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Out of the work at Oxford University on are welding robot guidance systems has come a new company, Meta Machines, to manufacture and market the equipment. John Mortimer went to see its founders, Peter Davey and Ed Hudson.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the main practitioners, goods, customers and locations of secondhand marketing activities in late medieval England. It questions how important was the economic role played by such markets and what was the interaction with more formal market structures?

A broad range of evidence was examined, covering the period from 1200 to 1500: regulations, court rolls, wills, manorial accounts, literature, and even archaeology. Such material often provided mere scraps of information about marginal marketing activity and it was important to recognise the severe limitations of the evidence. Nevertheless, a wide survey of the available sources can give us an insight into medieval attitudes towards such trade, as well as reminding us that much marketing activity occurred beyond the reach of the surviving documentation.

Late medieval England had numerous outlets for secondhand items, from sellers of used clothes and furs who wandered the marketplaces to craftsmen who recycled and mended old materials. Secondhand marketing was an important part of the medieval makeshift economy, serving not only the needs of the lower sectors of society but also those aspiring to a higher status. However, it is unlikely that such trade generated much profit and the traders were often viewed as marginal, suspicious and even fraudulent.

There is a distinct lack of research into the extent of and significance of medieval secondhand marketing, which existed in the shadowy margins of formal markets and is thus poorly represented in the primary sources. A broad‐based approach to the evidence can highlight a variety of important issues, which impact upon the understanding of the medieval English economy.

In recent years, OpenGLAM and the broader open license movement have been gaining momentum in the cultural heritage sector. The purpose of this paper is to examine OpenGLAM from the perspective of end users, identifying barriers for commercial and non-commercial reuse of openly licensed art images.

Following a review of the literature, the authors scope out how end users can discover institutions participating in OpenGLAM, and use case studies to examine the process they must follow to find, obtain and reuse openly licensed images from three art museums.

Academic literature has so far focussed on examining the risks and benefits of participation from an institutional perspective, with little done to assess OpenGLAM from the end users’ standpoint. The authors reveal that end users have to overcome a series of barriers to find, obtain and reuse open images. The three main barriers relate to image quality, image tracking and the difficulty of distinguishing open images from those that are bound by copyright.

This study focusses solely on the examination of art museums and galleries. Libraries, archives and also other types of OpenGLAM museums (e.g. archaeological) stretch beyond the scope of this paper.

The authors identify practical barriers of commercial and non-commercial reuse of open images, outlining areas of improvement for participant institutions.

The authors contribute to the understudied field of research examining OpenGLAM from the end users’ perspective, outlining recommendations for end users, as well as for museums and galleries.

The advent of low cost miniature solid state cameras now makes eye‐in‐hand robot vision a practical possibility. This paper discusses the advantages of eye‐in‐hand vision and shows that with the Unimation VAL operating system it is easier to use than is possible with static overhead cameras.

Formed just over a year ago the UK company Meta Machines has set its sights on advanced technology products. Brian Rooks reports on its first two product lines

This study provides insight into using ecological design principles in designing high-rise buildings for increasing the ecological capacity of a region. It is a descriptive-analytical survey, which starts with the literacy of the subject, and continues by analyzing successful ecologically designed case studies around the world and notes that by using ecological design principles in designing high-rise buildings, can increase the ecological capacity of a region in order to meet its occupant needs. It indicates that by the industrialization of cities, due to population growth, the value of the land and lack of it for growing population to be settled in, designing high-rise buildings may be the best solution to solve the problem. Moreover, the importance of designing high-rise buildings based on ecological principles has been highlighted by environmental pollution, natural hazards and endangered ecosystems. The ecological design for high-rise buildings is becoming more and more important considering environmental issues. This approach is routed in remaking the natural relationships in ecosystems. The most important feature of nature which can be used in ecological design is its power of reconstruction and rehabilitation. So we can reach an ecosystem in scale of a high-rise building which imitates nature in all its aspects.

We all indulge in assessing other people, whether they be our friends, colleagues, superiors or subordinates. Soon after meeting someone for the first time you will probably have made some ort of assessment of the sort of person he is, his competencies, weaknesses and potential.

Within tourism, the role of sport is taking an increasingly greater role. Professional sports require travelling of athletes and their accompanying teams for competition and training. Similarly recreational sports are carried out in many tourism destinations by visitors. Competitive sports is formal, rational, goal directed and provides or allows little opportunity for fantasy. On the other hand, recreational sport may be amusement and recreation, a pleasant time to play and enjoy (Kurtzman, 2001: 100). Many destinations develop specifically for sport recreational tourism as evidenced by the numerous ski resorts one finds in alpine areas, for example. At the same time they may also offer an infrastructure and base for professional athletic training. In some cases, sports activity (e.g hiking, tennis) may not be the main motive for visiting a destination, but is offered and consumed as additional supply in order to provide more of a the total tourism product and increase tourist spending in the destination.

THE claims of the small library on the attention of librarians have been so completely overshadowed by those of the more showy and, in many respects, more important, large library, that comparatively little literature of a useful kind exist relating to book collections in their early stages of development. By small library is meant the small general collection of books numbering from 200 to 5,000 volumes, such as is gathered by private individuals, schools, churches, commercial firms, and other agencies, to which books are either tools, or a valuable means of affording recreation. As a rule, such collections are formed without much regard to order or care in selection, save in the case of the special libraries of private collectors, and the majority of the small libraries are, accordingly, very heterogenous in their contents and hopelessly primitive in their methods. The same is unfortunately true of many of the smaller Public Libraries of this country, which are ill‐proportioned, ignorantly selected and thoroughly unsatisfactory heaps of literary refuse. If anyone is sufficiently curious and patient to study the catalogue of the average small British subscription, private or semi‐private library, he will be surprised by the revelations therein made of bad judgment in selection, and an extraordinary lack of proportion between class and class, author and author, and subject and subject. No attempt is made in such libraries to keep in touch with modern scientific, artistic, historical, social or literary progress, because most of the limited funds available for this purpose are squandered in the provision of third‐rate fiction and the cheapest kinds of elementary primers. The ambition to place as many books on the shelves in the shortest space of time is responsible for the poor quality of the literature stocked by the average small library. Instead of purchasing and adding with care and attention to quality, such libraries practically accept anything which comes their way, whether in the shape of donations or purchases, and they would probably house a well‐bound grocer's price list with as much alacrity as an edition of Shakespeare or any other literary masterpiece.

The aim of the discipline of Operations Management is to gain competitive advantage. One more recent and lesser‐known Operations Management technique that is finding greater acceptance is the Theory of Constraints (TOC). This paper illustrates the use of a specific TOC technique termed “The Thinking Processes” to solve an airline industry case toward improved competitive outcomes.