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Textile finishing is the heart of textile processing. It aims to improve aesthetic appeal, dimensional stability, serviceability and alike. The object of resin finishing is to improve crease recovery. Conventional resin pre-condensates are effectively used for this purpose. Most of these resin pre-condensates are not eco friendly due to the presence of free or released formaldehyde. Due to eco awareness and green technology, it has been imperative to use eco-friendly crosslinking agents for resin finishing. Polycarboxylic acids like BTCA, PTA, etc. can be used as eco-friendly crosslinking agents. However, they are costly, and not easily available. Thus, an attempt has been made in the present study to explore the possibility of using a combination of glyoxal and glycol as a crosslinking agent at various concentrations to finish 100% cotton fabric. These treated fabric samples have been cured at various temperatures (1400C, 1500C & 1600C) for periods of 1, 2 and 3 min. Moreover, various formulations have been tested by using various additives, like PE, PEG-200, TEA, DEA, and their combinations, to improve the strength and the whiteness of finished fabrics. Various tests to determine crease recovery, strength, whiteness index, durable press rating, and bending length have been carried out to assess the quality of the finished fabric. Very encouraging results in terms of dry crease recovery angle, bending length, % strength retention and durable press rating have been obtained.

“A Canadian company required information on a process in Switzerland. Since data were too complicated to obtain by mail a vice‐president of the company was assigned to make a trip. The company librarian hearing of this situation accidentally made a search and produced the information from the company's own files.”

Attempts to draw together some main implications arising from studying usage of survey data forecasting the demand for durables. Posits that re‐interview tests are important, shedding light on the influences on consumer demand, by perhaps identifying respects in which purchasers and non‐purchasers differ. Suggests that predictive models, which have some foundation, stand a better chance of confident usage. Points out that some studies appear to show cross‐sectional investigations perform reasonably well in explaining individual household behaviour, both in terms of level of outlay on consumer durables and in identifying purchasers of particular commodities. Aims to describe overall patterns of results in more general terms and to draw them together by focusing specifically on what they suggest about the nature of individual behaviour and decisions regarding consumer durables.

Many jurisdictions fine illegal cartels using penalty guidelines that presume an arbitrary 10% overcharge. This article surveys more than 700 published economic studies and judicial decisions that contain 2,041 quantitative estimates of overcharges of hard-core cartels. The primary findings are: (1) the median average long-run overcharge for all types of cartels over all time periods is 23.0%; (2) the mean average is at least 49%; (3) overcharges reached their zenith in 1891–1945 and have trended downward ever since; (4) 6% of the cartel episodes are zero; (5) median overcharges of international-membership cartels are 38% higher than those of domestic cartels; (6) convicted cartels are on average 19% more effective at raising prices as unpunished cartels; (7) bid-rigging conduct displays 25% lower markups than price-fixing cartels; (8) contemporary cartels targeted by class actions have higher overcharges; and (9) when cartels operate at peak effectiveness, price changes are 60–80% higher than the whole episode. Historical penalty guidelines aimed at optimally deterring cartels are likely to be too low.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED‐certified buildings.

This paper explores the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED‐certified buildings. The durability of certification levels is explored by converting projects developed under the initial NC2‐series system to a new vintage rating adopted in 2009. This conversion is made by applying Lagrangian multipliers to model stochastic impacts.

The study reveals that 18 percent of 591 projects developed under the NC2‐Series were “misclassified” in terms of certification levels when converted to new NCv2009 standards. To the extent the market has pursued LEED certification levels, the unanticipated changes may have led to the adoption short‐term solutions that are inappropriate due to the long‐term nature of real estate assets.

Given the complexity of the LEED rating system, it is unknown how the market will react to the lack of durability and approach pricing over the long‐term.

The results indicate market participants should adopt a proactive approach to LEED certification.

The study identifies significant dynamics in the LEED certification system for new construction and behavioural responses that have not been reported in the literature.

Provides background to the current literature on buying intentions and describes some recent research on the subject. States traditional short‐term econometric forecasting models for durables generally represent expenditure as a function of disposable income, relative price, an index of hire‐purchase control, and an estimation of the total stock of durables. Discusses US experience in depth, with literature examples. Sums up that current research is now engaged on testing the hypothesis that intentions are primarily expressed by initial purchasers.

This study aims to extend research in marketing on two important relational constructs, customer satisfaction and brand attachment, by comparing their long-term effects on customer behaviors with different levels of performance difficulty in a relatively understudied domain of durable products.

Using a two-stage quantitative study with US customers from five durable product categories, the authors first explored the hierarchy of customers’ loyalty behaviors based on increasing effort in a pretest study (N = 675). Then, the authors tested the effectiveness of satisfaction and brand attachment for customers’ loyalty behaviors over a nine-month period in a longitudinal study (N = 2,284) with customers from the same product categories.

Compared to satisfaction, brand attachment emerges as a stronger long-term predictor of customer behaviors. The performance difficulty of customer behaviors positively moderates the impact of brand attachment and negatively moderates the impact of customer satisfaction. Brand attachment is particularly effective in predicting difficult-to-perform customer behaviors, which require customers to expend resources such as time and money. Customer satisfaction is mainly effective for predicting easy-to-perform behaviors, but its long-term impact is significantly lower for easy-to-perform behaviors than brand attachment.

The use of consumer durables in the study and samples from only one country restricts the generalizability of the findings.

The complementary roles of customer satisfaction and brand attachment are highlighted. Only satisfying customers is not enough to engage customers in behaviors that require resources such as money, time and energy for the brand.

A comparative study on the long-term effectiveness of two established relational metrics in explaining different customer behaviors varying in their performance difficulty in an understudied domain of durable products.