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Book part
Publication date: 11 November 2014

Prasad Oswal, Winfried Ruigrok and Narendra M. Agrawal

This study seeks to contribute to the relatively sparse literature on how emerging market firms (EMFs) acquire firm-specific advantages (FSA), how they adjust their organizational…

Abstract

Purpose

This study seeks to contribute to the relatively sparse literature on how emerging market firms (EMFs) acquire firm-specific advantages (FSA), how they adjust their organizational structures, processes, HR policies, leadership and cultures in the internationalization process, and how they interact with their domestic institutional context.

Design/methodology/approach

We report the results of a survey sent off to the most internationalized Indian firms, measured by foreign income. Our survey includes 26 variables measuring individual aspects of organizational innovation.

Findings

Our respondents report significant changes along all 26 organizational variables over the period investigated (2003–2008). Based on self-reported assessments by top managers, our findings suggest: first, that Indian firms are rapidly transforming their organizations, second, that Indian executives are increasingly confident that they will be able to compete successfully on an international scale, and third, that Indian firms may increasingly benefit from organizational innovation complementing their low cost advantages.

Research limitations/implications

First, our sample size is relatively small at 76. Second, the ratings on the organizational variables we studied are based on self-reporting. Finally, our survey especially captures developments at the largest and most international Indian companies.

Practical implications

With its organization-wide scope of analysis, our study may guide EMF managers looking at organizational innovation in the internationalization context.

Originality/value

This paper elucidates the interplay of Indian firms’ internationalization and organizational innovation.

Article
Publication date: 5 January 2023

Qunyong Xie

Applying resource dependence theory (RDT), this research paper aims to examine the effect of imbalanced trade dependence (ITD) on entry mode choices and how state ownership and…

Abstract

Purpose

Applying resource dependence theory (RDT), this research paper aims to examine the effect of imbalanced trade dependence (ITD) on entry mode choices and how state ownership and marketization each can moderate this effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data on 1,404 foreign projects made by 493 Chinese listed firms during the 2009–2015 period of time, this study applies logit regression to do the statistical analysis.

Findings

It finds that ITD positively affects the choice of wholly-owned subsidiaries. State ownership and marketization each can moderate this influence.

Originality/value

It develops the concept of ITD, applies it to examine entry mode choices and lets us better understand the substitutive or complementary relationship between governments and foreign firms as two sources of resources. It helps us better understand some competitive advantages of emerging market firms (EMFs) and the impacts of the state on EMFs’ outward FDI. It contributes to entry mode research by applying RDT to explain how ITD influences entry mode choices and how state ownership and marketization each can moderate this relationship.

Details

Nankai Business Review International, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8749

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 July 2017

Hongbo Qiu, Wenfei Yu, Shuai Yuan, Bingxia Tang and Cunxiang Yang

The impact of the loop current (LC) on the motor magnetic field in the analysis of the inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault is always ignored. This paper made a comparative study…

Abstract

Purpose

The impact of the loop current (LC) on the motor magnetic field in the analysis of the inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault is always ignored. This paper made a comparative study on the electromagnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The purpose of this study is to explore the necessary of the LC existing in the fault analysis and the electromagnetic characteristics of the PMSM with the ITSC fault when taking into account the LC.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the finite element method (FEM), the fault model was established, and the magnetic density of the fault condition was analyzed. The induced electromotive force (EMF) and the LC of the short circuit ring were studied. The three-phase induced EMF and the unbalance of the three-phase current under the fault condition were studied. Finally, a prototype test platform was built to obtain the data of the fault.

Findings

The influence of the fault on the magnetic density was obtained. The current phase lag when the ITSC fault occurs causes the magnetic enhancement of the armature reaction. The mechanism that LC hinders the flux change was revealed. The influence of the fault on the three-phase-induced EMF symmetry, the three-phase current balance and the loss was obtained.

Originality/value

The value of the LC in the short circuit ring and the influence of it on the motor electromagnetic field were obtained. On the basis of the electromagnetic field calculation model, the sensitivity of the LC to the magnetic density, induced EMF, current and loss were analyzed.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 36 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 1996

Stanislaw Szmigielski

About 50 epidemiological reports about possible associations between cancer morbidity and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were published between 1979 and 1994. The…

233

Abstract

About 50 epidemiological reports about possible associations between cancer morbidity and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were published between 1979 and 1994. The majority of them (60‐75 per cent) documented a slight (1.5 to twofold) but significant increase in the incidence of certain rare forms of neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma, brain tumours). A limited support for carcinogenic potencies of EMFs is provided from cellular studies, but the effects appear to be generally weak, transient and difficult to replicate. Concludes that the available evidence associating cancer and EMF exposure is too tenuous to be convincing but too consistent to be ignored. Further progress needs better quantification of exposure levels and conditions, evaluation of dose‐effect relationships and liability to confounding carcinogenic factors that may influence morbidity rates in the investigated populations.

Details

Environmental Management and Health, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0956-6163

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 December 2020

Hongquan Chen, Saixing Zeng, Chongfeng Wu and Haiping Fu

The authors develop a theoretical framework of how foreign competition in a firm's home country jointly interacts with other environmental factors to influence the…

Abstract

Purpose

The authors develop a theoretical framework of how foreign competition in a firm's home country jointly interacts with other environmental factors to influence the internationalization pace. This study moves beyond the debate on whether foreign competition promotes or inhibits the internationalization pace by unpacking the nature of pace across strategic and operational dimensions. By differentiating the internationalization paces of market scope and international commitment, the study results show that foreign competition has a positive effect on the former and a negative effect on the latter. This indicates that the determinants of different paces are conditional upon the different knowledge types among foreign competitors.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a panel data set of Chinese construction corporations over the period from 2009 to 2015, the authors extend previous research on the effect of home country environment on internationalization behavior in an emerging economy by examining the effects of the interplay between foreign competition in home country and industrial contexts. The authors also explore the moderating effect of subnational institutions on the relationship between foreign competition and internationalization pace. They use a Poisson model and a GEE model to examine the main effects and moderating effects involved.

Findings

The results indicate that industry dynamism strengthens the positive effect of foreign competition and the pace of market scope, while industry munificence weakens the negative effect of foreign competition and the pace of international commitment. The authors’ findings support the coexistence of “pushing” and “pulling” effects of environmental factors from a firm's home country. The authors extend the argument of “institutional escapism” by focusing on subnational institutions. They show that firms located in a region with a low level of marketization are more likely to respond by accelerating the pace of their international expansion to escape from their home country.

Originality/value

The authors’ findings have implications for practitioners and policymakers working with emerging market firms (EMFs). The authors suggest that local governments should consider building high-quality institutions that can reduce the possibility of investment opportunities escaping EMFs. The authors’ findings indicate that international knowledge from foreign competitors may also assist EMFs in understanding more about the cultural environment before entering host countries, although it cannot help them to resolve cultural uncertainty when operating in host countries. Hence, managers should carefully evaluate their competitiveness before they decide to engage in global competition at an accelerated rate.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 59 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 March 2016

Ali Almarhoon, Yuan Ren and Z.Q. Zhu

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on position and speed estimation accuracy for single and dual three-phase (DTP…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on position and speed estimation accuracy for single and dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with two fundamental-model-based sensorless control strategies which are widely utilized for AC machines, i.e. flux-linkage observer (FO) and simplified extended Kalman filter (EKF).

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of distorted back-EMF is studied for sensorless vector control of single three-phase PMSM. For the influence of current harmonics, unlike the existing literature where the current harmonics are deliberately injected, in this paper, sensorless switching-table-based direct torque control (ST-DTC) strategies for DTP-PMSM which inherently suffer from non-sinusoidal stator currents in addition to the distorted back-EMF, are investigated experimentally.

Findings

By employing the FO and simplified EKF-based sensorless vector control of single three-phase PMSM, it can be concluded that the rotor position estimation accuracy is less affected by the back-EMF harmonics when the simplified EKF method is utilized since it is less sensitive to such noises. When the influence of non-sinusoidal stator currents together with back-EMF harmonics is investigated for the conventional and modified ST-DTC of DTP-PMSM, it is indicated that the simplified EKF exhibits better position and speed estimation accuracy in both the conventional and modified ST-DTC strategies. In addition, its steady-state performance shows a slight superiority over that based on FO, in terms of flux and torque ripples, and THD of phase currents. For the dynamic performance, the estimated speed of simplified EKF shows less phase lag and fluctuations compared to that of FO.

Originality/value

This paper introduces the influence of back-EMF and current harmonics on sensorless control performance for single and DTP PMSMs. Detailed experimental results show that the simplified EKF exhibits better rotor position and speed estimation accuracy compared to that of FO due to its higher noise-rejection ability.

Details

COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 35 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 January 2011

Jin‐Tao Chen and Zi‐Qiang Zhu

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the phase coil connections and winding factors of flux‐switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless AC machines with all poles and alternate…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the phase coil connections and winding factors of flux‐switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless AC machines with all poles and alternate poles wound, and different combinations of stator and rotor pole numbers.

Design/methodology/approach

The coil‐emf vectors, which are widely used for analyzing the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines with non‐overlapping windings, are employed for FSPM machines.

Findings

Although the coil‐emf vectors have been employed to obtain coil connections in the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines, they are different in FSPM machines. It is mainly due to different polarities in the stator of FSPM machines. In addition, from the coil‐emf vectors it is able to predict whether the back‐emf waveforms are symmetrical or asymmetric.

Originality/value

This is the first time that coil‐emf vectors are used to determine the coil connections and winding factors in FSPM machines with different topologies and combination of stator and rotor pole numbers.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 January 2019

Kui Wang and Wang Tao

The purpose of this study is to advance and test the idea that product exports and technology imports are complementary cross-border learning approaches for emerging market firms’…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to advance and test the idea that product exports and technology imports are complementary cross-border learning approaches for emerging market firms’ innovation performance. In addition, this paper also seeks to search for contextual variables that affect this complementarity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study takes systems approach to examine complementarity, combining a “productivity” and an “adoption” approach. In addition, interaction approach is also used as robustness check.

Findings

The authors show that the positive effect of export activity on firms’ growth rate is higher for firms that also engage in technology import, and vice versa. Furthermore, they show that, Ceteris paribus, firms’ adoption of one cross-border learning mechanism (e.g. entering export markets) positively influences the adoption of the other (e.g. technology import). Moreover, this complementarity is only significant for firms from province with low level of marketization.

Research limitations/implications

This inconsistency about learning-by-exporting and technology import on innovation can be resolved, at least partially, by the complementarities perspective. This paper also reveals two mechanisms of learning-by-exporting: the indirect effect of export on innovation through increasing the likelihood of adoption decision of importing technology and enhancing the positive effect of technology imports.

Practical implications

The potential of combining the two strategies should not be ignored by managers. To improve regional competitiveness, local governments should try best to improve the efficiency of customs to help firms realize the synergistic effect of learning-by- exporting and learning-by-technology-importing.

Originality/value

This study first explores the positive complementarity between the two cross-border learning mechanism in sharping EEEs 2019 innovation performance and identifies the condition to realize the synergistic effect of learning-by-exporting and learning-by-technology-importing.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 53 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 May 2015

Konrad Urbanski

The purpose of this paper is to develop the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors drive which has possibility to work in sensorless mode at low speed based on back EMFs estimation…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors drive which has possibility to work in sensorless mode at low speed based on back EMFs estimation.

Design/methodology/approach

Estimation uses modified Luenberger observer and the preprocessing of the EMFs before calculating the speed, using derivative and the Kalman filter (KF) to obtain smooth waveform of the estimated speed. This modification is needed because of the nonlinear change of the estimated back EMFs amplitude as a function of speed, in low-speed range.

Findings

How to use back EMF observer to estimate a speed in the low-speed range was found in the course of the work. Simple and effective algorithm uses KF and can work even with a relatively big deformation of the estimated back EMF.

Practical implications

Such sensorless drive may be used in low-cost constant or variable speed drive in domestic use or industrial application. Such drive may work properly where there is no initial load torque and the sign of the speed does not change.

Originality/value

Presented results challenge the view that at low-speed range (not the standstill), the back EMF-based method of position estimation is very difficult or impossible. However, the problem lays in proper speed estimation, not the position estimation.

Details

COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 34 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 January 2022

Yaa Serwaa-Akoto Amoah, Fidella Nga Huong Tiew and Ching Seng Yap

This study aims to explore the internationalisation paths and strategies adopted by firms from an emerging market and serves as a step towards examining the suitability of…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the internationalisation paths and strategies adopted by firms from an emerging market and serves as a step towards examining the suitability of prevailing internationalisation theories in the context of emerging market firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a qualitative methodology and gathered data through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 top managers of internationalised firms from the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. Data were analysed thematically.

Findings

The results revealed that the internationalisation strategies of firms from Sarawak can be classified under three main categories: motivations and markets, modes and measures. The constraints the firms faced were important determinants of their internationalisation strategies. The internationalisation paths and strategies of the firms were also found to exhibit both similarities to and deviations from the tenets of prevailing internationalisation theories.

Originality/value

The study contributes knowledge to the literature of both internationalisation theories and internationalisation strategies of emerging markets, in particular, it advances Fey et al.’s (2016) Five M Framework.

Details

Review of International Business and Strategy, vol. 32 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-6014

Keywords

11 – 20 of 789