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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1992

Barry S. Clark

Recent proposals for swift privatization of all social property inEastern Europe overlook the unique history and culture of that region.The neoclassical model of development…

264

Abstract

Recent proposals for swift privatization of all social property in Eastern Europe overlook the unique history and culture of that region. The neoclassical model of development treats private property and free markets as virtual guarantees of prosperity, stability, and political democracy. However, the more comprehensive method of political economy highlights the social, political, and cultural underpinnings of economic activity. Centuries of authoritarian rule, culminating in four decades under communism, have left Eastern Europe ill‐equipped for the rigours of international competition. Until Eastern Europe develops stable democratic institutions, mass privatization is likely to result in chaos and the reimposition of political authority.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 19 no. 7/8/9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1997

Hayley Myers and Nicholas Alexander

Considers the importance of Eastern European markets to Europe’s large food retailers. Describes and evaluates the international retail activity which has already taken place in…

1842

Abstract

Considers the importance of Eastern European markets to Europe’s large food retailers. Describes and evaluates the international retail activity which has already taken place in Eastern Europe and the impact this is having on retail structures in Eastern Europe. Presents the results of a survey: compares senior retail executives’ perceptions of the opportunities which exist in Eastern Europe with their perceptions of other markets. Discusses the developmental role of Western European retailers in Eastern Europe and considers future prospects.

Details

European Business Review, vol. 97 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-534X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1991

Eric Frank and Roger Bennett

This monograph is devoted to the countries of Eastern Europe, whichare experiencing the dramatic changes following on from the fundamentaldevelopments of the last few years. These…

Abstract

This monograph is devoted to the countries of Eastern Europe, which are experiencing the dramatic changes following on from the fundamental developments of the last few years. These countries, Albania, Bulgaria, Czecho‐slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the USSR and Yugoslavia, are likely to become members of a greater Europe in the future. Their economic and educational systems are examined and the structures of their management training systems are described.

Details

Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 15 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0590

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Article
Publication date: 10 July 2019

Ludmila Novacka, Kamil Pícha, Josef Navratil, Cafer Topaloglu and Roman Švec

This paper aims to assess how a hotel geographical location in different parts of Central and Eastern Europe influences the complexity of perception of pro-environmental behavior.

1376

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to assess how a hotel geographical location in different parts of Central and Eastern Europe influences the complexity of perception of pro-environmental behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

To find out, whether hotel location in a specific country influences the complexity of environmental practices, this study used two closely connected multivariate statistical techniques analyzing gradients: principal components analysis and partial redundancy analysis. The research comprises data collection from seven countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In all, 25 randomly selected hotels (based on star rating) from various countries were approached to complete a questionnaire. Environmental practices were studied based on motivations, perception of barriers, perception of support from different levels of public sector, will of managers to promote pro-environmental measures based on sufficient funding, perception of legislation and perception of various other important factors.

Findings

The study reveals significant differences between hotels in Central Europe and Eastern Europe in the perception of the complexity in implementation of the environmental practices by hotel managers. The character of the present study, however, needs to address the identification of particular aspects that are relevant to the geographical differences among the studied countries.

Research limitations/implications

Research was limited to a selection of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. There is still probability that managers in hotels from Poland and Croatia could possess different preferences. Other limitation of this study is that only special part of hotels were asked – hotels certified by star grading, out of our scope remained other hotels. It is also known that important factor is precise location of hotel within country – hotels in established tourism destination behave other way that those outside recreational areas. These factors deserve further study within this topic. There are many aspects of sustainability and environmental protection regarding hotel industry. As we have found in our principal correspondence analysis, different environmental measures were different location in biplot – some were affected by country, the other by star grading and affiliation to hotel chain. The complexity deserves to be studied in depth.

Practical implications

The importance lies first in the identification of the aspects that are governed by geographical differences among the countries studied. These aspects are the initiatives and support from the government and the local governments, which counteract the perception that there is a lack of financial resources and the return on investments is slow. So, based on the data, which included information from various types of hotels from seven CEE countries, the activities of national and local authorities were identified to be the main differentiating variable. The support of the environment-friendly conduct of business in the hotel industry is appreciated by hotel managers from Central Europe. On the other hand, hotel managers from Eastern Europe do not feel any significant support from either national or other public institutions. The second factor of differentiation is represented by the perception of the lack of funds. Hotel managers from Eastern Europe feel strongly about funds limitation. The coherence of both those factors is obvious in the results, as they show the same direction but opposite orientation. It has already been discussed above. When looking at the results, the authors find the perception of availability of funds to be a fundamental difference between hotel management in Central Europe and in Eastern Europe. The lack of funds is perceived more intensively in Eastern Europe than in Central Europe, particularly because of a stronger awareness of direct or indirect support for such activities by national and other public institutions in Central Europe.

Social implications

The differentiation of the aspects mentioned above comes from the social and culture policies, company policies and business cultures between these two sub-realms. Pro-environmental actions are apparently promoted less publicly in Eastern European countries than in Central European countries. The reaction to the trend for demand of greener hotels is stronger in the West, and its hotels are more likely to have legislation requirements and public support as an incentive to adopt pro-environmental measures in their business operations.

Originality/value

The study is based on data obtained from seven countries. The results revealed a problem of the macro-environmental influence on hotels’ potential to implement environmentally sustainable approaches and procedures throughout the industry.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 31 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 1991

N.M. Onwuzulu

Eastern Europe in the past year or so has undergone unprecedented political and economic changes that took the whole world by storm. Politically, these changes signify the…

Abstract

Eastern Europe in the past year or so has undergone unprecedented political and economic changes that took the whole world by storm. Politically, these changes signify the beginning of an end to an unpopular political system which for so long dominated that part of the world, and economically mean an easing of state monopoly and allowance for private investments and foreign capital. Foreign investors, the West not excluded, are attracted by the numerous business opportunities that now exist in these countries and the enormous potentials for economic growth. This review is based on the seminar organised by Aslib on 10.10.90, on Eastern European Business Information, and also based partly on literature review.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 43 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Article
Publication date: 9 October 2019

Rodoula H. Tsiotsou

Cross-cultural research constitutes a pivotal topic for marketing; however, the literature indicates that there are a few studies analyzing social media reviews from a…

1369

Abstract

Purpose

Cross-cultural research constitutes a pivotal topic for marketing; however, the literature indicates that there are a few studies analyzing social media reviews from a cross-cultural perspective using cultural proximity (supra-national level) as a proxy of culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify cross-cultural differences in service evaluations and specifically, in hotel appraisals among tourists from Central, Eastern (including Post-Soviet States), Northern and Southern Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach has been taken by studying online user-generated ratings of hotels on Trip Advisor. In total, 1,055 reviews of five hotels in Greece were used for the study.

Findings

Multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variances results confirm cultural differences in overall service evaluations and attributes (value, location, sleeping quality, rooms, cleanliness and service) of tourists from various European regions. Specifically, Eastern Europeans uploaded more reviews than any other European group, whereas Northern Europeans were more generous in their appraisals than Eastern, Southern and Central Europeans.

Practical implications

The results of the study could be used for segmentation purposes of the European tourism market and for recognizing, which aspects of their services need to be improved based on the segments they serve. Moreover, managers should encourage Northern and Eastern Europeans to upload their reviews as both groups are more generous in their evaluations. Moreover, the findings are useful to marketers of other services.

Originality/value

To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that examines cross-cultural differences in hotel appraisals from a supra-national perspective including developed (Northern and Western Europe), developing (Southern Europe) and emerging tourism markets (Eastern Europe).

Details

Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 33 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0887-6045

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1992

Ingrid Chambert

During the last few years, political and economic change in Eastern Europe has naturally had a big impact on international affairs and this is also very much the case in a Nordic…

Abstract

During the last few years, political and economic change in Eastern Europe has naturally had a big impact on international affairs and this is also very much the case in a Nordic country like Sweden. The Eastern Europe research centres at The Stockholm School of Economics and Uppsala University have taken an active part and contributed to the debate. The special nature of East European affairs, with political, economic and ecological issues so tightly intermingled, has made people in general and the business sector more aware about the closeness of the Baltic States and Central and Eastern Europe. A wide range of positive and negative effects are discussed daily.

Details

Online Review, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-314X

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1994

Nigel M. Healey

Concentrates attention on the implications of events in Eastern Europefor the private sector rather than the popular debates on themacroeconomics and politics of the situation…

2509

Abstract

Concentrates attention on the implications of events in Eastern Europe for the private sector rather than the popular debates on the macroeconomics and politics of the situation which are important for private business only in so far as they shape the commercial environment in these economies. The real questions facing business are: what are the opportunities and threats that follow from the opening‐up of Eastern Europe? And how should the private sector respond?

Details

European Business Review, vol. 94 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-534X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1998

Marek Sroka

The paper examines the commercial development of the Internet and WWW in Eastern Europe, with special attention given to such regional Internet leaders as Russia, Poland, the…

Abstract

The paper examines the commercial development of the Internet and WWW in Eastern Europe, with special attention given to such regional Internet leaders as Russia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia. Major commercial networks and Internet Service Providerrs are discussed and Web services offered by various companies are considered. The paper also looks into such commercial aspects of Web development as private business and legal information providers, Web advertising, and online shopping (mostly online bookstores, computer stores, and ‘shopping centers’). Finally, the question of the security of Internet transactions is considered as an important factor in the future growth of electronic commerce in Eastern Europe.

Details

Online and CD-Rom Review, vol. 22 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1353-2642

Article
Publication date: 14 November 2008

Scott Fargher, Stefan Kesting, Thomas Lange and Gail Pacheco

This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of empirical evaluations of subjective wellbeing by assessing the impact of basic cultural values and beliefs on job satisfaction…

2978

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of empirical evaluations of subjective wellbeing by assessing the impact of basic cultural values and beliefs on job satisfaction across 20 countries in Eastern and Western Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

Basic cultural values and beliefs are defined by reference to traditional vs secular values and survival vs self‐expression values, respectively. Data derived from the European Values Study 1999/2000 are utilised, which provide detailed information not only on job satisfaction and socio‐demographic characteristics, but also on individuals' subjective views on religion, family values, work, child‐parent ties, political engagement, tolerance and interpersonal trust. Ordered probit regressions are performed to determine the significance of these characteristics, values and beliefs on job satisfaction.

Findings

The study highlights the strong influence of a society's broad cultural heritage on individuals' wellbeing at work. This raises questions about the impetus for numerous motivational interventions by managers and consultants. Traditional cultural values exhibit a strong influence on workers' job satisfaction in Western Europe. Interpersonal trust serves as a particularly strong predictor of job satisfaction for both Eastern and Western Europe, and for both male and female workers. The main difference between Eastern and Western Europe is driven primarily by the importance of family and religion.

Originality/value

In previous studies, job satisfaction has been strongly associated with measures of organisational culture. In contrast, the broad cultural heritage of a society as measured by its basic value and belief system has not figured prominently in this literature. This paper adds value by contributing to this fledgling field of empirical research.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 29 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

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