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Despite the major information technology investments made by public institutions, the reuse of e-government services remains an issue as citizens hesitate to use e-government websites regularly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-country determinants of e-government reuse intention by proposing a theoretical model that integrates constructs from (1) the Delone and McLean IS success model (i.e. system quality, service quality, information quality, perceived value and user satisfaction); (2) the trust and risk models (i.e. citizen trust, overall risk, time risk, privacy risk and psychological risks); and (3) Hofstede's cultural model (i.e. uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism and cross-cultural trust and risk).

Based on data from interviews with 81 Kuwaiti citizens and surveys of 1,829 Kuwaiti and Polish citizens, this study conducted comprehensive, cross-cultural and comparative analyses of e-government reuse intention in a cross-country setting.

The results show that trust is positively associated with citizens' intention to reuse e-government services, whereas risk is negatively associated with citizens' perceived value. This study also found that masculinity–femininity and uncertainty avoidance are positively associated with the intention to reuse e-government services and that individualism–collectivism has no significant relationship with reuse intention. This study's findings have important implications for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and improve e-government success in cross-country settings.

This study developed a parsimonious model of quality, trust, risk, culture and technology reuse that captures country-specific cultural contexts and enables us to conduct a comprehensive, cross-cultural and comparative analysis of e-government reuse intention in the cross-country setting of Kuwait and Poland.

The growing interest in e‐government raises the question of stages in e‐government development. A few stage models for e‐government have been proposed. Without a common e‐government stage model, different research in e‐government may be based on different stage models. This presents a difficulty in comparing and understanding different research results. In this research, we synthesize the existing e‐government stage models so that there is a common frame of reference for researchers and practitioners in the area.

This research utilizes a qualitative meta‐synthesis methodology to synthesize different e‐government stage models. The meta‐synthesis follows the steps used in meta‐ethnography.

Five different e‐government stage models were used in this research. We translated the stages within different models into one another and developed a new e‐government stage model. The new e‐government stage model has the following five stages: web presence, interaction, transaction, transformation, and e‐democracy.

The paper contributes to e‐government theory development. The new five‐stage model provides a synthesized conceptual framework for researchers to evaluate and understand e‐government development.

The synthesized e‐government stage model presents a road map for practitioners to follow in their e‐government projects.

The research uses an innovative and new research methodology to synthesize the existing research. It is one of the first research in the information systems area to make use of meta‐synthesis approach to consolidate the existing qualitative research. This paper is also one of the one papers to systematically come up with an e‐government stage model.

The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the e-government stage models that have been developed in last one decade give a true indication of e-government growth in a developing country like India.

This exploratory study was conducted through a survey questionnaire from 300 portals of government departments and public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India.

Results show that on e-government stage model; only 28 per cent of the surveyed government department have achieved the transactional stage whereas 58 per cent have reached at least a minimum level of vertical integration. On the other hand, 74 per cent PSUs are at transactional level and 69 per cent have achieved at least a minimum level of vertical integration.

For achieving a one-stop government portal, integration stage can be achieved before the transaction level. Reason behind this being nature and requirement of the portal. There are fundamental differences in social and political factors of various countries that demand more customized local models.

This study is the first to examine the evolution of government portals in India. The results lead to a number of insights such as there are few government portals that do not follow the proposed stage models and achieve the integration level before attaining the transaction level.

The purpose of this paper is to report on research that models factors that favour the extension of e‐government. Hypotheses were proposed regarding the role of municipal resources, politicians and environment as elements that stimulate e‐government. It aims to argue that larger municipalities have more resources available to implement technological initiatives, that politicians receptive to the use of technology to communicate with citizens encourage e‐government, and that the local environment, as measured by citizens' wealth and business activity, is influential.

The proposed model was tested using data from 92 Spanish city councils. A structural equation model, estimated using partial least squares, was employed as an analysis technique.

The data supported the model, emphasising that municipal resources are the most important factor.

The researchers analysed only one year of data from one country.

The model suggested can be used to improve policy‐making and practice. The paper includes a brief case study of the Saragossa City Council, one of the leading councils in Spain, with regard to e‐government initiatives.

Many recent papers have studied factors explaining the extension of e‐government. These studies have analysed the influence of each of the factors separately. Here a structural equation model is proposed that allows analysis of the effects of various factors jointly. The variables employed have been modelled as latent variables, since it is shown that this is the most appropriate way to represent the complex reality of e‐government.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for assessing the maturity level of electronic government (e‐government).

The conceptual framework is based on two models: the intellectual capital (IC) management and the capability maturity model integration (CMMI).

The framework is composed of four input areas (human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and IT investment) and five maturity stages (web presence, interaction, transaction, integration, and continuous improvement). These areas are assessed by using the IC management model and the CMMI model. Employing the IC management process enables not only practitioners to effectively manage resources, but also auditors to more objectively assess the input area. Using the CMMI model allows governments to conduct process‐based assessments.

The paper contributes to the literature and practice in the following ways. First, it outlines how to define and assess key attributes of e‐government activities. It can help governments to enhance the awareness and understanding of maturity levels of e‐government. Second, this research expands the scope of current studies on a maturity model by providing a balanced view between input factors (resources) and results (maturity stages). For practitioners, assessing the input factors enables them to realize how to prioritize strategies and resources. For academics, this attempt sheds light on the concepts of IC in e‐government studies. Third, considering the CMMI model will be helpful to conduct an objective and useful assessment. On the basis of a matrix for assessing maturity levels, governments can conduct self‐assessment and establish stable and mature implementation processes.

This paper aims to examine the factors that might influence the acceptance of government-to-government (G2G) systems in the Government of Nepal (GoN), to enhance the communication for coordination among government agencies.

After reviewing the Unified Model for E-Government Acceptance (UMEGA), interviews, focus group discussions with government officials and interviews with the retired senior government officials, a conceptual model has been proposed. The model is empirically tested with 234 responses collected from the government officials working in the central ministries of GoN using the structural equation modeling technique.

The result showed that factors considered from UMEGA such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and attitude have a significant influence on the behavioral intention to use the system in the GoN. Also, the identified factors such as a commitment from leadership, awareness among leadership and transparency have a significant influence on the behavioral intention of the users to accept the system.

The low sample size is one of the major limitations of this research.

The findings show that the identified factors have a significant influence on the acceptance model and provide useful insights to policymakers, government officials and system developers to achieve the successful implementation of the e-government system in Nepal. The findings can be used by the academicians and e-government practitioners to extend it to other developing nations.

This research work explores the factors affecting the acceptance of a G2G system in GoN through the modification of the UMEGA model. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a novel research in the context of Nepal, where the implementation of e-government has been analyzed from the perspectives of acceptance models to support the better implementation of e-governance systems.

Citizens are substantial stakeholders in every e-government system, thus their willingness to use and ability to access the system are critical. Unequal access and information and communication technology usage, which is known as digital divide, however has been identified as one of the major obstacles to the implementation of e-government system. As digital divide inhibits citizen’s acceptance to e-government, it should be overcome despite the lack of deep theoretical understanding on this issue. This research aimed to investigate the digital divide and its direct impact on e-government system success of local governments in Indonesia as well as indirect impact through the mediation role of trust. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of digital divide, this study introduced a new type of digital divide, the innovativeness divide.

The research problems were approached by applying two-stage sequential mixed method research approach comprising of both qualitative and quantitative studies. In the first phase, an initial research model was proposed based on a literature review. Semi-structured interview with 12 users of e-government systems was then conducted to explore and enhance this initial research model. Data collected in this phase were analyzed with a two-stage content analysis approach and the initial model was then amended based on the findings. As a result, a comprehensive research model with 16 hypotheses was proposed for examination in the second phase.

In the second phase, quantitative method was applied. A questionnaire was developed based on findings in the first phase. A pilot study was conducted to refine the questionnaire, which was then distributed in a national survey resulting in 237 useable responses. Data collected in this phase were analyzed using Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling.

The results of quantitative analysis confirmed 13 hypotheses. All direct influences of the variables of digital divide on e-government system success were supported. The mediating effects of trust in e-government in the relationship between capability divide and e-government system success as well as in the relationship between innovativeness divide and e-government system success were supported, but was rejected in the relationship between access divide and e-government system success. Furthermore, the results supported the moderating effects of demographic variables of age, residential place, and education.

This research has both theoretical and practical contributions. The study contributes to the developments of literature on digital divide and e-government by providing a more comprehensive framework, and also to the implementation of e-government by local governments and the improvement of e-government Readiness Index of Indonesia.

Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and perceived risk theory (PRT), this study proposes a new model for exploring factors affecting citizens' intentions to use e-government in the Vietnamese context during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current study takes the form of a case study of the Vietnam context and employs a quantitative method. An Internet-based survey was conducted in Vietnam and was completed by 441 respondents. Hypotheses were tested using a two-stage structural equation model. SPSS 22 and AMOS 20 software were used for primary data analysis.

The findings reveal that factors of TAM are still valuable in predicting citizens' intentions to use e-government services during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the factor of PRT, namely, perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic, also affects citizens' intentions to use e-government services. Attitudes toward e-government play a mediating role in the relationships between perceived usefulness, perceived risk and citizens' intentions to use e-government. Examining the predictive power of TAM and PRT factors, it can be seen that TAM factors have a higher total effect on citizens' intentions to use e-government, compared to PRT factor.

The present study demonstrates a new model for exploring factors affecting citizens' intentions to use e-government during the COVID-19 era. It explored the effectiveness of combining TAM and PRT as well as the predictive power of each factors in an integrated model aimed at predicting citizens' intentions in the emergency context like COVID-19. This study helps us improve our understanding of e-government usage and would be of particular interest to policymakers and service providers of e-system.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among e-government attributes in terms of social influence, perceived effectiveness, system quality, and information quality user satisfaction and intention to use e-government services in United Arab Emirates (UAE).

This study is based on previous research on e-government services, and has relied partially on Delone and Mclean’s (2004) updated IS success model and the new theoretical and accepted model (UTAUT). These models were used to examine the impact of some selected attributes of e-government on the adoption of e-government services in the UAE from the perspective of a citizen. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from a total of 1,800 e-government users in the UAE and structural equation modeling was utilized to test the theoretical model.

This study has identified five main findings. First, it provides evidence of the direct effects of e-government attributes on user satisfaction. Second, it provides evidence of the direct effects of user satisfaction on user intention to use e-government services. Third, it provides evidence of the direct effects of e-government attributes on intention to use. Fourth, it demonstrates the positive total effects (direct and indirect) of e-government attributes on the intention to use e-government services in the UAE through user satisfaction. Fifth, two attributes of e-government – system quality and information quality – have emerged as having a strong effect on the intention to use e-government services.

The research study was limited to the UAE geographical region. It would be very interesting to see if there are regional variations when compared to the findings of this research study. The target respondents for this study are internet users. Future research needs to be extended to include both users and nonusers of the internet for the purpose of comparison, and looking at the perception of a technology divide among citizens as a factor influencing citizen intention to adopt e-government services.

This study would help policy makers understand e-government users and to implement policies at large to meet the citzens ' needs of e-government services. The results of the study and the proposed model can be used as a guideline for e-government strategy formulation and implementation for the Government of UAE. The results of the study imply that decision makers of e-government programs should take into considerations these attributes when developing e-government programs because they affect users’ satisfaction and in turn enhances users’ intentions to use e-government services and consequently increase the success of e-government strategic programs.

This paper is one of the few studies on e-government adoption in an Arab country and the first study on e-government adoption in the UAE. The paper’s originality and value comes from its theoretical contribution as a first paper in this region to empirically test the impact of some selected variables (social influence, perceived effectiveness, system quality, and information quality) on user satisfaction and intention to adopt e-government services. In contrast to previous research, this paper selected user satisfaction as a mediated, rather than a dependent variable.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of undertaking a systemic view of evaluating the success of government to citizen (G2C) services and identifying the salient factors related with citizens' low adoption of G2C services.

The paper adopts a quantitative case perspective and derives a conceptual research model that encompasses various dimensions of e‐government that relate to citizen adoption behaviour within the framework of theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model is empirically tested for validity and reliability.

Quantitative findings have been presented, which will be valuable for academics and practitioners doing research in identifying factors for e‐government adoption.

Further research efforts should explore new dimensions or test the causal relationships among proposed factors within the boundary of e‐government. In that, the paper is limited contextually where attention should be made not to generalise the findings beyond the empirical findings within the case analysis.

The paper supports a practitioner perspective through a consideration of a holistic approach to e‐government adoption that relate to citizen adoption behaviour. e‐Government system developers may find the findings useful when designing and implementing an e‐government system.

The paper is original and is the first phase of a research study. It provides an innovative approach to e‐government adoption based on TPB.