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The paper aims to explore the potential effects on logistic operations of implementing the Electronic Product Code Information Service (EPCIS) standard and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to enable food traceability. A conceptual model for analysing supply chains according to EPCIS standard is also presented.

A literature review was conducted to establish a theoretical framework. A case study of a Swedish fresh fish supply chain was then carried out.

Implementation of the EPCIS standard and RFID technology to enable food traceability potentially affects the following logistic operations activities: identification, monitoring, labelling, goods handling, reporting of production, identification costs and revenue changes due to sales of goods. The conceptual model was used to analyse the effects.

The paper contributes to logistic research by studying the implementation of RFID technology and information standards to comply with food traceability requirements. The research is limited to fish supply chains; other sectors and supply chains need to be investigated for further generalisation of the results.

Regulatory requirements on food traceability stipulate the implementation of food traceability systems, placing the responsibility on companies by authorities. The research presented can support managers in understanding the potential effects of implementing such systems.

The discussion about logistics and food traceability has in part revolved around implementation of RFID technology and standardised approaches for handling information to preserve food quality and safety. This paper presents potential effects on logistic operations when implementing the EPCIS standard and RFID technology as a way of enabling traceability throughout food supply chains.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the efficient ways to solve the problems on information sharing in the supply chain of agricultural products. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

In this paper, a scheme of information sharing in the supply chain of agricultural products is developed and the information of agricultural products is designed and described with Physical Markup Language.

In addition, the EPC Information Services (EPCIS) system of agricultural products is analyzed and designed, and the design of tracking and tracing of the agricultural supply chain based on the IoT is proposed. Meanwhile, EPCDS registration is discussed, and two methods of information inquiry are proposed, especially the processes of inquiries for the static and dynamic information based on Object Name Service are emphasized.

Once a food safety incident occurs, the model can be used for tracking, tracing, and monitoring so as to deal with related products and strengthen the quality and safety management of agricultural products.

Traceability of food is of paramount importance to the increasingly sustainability-conscious consumers. Several tracking and tracing systems have been developed in the AgriFood sector in order to prove to the consumers the origins and processing of food products. Critical challenges in realizing food's traceability include cooperating with multiple actors on common data sharing standards and data models.

This research applies a design science approach to showcase traceability that includes preharvest activities and conditions in a case study. The authors demonstrate how existing data sharing standards can be applied in combination with new data models suitable for capturing transparency information about plant production.

Together with existing studies on farm-to-fork transparency, our results demonstrate how to realize transparency from field to fork and enable producers to show a complete bill of sustainability.

The existing standards and data models address transparency challenges in AgriFood chains from the moment of harvest up to retail (farm-to-fork) relatively well, but not what happens before harvest. In order to address sustainability concerns, there is a need to collect data about production activities related to product quality and sustainability before harvesting and share it downstream the supply chain. The ability to gather data on sustainability practices such as reducing pesticide, herbicide, fertilizer and water use are crucial requirements for producers to market their produce as quality and sustainable products.

The purpose of this paper is to design a supply chain database schema for Cassandra to store real-time data generated by Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a traceability system.

The real-time data generated in such traceability systems are of high frequency and volume, making it difficult to handle by traditional relational database technologies. To overcome this difficulty, a NoSQL database repository based on Casandra is proposed. The efficacy of the proposed schema is compared with two such databases, document-based MongoDB and column family-based Cassandra, which are suitable for storing traceability data.

The proposed Cassandra-based data repository outperforms the traditional Structured Query Language-based and MongoDB system from the literature in terms of concurrent reading, and works at par with respect to writing and updating of tracing queries.

The proposed schema is able to store the real-time data generated in a supply chain with low latency. To test the performance of the Cassandra-based data repository, a test-bed is designed in the lab and supply chain operations of Indian Public Distribution System are simulated to generate data.

The lack of reference architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) modeling impedes the successful design and implementation of an IoT-based production logistics and supply chain system (PLSCS). The authors present this study in two parts to address this research issue. Part A proposes a unified IoT modeling framework to model the dynamics of distributed IoT processes, IoT devices, and IoT objects. The models of the framework can be leveraged to support the implementation architecture of an IoT-based PLSCS. The second part (Part B) of this study extends the discussion of implementation architecture proposed in Part A. Part B presents an IoT-based cyber-physical system framework and evaluates its performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

This paper adopts a design research approach, using ontology, process analysis, and Petri net modeling scheme to support IoT system modeling.

The proposed IoT system-modeling approach reduces the complexity of system development and increases system portability for IoT-based PLSCS. The IoT design models generated from the modeling can also be transformed to implementation logic.

The proposed IoT system-modeling framework and the implementation architecture can be used to develop an IoT-based PLSCS in the real industrial setting. The proposed modeling methods can be applied to many discrete manufacturing industries.

The IoT modeling framework developed in this study is the first in this field which decomposes IoT system design into ontology-, process-, and object-modeling layers. A novel implementation architecture also proposed to transform above IoT system design models into implementation logic. The developed prototype system can track product and different parts of the same product along a manufacturing supply chain.

The active participation of all personnel is the basis for continuous improvement in companies. This paper describes the main features of systems for channelling such participation, used in a series of companies in the automotive parts industry in the Northwest of Spain. These characteristics were obtained from research carried out in mid‐1997 and based on personal interviews. Likewise, the great spread of this kind of practice found in this supply industry, mainly made up of SMEs, supports the idea that it is not only applicable in large companies. However, it should not be forgotten that the automotive sector has one of the longest traditions in continuous improvement and employee involvement activities.

The widespread application of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in supply chains is said to cause enormous data volume problems that could render RFID event‐driven supply chains unmanageable. An unbiased and quantitative understanding of the characteristics and extent of these data volume problems is necessary to identify and remove adoption barriers. This paper aims to address the issues.

The paper presents a simulation study based on a real‐world scenario that reveals quantitative characteristics of the data volumes problem in an RFID‐enabled supply chain and discusses its implications.

The results suggest that data volumes will be much lower than currently assumed by practitioners. Thus, this work can be seen as a first basis for eliminating unjustified adoption concerns regarding data volumes complexity. However, it finds that the data volume problems bear still significant challenges for researchers and developers of RFID infrastructures with real‐time decision‐making applications.

The simulation study is based on a single product case study of a retail supply chain in Europe. Since a simulation is always a simplification of the real world, the results need to be interpreted carefully in different contexts. The nature and extent of the problem might vary across different products, industries and geographic regions.

Researchers, end‐users and solution providers might use our paper as a guideline how to approach and quantify the data volume problem in their particular case. Moreover, the result data can be used to benchmark and optimize RFID applications.

This paper is one of the first scholarly works that analyze RFID data volume problems in supply chains with a quantitative methodology.

The Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act was enacted on 3rd December, 1999, as part of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000. The Kingpin Act calls for the imposition of a series of US economic and financial sanctions — with a worldwide reach — on ‘foreign narcotics traffickers’, their related ‘organisations’, and those ‘foreign persons’ who support their activities, enforced by penalties ranging up to fines of $10m and imprisonment for ten years. In passing this legislation, Congress specifically looked to the example provided by an earlier set of economic sanctions that prohibited dealings with Colombian narco‐traffickers or entities which they controlled, established by the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and administered by the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Controls (OFAC). The controls established by the Kingpin Act, and the associated Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Sanctions Regulations (FNKSR), accordingly, are neither a unique nor an isolated programme. Rather, they represent the latest step in the evolution of a series of distinct, but related, economic sanctions programmes administered by OFAC.

This paper aims to provide an overview of the electronic product code (EPC) and related RFID standards that are currently being rolled out in the retail industry.

It considers the EPC numbering schemes, air interface protocols, middleware aspects as well as scenarios for practical use.

Identifies possibilities and limitations of EPC standards, the current status of technology adoption and future fields of application.

Of interest to those concerned with RFID technology selection and infrastructure development.

In the Theory of Continuous Competitiveness (CC) presented in Chapter 1, two necessary conditions for CC are: (1) technology transfer (Techtransfer) and (2) recipient‐initiated modification of transferred technology (Modifications). Public statements by the Prime Minister of Malaysia and the Deputy Prime Minister confirm that the two necessary conditions are virtually absent, making it necessary for CC to be achieved in other ways. To provide a macro‐perspective, we identify numerical measures of importance of Electrical & Electronic (E&E) [Industry] to the nation. E&E, the single largest foreign exchange earner, earned 66.0 percent of the export earnings from manufactured goods in 1995. Electronic components earned 42.86 percent, consumer electronics 25.9, and industrial electronics 31.95 percent of E&E exports in 1995. To improve CC, the 1995 share of global exports of semiconductors (9.7%) and consumer electronics (27.9%) should be enhanced. E&E should increase its share of the major markets: Asia, USA, and Europe. We develop three original measures of Export Productivity: (1) per unit of Capital Investment, (2) per unit of Import Input, and (3) per unit of Raw Material Input. Where should capital investment be made to boost E&E exports? In consumer electronics which yield 2.95 times as much exports share as electronic components; and in industrial electronics with a yield of 2.35 times. In 1995, E&E output was RM 71 million, but exports were RM 85 million. We attribute to the Assembly Technology contribution of Multi‐national Corporations (MNCs) the majority, if not all, of the RM 14 billion. Southeast Asia's first fully integrated silicon manufacturing facility, expected to start production in Malaysia in 1998, is estimated to increase the value‐added from the current 8% for Assembly to 35% for Fabrication.