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The move away from the provision of long‐stay beds by the NHS inevitably meant a change in function for wards for elderly patients with cognitive impairment to a more acute way of working. Literature is scarce on the role or effectiveness of the new assessment wards that have replaced them and the factors affecting outcome and the duration of stay. Evidence suggests that those patients with higher dependency levels and behavioural problems stay in hospital longer, as do those awaiting a nursing home placement.This paper reports a prospective study of a consecutive group of 101 patients who died on or were discharged from an acute assessment ward for elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Clinical characteristics were recorded according to an in‐patient dementia care pathway, which included Mini‐MOUSEPAD, Crichton activities of daily living, Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Burvill physical health score evaluations. Outcome measures were duration of stay, destination on discharge or death on the ward.Most patients had cerebrovascular disease (48%) or Alzheimer's disease (32.9%), and their average Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 14.9. The mean duration of stay was 7.9 weeks. Self‐funding status and lack of behavioural and psychological complications were associated with a reduced duration of stay. 22.2% of patients were successfully rehabilitated to their own homes, but 20% died. Discharge home was most strongly predicted by having a spouse at home, and the need for nursing home rather than residential care was related to the severity of cognitive impairment. This study concludes that patients can expect to stay in hospital for 8 weeks but two areas of concern are highlighted. Firstly, the importance of the funding of community rehabilitation for patients with memory disorders and, secondly, the importance of a spouse at home to look after the patient.

This study is a follow‐up to a previously published paper, by Ball et al. in 2004. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that influenced the discharge outcomes and duration of stay over the three years since the introduction of the National Framework for Continuing Health Care (CHC) provision in October 2007.

This study examined consecutive dementia patients (n=175) admitted to an organic elderly mental health assessment ward over a three‐year period between January 2008 and December 2010. The majority of patients in the study had vascular dementia (34 per cent) or Alzheimer's disease (31 per cent) with an average score of 11.5 in the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The assessment tools used in this study were good indicators as part of the dementia care pathway to predict the rehabilitation outcome.

The mean duration of stay of patients was 8.4 weeks but this was extended to 18.3 weeks for the 15 per cent of patients subject to CHC funding. Patients who require CHC funding can expect to stay in hospital for more than ten weeks before a placement is made. Duration of stay was longer for those patients with behavioural and psychological complications, but the strongest independent predictor of duration of stay was CHC funding which accounted for 23 per cent of the duration of stay in hospital, independently of any clinical parameters in the patient.

This study provides evidence of the effect of current funding procedures in the discharge of inpatients with dementia from an assessment ward.

Customers’ innovativeness regarding services and products affects their purchase behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderation effect of fitness innovativeness (FI) (domain-specific innovativeness) and duration of stay on fitness customers’ revisit frequency.

This is a quantitative study. The purposive sampling survey method was used to obtain samples from the Taipei Nangang Fitness Center. Data were analyzed by moderated regression analysis.

The empirical results from 192 valid questionnaires that were obtained for data analysis revealed that FI has a positive impact on revisit frequency, and this impact is further increased if an individual is inclined to exercise and to stay longer at the fitness center.

A matrix of fitness innovator segments was developed to illustrate the research and managerial implications.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how attributes of a mall contribute to the amount of time spent in the shopping centre.

The study used data collected from the questionnaire survey distributed to visitors of four major shopping centres in Bandung City, Indonesia. Ordinal logit was applied to analyse the mall built environment attributes in relation to the duration of stay. Factors related to the visit and socio-demographic background of the shoppers are also considered in this analysis.

The results show that each shopping centre has its own unique attribute(s) that keep consumers in the mall. However, attributes that boost or strengthen the image of a shopping centre do not necessarily contribute much to explaining the desire of consumers to stay. Factors pertaining to the visit and socio-demographic background of consumers have been found to play a more important role in defining the duration of visit.

The study provides an analysis of how the mall attributes worked in defining the visit duration in comparison to the factors related to the visit and socio-demographic factors at four shopping centres, while most studies typically only focussed on one shopping centre.

The efficient distribution of bank notes is a first-order responsibility of central banks. The authors study the distribution patterns of bank notes with an administrative dataset from the Bank of Canada’s Currency Inventory Management Strategy. The single note inspection procedure generates a sample of 900 million bank notes in which the authors can trace the length of the stay of a bank note in the market. The authors define the duration of the bank note circulation cycle as beginning on the date the bank note is first shipped by the Bank of Canada to a financial institution and ending when it is returned to the Bank of Canada. In addition, the authors provide information regarding where the bank note is shipped and later received, as well as the physical fitness of the bank note upon return to the Bank of Canada’s distribution centers. K–prototype clustering classifies bank notes into types. A hazard model estimates the duration of bank note circulation cycles based on their clusters and characteristics. An adaptive elastic net provides an algorithm for dimension reduction. It is found that while the distribution of the duration is affected by fitness measures, their effects are negligible when compared with the influence exerted by the clusters related to bank note denominations.

This paper aims to empirically analyze tourists' length of stay in Istanbul, an important cultural destination. The objective of the study is twofold: (1) uncovering the qualitative difference between one-night visitors and longer stay visitors and (2) for those visitors staying longer at the tourism destination, investigating the key determinants of length of stay.

This research was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to international tourists who were about to leave the destination. To perform the analysis, we applied a two-step approach: first, we opted for classical binary logit to investigate the tourists' group membership (one-night vs longer stays); second, we applied a zero-truncated Poisson model for uncovering the drivers of length of stay for longer stay visitors.

The results confirmed the structural difference between the two visitor subgroups. Moreover, we found a positive impact of cultural attributes on tourists' length of stay.

The findings provide useful information for destination managers and planners, highlighting the importance of designing different tourism policies in light of tourists' heterogeneity. Moreover, the results confirmed the importance of the preservation and promotion of cultural attributes, given that these are a key factor in determining the success of a destination.

The importance and originality of this study are that it explores the impact of cultural/heritage attributes of the destination on tourists' length of stay. Moreover, it sheds light on the qualitative difference between short- and long-stay visitors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of several hotel promotional factors and consumers’ behavioral and demographic characteristics on their actual use of specific interactive information systems in hotels. The specific systems examined in this study were a hotel’s website, mobile app, push notification system, kiosk, smart TV in room, and tablet at front desk or in room.

A survey was conducted with a sample of 841 respondents who had stayed in a hotel that had interactive information systems. Logistic regression models were designed with the promotional factors (e.g. hotel staff encouraging purchasing products, push notifications or information presented on mobile devices or kiosks, seeing or hearing about other consumers using systems, advertising and press releases), behavioral variables (e.g. frequency and duration of stay) and demographic variables (e.g. gender and age) as independent variables. The independent variables were the individual systems used by guests.

The various promotional factors had a differential effect on consumers’ use of various interactive information systems. Information provided on mobile devices, staff encouraging purchasing and press releases and blogs, along with age and duration of stay, was found to have the highest impact on system usage.

This study examines for the first time, as per the authors’ knowledge, the actual use behavior of several hotel interactive systems, thus advancing the technology adoption literature. This study also utilizes a comprehensive list of hotel promotional factors that are able provide theoretical and empirical insight into the use of interactive systems, which was explained predominantly based on system perceptions and consumers’ characteristics.

本论文旨在研究若干酒店营销因素和消费者行为特征和统计人口特征对真正使用互动性系统的影响。本论文主要研究的主体包括, 酒店网站、移动APP、推送信息系统、自助服务机器、房间智能TV、以及前台或房间的平板电脑。

取样方式为问卷调查, 其样本数量是841位曾在酒店使用过互动系统的顾客。逻辑回归模型结合营销因因子（如酒店人员销售产品、推送信息、或者移动设备或者自助机上显示的营销信息、经由其他消费者介绍、广告、新闻稿等）, 行为特征变量（如酒店居住频率和长短）, 以及统计人口变量（如性别和年龄）作为因变量。因变量包括顾客使用的 独立系统。

多个营销因子对消费者使用多个互动性信息系统有着不同的影响。其中, 移动设备上的营销信息、人员销售、新闻稿和博客、以及消费者年龄和酒店居住长短对系统使用有最显著的影响。

本论文首次检验酒店互动性系统的真实使用情况, 因此对科技使用文献有显著价值。本论文还全面检验了一系列酒店营销因子, 从理论和实践角度来检验互动系统使用情况, 延展了之前对系统感知和消费者特性的理解。

关键词：互动科技、实际科技使用、酒店、逻辑回归

研究论文

Migrants may be vulnerable towards HIV infection for many reasons including separation from spouses, lack of family restraint, peer norms, alcohol use, low perceived vulnerability toward HIV infection, limited access to health care and health education, and low levels of education. The objective of this paper is to assess the influence of duration of stay and subsequent moves in Thailand on AIDS knowledge and sexual risk behaviors of migrant workers from Myanmar and Cambodia.

Data are drawn from a survey of 3,374 migrants conducted by the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University in 2008. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess factors related to AIDS knowledge and risk taking behavior.

The average length of stay in Thailand for these migrants was about five years. Duration of residence in Thailand was related to an increase in AIDS knowledge as well as an increase in condom use with regular partners. Duration of residence was also associated with an increase in visits to unpaid non regular partners and a decrease in visits to paid non regular partners. The number of moves across provinces within Thailand was not related to AIDS knowledge but was related to a decrease in paid and unpaid non regular partners.

The research is limited by the cross sectional nature of the survey. Longitudinal surveys of the migrants' experience should be conducted.

Duration of residence in Thailand had both positive and negative effects on migrants' vulnerability to HIV infection. A focus on minimizing HIV risk behaviors may be needed throughout their stay.

This is the first paper to focus on duration of residence and movement with Thailand on HIV prevention for migrant laborers. The findings are of value to health promotion programs for migrants.

This study aims to determine whether different perceptions based on a learner’s characteristics of age, gender, ethnicity, and duration of stay in Australia provide an explanation of teaching performance evaluations. Perceptions determine interpersonal behaviour (including communication and motivation)and the way a learner believes that they are going to be assessed by the teacher. Thereby, this will impact on a student’s formal evaluation of teaching performance through a student survey of teaching (SST). This study considers the existence of ethnic and gender bias in postgraduate students undertaking accounting‐related courses. The study applies a combination of quantitative online and offline surveys which include SST data and additional questions identifying demographic data to demonstrate that a learner’s evaluation of teaching performance is influenced by the learner’s perceptions. Whilst there were no significant findings related to gender, we identified that students from certain ethnic backgrounds and citizenship, had different perceptions of a teacher’s performance. In addition we identified age and duration of stay in Australia as two demographic elements which were also statistically significant.