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This research paper aims to examine the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics on earnings management.

Research samples are manufacturing firms listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2015–2021. CEO characteristics include narcissism, gender, age, tenure, experience, nationality and founding family status. Data analysis uses random-effect regression.

The result shows that higher narcissism CEOs have aggressive characteristics so they will be more likely to engage in accrual and real earnings management. Female CEOs, foreign CEOs and founding-family CEOs have higher monitoring and business ethics characteristics so they will be less likely to engage in accrual and real earnings management. CEOs with higher education levels have higher thinking complexity so they will be more likely to engage in accrual earnings management with higher regulator and auditor monitoring barriers than real earnings management. CEOs with financial and accounting experience are familiar with accounting standards and auditor monitoring barriers so they will be more likely to engage in accrual earnings management than real earnings management. On the other hand, there are no effects of CEO age and tenure on earnings management.

This research contributes to providing evidence of the effect of CEO characteristics on earnings management in a specific industry such as manufacturing firms and emerging markets such as Indonesia with the majority group firms being family firms.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the presence of controlling shareholder affects the value of diversification based on Indonesian listed firms. It further examines whether the degree of controlling ownership and the types of controlling ownership matter.

Panel data were used over the period 2006-2010 with dynamic generalised method-of-moments estimations and it defined diversification as industrial diversification, international diversification or diversification in both. A few different thresholds for the control rights of the largest shareholder are also set.

The results show that industrial diversification improves firm value but international diversification does not, while diversified in both strategies discounted firm value. The presence of a controlling shareholder is found to have a significant diversification discount, and the effect is nonlinear, where the entrenchment effect occurs around 20 to60 per cent threshold of controlling across all types of diversified firms. Last, foreign firms are found to enjoy more value from industrial diversification, but it takes an adverse turn when these involve both diversification strategies. Government firms do not seem to be different from family firms.

The study shows the need to differentiate diversification strategies and account for non-linearity and ownership identity in modelling diversification value. Also, the degree of shareholders’ control can be a significant channel to address the agency issue on diversification value.

Under the backdrop of unique Indonesian corporate ownership, the presence of controlling owners is shown, and their ownership affects the value of diversification. The entrenchment effect however appears only at a certain range of ownership. This is a crucial guide for the shareholders to ensure an appropriate monitoring system is installed to maximize the shareholder’s value, especially in family firms.

The value of this paper is twofold. At first, the first empirical evidence on the diversification debate with Indonesian firms for its unique institutional setting is presented. Second, the standard modelling framework to investigate the types of ownership on diversification value is extended, which has rarely been covered in previous investigations.

This paper aims to synthesize the diverse literature on nomination and remuneration committees and provide avenues for future research.

This study provides a comprehensive literature review of theoretical and empirical studies published in reputable international journals indexed by Scopus.

The literature review reveals several aspects of the nomination and remuneration committee. These aspects have been classified into the definition of the nomination and remuneration committee, dimensions of the nomination and remuneration committee, measurement and research review results, reasons for conflict empirical findings, company dynamics and research on moderators, as well as recommending future research.

Our literature review shows that nomination and remuneration committees play a role in improving board performance and company performance, reducing agency conflicts and improving corporate governance to provide implications for companies, regulators and investors and pave the way for future research.

This paper identifies issues related to nomination and remuneration committees, their theoretical and practical implications and avenues for future research.

This study aims to investigate the effect of the diversity of the board of directors (BOD) and the shariah supervisory board (SSB) on credit risk, insolvency, operations, reputation, rate of deposit return risk (RDRR) and equity-based financing risk (EBFR) of Islamic banks (IB).

The study uses 68 IBs from 19 countries covering 2009 to 2019. BOD and SSB diversity attributes data were hand-collected from the annual reports. Financial data were collected from the bankscope database. The robustness test and two-step system generalized method of moment estimation technique were used to address potential endogeneity issues.

This study provides evidence that diversity in the experience and cross-membership of board members decreases the risk. Gender diversity increases the risk, but the BOD’s education level diversity has no relationship with risk. More interestingly, influences in the experience and cross-membership of the SSB’s members positively influence risk. However, members’ education levels and gender diversity have not been proven to affect risk.

The paper recommends that Islamic banking authorities play a stronger role and make a greater effort in driving corporate governance reform. Also, determining individual characteristics of the board is a requirement to become a member of a BOD or an SSB.

This paper expands the commitment literature through the diversity of the BOD’s and the SSB’s members in terms of their education levels, experience, cross-membership and gender. This study expands the list of potential risks for IBs, by including the RDRR and EBFR.

This study aims to explore the factors that determine the perceived benefits and the perceived risks of financial technology (fintech) and to evaluate the influence of perceived benefits, perceived risks and small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs') trust to continue using fintech.

This study involves SMEs in Indonesia. Non-probability with a convenience sampling technique was used in this study.

Convenience and economic benefits can explain the perceived benefits. Operational risk is stated as a risk factor felt by the respondents. Furthermore, the perceived benefits have a positive effect and the perceived risks show a negative effect on trust. At the same time, the individuals’ intention to continue using fintech is determined by trust.

Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), various benefits and risks of using fintech are used to build the construction of perceived benefits and perceived risk in building trust that will determine decision to continue using fintech.

This research can provide advice to managers to develop efficient payment systems, lower payment fee and error-free transactions. In addition, the fintech management needs to understand the risks related to operational risks that are a challenge for the users to decide to use fintech so that a reliable mechanism for using fintech can be developed. Furthermore, it will be useful for fintech developing companies as a reference in knowing the factors that influence users in continuing to use fintech, this allows fintech developing companies in Indonesia will be even more developed and accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, research on the factors that affect the trust of SMEs in adopting fintech has not been conducted. This study can be advantageous for fintech service companies and organizers in developing fintech strategies in terms of users who are involved in SMEs which is the population in Indonesia is enormous and has a significant role in the development of the country.

This paper examines the effect of lockdown on a firm's financial performance. The authors aim to fill in the debate over the corporate world's repercussions from governments' COVID-19 response. Therefore, it is imperative to understand what effect the lockdown policy has on firm financial performance.

The study data are cross-sectional, covering a sample of 246 listed firms in Indonesia. The lockdown policy and period data were retrieved from the Indonesian Ministry of Health COVID-19 special task force website. The authors’ empirical model for performance specification is based on annual data, following a common performance function in economics and finance literature. In addition to controlling for the standard error and province effect, the authors also controlled the COVID-19 cases and the province effect.

The lockdown deteriorates the firm's profitability, but it is not up to making the firms at financial distress level. Simply put, lockdown erodes the profitability significantly, leading to declining performance; however, it does not mean the firms generate default.

Several shortcomings in the authors’ empirical setup need to be tackled for future research. For example, the study findings may limit the short-run effect but not the long-run effect (5–10 years after the pandemic). The findings also do not give room to justify that lockdown should not be imposed due to its deteriorating effect on the corporate world. Therefore, the authors leave this as a scope for future research.

This research is among the pioneer papers evaluating the effect of the government policy for mitigating the repercussions of COVID-19, and it reveals how this policy affects corporations.

This research aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy using the Indonesian context. The most common ownership structure is concentrated in the hand of family owners except in the UK and USA (La Porta et al., 1998, 2000). Family owners hold more than half of the companies in Indonesia (Carney & Child, 2013; Claessens et al., 2000). Family firms play an important role in Indonesia. Another important characteristic that emerges is the rise of government- and foreign-controlled firms in Indonesia. Thus, this research also divides ownership concentration into family firms, government-controlled and foreign-controlled firms.

Samples of this research consist of dividend announcements during 2006-2012 in Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research excluded financial data because these have characteristics that are different non-financial sectors’ characteristics. The final sample of this research consists of a 710 firm-year observation.

The result of this research shows that ownerships have a positive effect on dividend payout. This research divides the sample into family-controlled firms, government-controlled firms (GOEs) and foreign-controlled firms. This research shows that government- and foreign-controlled firms have a positive impact on dividend payout. However, family firms have a negative effect on the dividend payout. Family firms pay lower dividends because they prefer to control it themselves. Family firms earn benefit from those resources, but at the expense of minority shareholders. Thus, family firms engage in expropriation to minority shareholders.

This study focuses on ownership structure of Indonesian listed firm. This study does not analyze the impact of other corporate governance mechanism such as board structure on dividend decisions. The owner of the companies (family, government and foreign firm) has an opportunity to put their member as part of board members. However, this study does not analyze the impact of board structure on dividend decisions.

This study provides evidence that ownership concentration positively affects dividend payout. However, there is a different effect of ownership structure (family-controlled firms, GOEs and foreign-controlled firm). Government- and foreign-controlled have a positive effect; however, family-controlled firm have a negative effect on dividend payout. Therefore, this study provides evidence of the importance of ownership structure on dividend decision.

This paper aims to investigate the relation between gender and accounting conservatism in banking industry using cross-countries study.

The study use cross-country data in banking industry. Sample of the study consists of 202 banks from 24 countries in the period 2016–2017.

The result of the study indicates that banks that operate in high masculine society are less conservative than banks that operate in low masculine society (feminine).

This research suggests that investors could consider investing in a country that has low masculinity (feminine) because it is more concerned with the protection of other society members through conservative choice as a protection from misleading decisions made based on too optimistic financial report.

We investigate the effect of female CEOs on corporate innovation using Indonesian companies. More specifically, this paper aims to answer the following research questions. First, do firms led by female CEOs innovate more or less than firms led by male CEOs? Second, does firm size positively moderate the effect of CEO gender on corporate innovation? Our research questions imply that female CEOs' innovative performance likely depends on the size of their firms.

Because the dependent variable is a dummy that equals one if the firm was an innovator and zero otherwise, this study employs probit analysis to test the hypotheses empirically. As an alternative test, we use a different measure of the dependent variable (INNOV-corporate innovation) by summing the firm's responses (yes/no) to nine innovation-related questions. Because this alternative measure of INNOV exhibits a count-data characteristic with non-negative integer values and more than 70% of the total sample did not engage in innovation activities at all, this study relies on the zero-inflated Poisson regression in the robustness test.

We have shown that firms led by female CEOs exhibit a greater probability of being innovators. Further, firm size increases the positive effect of female CEOs on firms' probability of engaging in innovation activities. Further, we also find that when female CEOs manage women-owned firms, their firms are more likely to engage in innovation activities.

This study cannot further investigate the causal relationship between CEO gender and corporate innovation (e.g. by analyzing whether CEOs with different gender affects firm innovation) because it relies on the World Bank Enterprise Survey data. Nevertheless, this study suggests that stakeholders, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, need to encourage more women to hold CEO positions, especially in larger firms, because women-led firms perform better in innovation activities.

Our study thus highlights that female CEOs outperform their male counterparts in innovation activities. These results support the argument that because of gender-based discrimination that they receive, female CEOs are greatly motivated to exhibit greater innovation performance. Further, it is more difficult for women to hold the CEO positions in larger firms because of these firms' more intense managerial job market.

This study provides empirical evidences on the relationship between business strategy and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) performance. Additionally, the study aims to explore the role of innovation and accounting information systems (AISs) in the strategy performance linkage among MSMEs in Indonesia.

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, which produced 102 valid responses. Surveys were distributed to MSME owners throughout Solo, Yogyakarta and Semarang, Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using structural equation model with partial least squares.

The result shows that business strategy has indirect impacts on MSMEs' performance. Both innovation and AIS positively mediate the relationship between business strategy and MSMEs’ performance.

The performance variable was measured based on the owners' perception. This makes the results not to be reflective of the real performance situation.

Alignment between strategy and innovation plays a vital role in improving the performance of MSMEs. The differentiation strategy that focuses on product uniqueness and quality requires innovation to add value to the product and the customer. The innovation process is at high risk of failure, so MSMEs owners need accurate calculations in decision making. AISs are part of management control to reduce risk by identifying standards and directing organizational goals.

This study considers the contingency factors in the relationship between strategy and performance by providing innovation variables and AIS.