotic flow behavior in microchannels. The equations governing the total electric field include the Laplace equation for the effective electrical potential and the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation for the electrical potential in the electric double layer.

Mixed electroosmotic/pressure‐driven flow in a straight microchannel is studied with the emphasis on the Joule heat in the equations of motion. The nonlinear behaviors resulting from the hydrodynamic, thermal and electrical three‐field coupling and the temperature‐dependent fluid viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical permittivity, and conductivity of the investigated buffer solution are analyzed.

The solutions computed from the employed flux discretization scheme for the hydrodynamic, thermal and electric field equations have been verified to have good agreement with the analytical solution. Parametric studies have been carried out by varying the electrical conductivity at the fixed zeta potential and varying the zeta potential at the fixed electrical conductivity.

Investigation is also addressed on the predicted velocity boundary layer and the electric double layer near the negatively charged channel wall.

Sources have been described of corrosively hazardous electric fields and methods of determination of the corrosion hazard to metal structures caused by electrolytic corrosion. Results of potential and impedance investigations in the field of stray currents flowing out of a tram traction and in the presence of a defined electric field of low frequency have been presented. Uncertainties have been indicated relating to the generally accepted interpretation principles of measurement results in the presence of electric fields. The possibility has been indicated of incorporating the impedance spectroscopy technique to potential‐voltage investigations, allowing estimation of the real corrosion interaction of stray currents on underground structures.

The tactile sensor with array structure normally has the defects of existing nondetection zone, complex and nonstretchable structure. It is difficult to seamlessly attach to the surface of the robot. For this reason, this paper proposes a method to prepare nonarray structure tactile sensor directly on the surface of the robot by spraying process.

Based on the principle of gradient potential distribution, the potential fields are constructed in two different directions over the conductive film in time-sharing. The potentials at touching position in the two directions are detected to determine the coordinate of the touching point. The designed tactile sensor based on this principle consists of only three layers. Its bottom layer is designed as a weak conductive film made of graphite coating and used to construct the potential field. It can be sprayed either on PET substrate or directly on robot surface.

The radial basis function neural network is used for remodeling the potential distribution, which can effectively solve the problem of nonlinear potential distribution caused by irregular sensor shape, and uneven conductivity at different points of the spraying coating. The simulation and experimental results show that the principle of the proposed tactile sensor used for touching position detection is feasible to be applied to complex surfaces of the robot.

This paper proposed a nonarray customizable tactile sensor based on the spraying process. The sensor has a simple structure, and only five lead wires are needed to realize the coordinate detection of the touch position.

This paper aims to focus on the finite element method in the frequency domain (FD-FEM) for the transient electric field in the non-sinusoidal steady state under the non-sinusoidal periodic voltage excitation.

Firstly, the boundary value problem of the transient electric field in the frequency domain is described, and the finite element equation of the FD-FEM is derived by Galerkin’s method. Secondly, the constrained electric field equation on the boundary in the frequency domain (FD-CEFEB) is also derived, which can solve the electric field intensity on the boundary and the dielectric interface with high accuracy. Thirdly, the calculation procedures of the FD-FEM with FD-CEFEB are introduced in detail. Finally, a numerical example of the press-packed insulated gate bipolar transistor under the working condition of the repetitive turn-on and turn-off is given.

The FD-CEFEB improves numerical accuracy of electric field intensity on the boundary and interfacial charge density, which can be achieved by modifying the existing FD-FEMs’ code in appropriate steps. Moreover, the proposed FD-FEM and the FD-CEFEB will only increase calculation costs by a little compared with the traditional FD-FEMs.

The FD-CEFEB can directly solve the electric field intensity on the boundary and the dielectric interface with high accuracy. This paper provides a new FD-FEM for the transient electric field in the non-sinusoidal steady state with high accuracy, which is suitable for combined insulation structure with a long time constant.

Finite difference method (FDM) is a very useful and simple tool in determining electrical potential field of two‐dimensional geometries, such as integrated circuit (IC) planar resistors. It is very accurate and its accuracy can be easily controlled by changing the grid size. One limitation of the FDM, however, is that it computes potentials at predetermined grid points only. Unlike the finite element method (FEM), it does not compute potential functions that can be used to interpolate potentials at the points that are not located at the grid, or to use these functions in determining other quantities based upon the computed potential such as electric field intensity. This paper describes a method that is a combination of the FDM and FEM. It retains the simplicity and accuracy of the FDM. Yet, like the FEM, it provides potential functions that can be used for interpolation and post‐processing of potential. The combined FDM‐FEM method is used to determine the potential functions of an IC planar resistor. The results are in agreement with analytically derived results. The approach we have developed is simple yet accurate and thus of use in professional engineering work.

This study aims to propose a contactless and continuous dielectrophoretic cell-separation device using quadrupole electric field. To examine the separation performance, numerical simulations of the electric field in the cross-section of the glass capillary installed in the center of the quadrupole electrode were conducted.

To estimate the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force induced on cells, electrostatic analysis was performed by using a boundary-fitted coordinate system.Distribution of the electric field and gradient of the electric field square in the cross-section of the glass capillary were simulated for various ratios of radii of the glass capillary to the electrode rod.

The distribution of the electric field was found to have a cone-like profile about the center axis of the glass capillary with maximum at the internal surface of the glass capillary. The magnitude of the gradient of electric field square had similar distribution as that of the electric field, but had steeper slope near the internal surface of the glass capillary. The optimal values of the ratio of radii and the applied voltage were also estimated to achieve the local electric field strength suitable for cell separation.

One major advantage of the proposed device is simple and low fabrication cost, in addition to its contactless structure free from cell damage. Derived knowledge is instructive in achieving high-throughput cell separation without the use of devices of complex structure.

There are two conflicting views about electromagnetic phenomena. The first is based on the action between stationary and moving particles of electric charge and the second on energy distributions in electric and magnetic fields. The difference between these approaches is seen most clearly in the roles assigned to the potentials. According to the particle view the potentials convey the force from one particle to another, whereas in the field approach the potentials are system parameters related to the field energy. The article compares the two views and concludes that the particle view faces impossible difficulties because it ascribes local significance to quantities which are unobservable and conflicts with the quantum‐mechanical understanding of charge as a statistical distribution.

High resolution simulations of body-internal electric field strengths induced by magneto-quasistatic fields from wireless power transfer systems are computationally expensive. The exposure simulation can be split into two separate simulation steps allowing the calculation of the magnetic flux density distribution, which serves as input into the second simulation step to calculate the body-internal electric fields. In this work, the magnetic flux density is interpolated from in situ measurements in combination with the scalar-potential finite difference scheme to calculate the resulting body-internal field. These calculations are supposed to take less than 5 s to achieve a near real-time visualization of these fields on mobile devices. The purpose of this work is to present an implementation of the simulation on graphics processing units (GPUs), allowing for the calculation of the body-internal field strength in about 3 s.

This work uses the co-simulation scalar-potential finite difference scheme to determine the body-internal electric field strength of human models with a voxel resolution of 2 × 2 × 2 mm³. The scheme is implemented on GPUs. This simulation scheme requires the magnetic flux density distribution as input, determined from radial basis functions.

Using NVIDIA A100 GPUs, the body-internal electric field strength with high-resolution models and 8.9 million degrees of freedom can be determined in about 2.3 s.

This paper describes in detail the used scheme and its implementation to make use of the computational performance of modern GPUs.