Search results

Internet has changed radically in the way people interact in the virtual world, in their careers or social relationships. IoT technology has added a new vision to this process by enabling connections between smart objects and humans, and also between smart objects themselves, which leads to anything, anytime, anywhere, and any media communications. IoT allows objects to physically see, hear, think, and perform tasks by making them talk to each other, share information and coordinate decisions. To enable the vision of IoT, it utilizes technologies such as ubiquitous computing, context awareness, RFID, WSN, embedded devices, CPS, communication technologies, and internet protocols. IoT is considered to be the future internet, which is significantly different from the Internet we use today. The purpose of this paper is to provide up-to-date literature on trends of IoT research which is driven by the need for convergence of several interdisciplinary technologies and new applications.

A comprehensive IoT literature review has been performed in this paper as a survey. The survey starts by providing an overview of IoT concepts, visions and evolutions. IoT architectures are also explored. Then, the most important components of IoT are discussed including a thorough discussion of IoT operating systems such as Tiny OS, Contiki OS, FreeRTOS, and RIOT. A review of IoT applications is also presented in this paper and finally, IoT challenges that can be recently encountered by researchers are introduced.

Studies of IoT literature and projects show the disproportionate importance of technology in IoT projects, which are often driven by technological interventions rather than innovation in the business model. There are a number of serious concerns about the dangers of IoT growth, particularly in the areas of privacy and security; hence, industry and government began addressing these concerns. At the end, what makes IoT exciting is that we do not yet know the exact use cases which would have the ability to significantly influence our lives.

This survey provides a comprehensive literature review on IoT techniques, operating systems and trends.

One of the techniques for improving the performance of distributed systems is data replication, wherein new replicas are created to provide more accessibility, fault tolerance and lower access cost of the data. In this paper, the authors propose a community-based solution for the management of data replication, based on the graph model of communication latency between computing and storage nodes. Communities are the clusters of nodes that the communication latency between the nodes are minimum values. The purpose of this study if to, by using this method, minimize the latency and access cost of the data.

This paper used the Louvain algorithm for finding the best communities. In the proposed algorithm, by requesting a file according to the nodes of each community, the cost of accessing the file located out of the applicant’s community was calculated and the results were accumulated. On exceeding the accumulated costs from a specified threshold, a new replica of the file was created in the applicant’s community. Besides, the number of replicas of each file should be limited to prevent the system from creating useless and redundant data.

To evaluate the method, four metrics were introduced and measured, including communication latency, response time, data access cost and data redundancy. The results indicated acceptable improvement in all of them.

So far, this is the first research that aims at managing the replicas via community detection algorithms. It opens many opportunities for further studies in this area.

The paper's aim is to focus on the utilization of the GRID distributed computing environment in order to reduce simulation time for parameter studies of travelling wave tube (TWT) electron guns and helix slow‐wave structures.

Two TWT finite‐element analysis modules were adapted to be run on the GRID, for this purpose scripts were written to submit a collection of independent jobs (the parameter study) to the GRID and collect the results.

A 25‐job electron gun parameter study runs on the GRID in 30‐40 min instead of 7 h locally. A 16‐job slow‐wave structure parameter study runs in 1 h on the GRID instead of 8 h locally. Turnaround time on the GRID was limited by priority levels presently set by GRID management for the various jobs submitted.

The procedures guarantee a remarkable reduction of the computing time.

For heavy‐computational cost tasks such as the above finite element electromagnetic calculations, the effective use of a heterogeneous, distributed, computing platform (the GRID computing platform) is very advantageous. The paper shows the development of new generation collaborative tools.

Discusses the change in business continuity planning when centralized mainframe computing environments are replaced by decentralized server/workstation/minicomputer environments. Telecommunications emerges as both the “soft spot” and the major challenge to strategy planners.

The most suitable system architecture for higher education has been dramatically altered by rapid change in information technology and its use. The low cost of mini‐ and microcomputer technology has not only decentralized academic computing, it has made computing a ubiquitous tool for the student, faculty, and staff community across all disciplines. The microcomputer provides access to substantial computing at low cost, and stimulates distributed investment in computing capacity. However, the radical decentralization of computing in the university has also created substantial liabilities, such as increased difficulty in sharing information and resources. The characteristics of a powerful institution‐wide network, which will overcome existing problems with a decentralized environment, are detailed.

Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable latency, bandwidth constraints, security and mobility. This paper aims to provide detailed survey in the field of fog computing covering the current state-of-the-art in fog computing.

Cloud was developed for IT and not for Internet of Things (IoT); as a result, cloud is unable to meet the computing, storage, control and networking demands of the IoT applications. Fog is a companion for the cloud and aims to extend the cloud capabilities to the edge of the network.

Lack of survey papers in the area of fog computing was an important motivational factor for writing this paper. This paper highlights the capabilities of the fog computing and where it fits in between IoT and cloud. This paper has also presented architecture of the fog computing model and its characteristics. Finally, the challenges in the field of fog computing have been discussed in detail which need to be overcome to realize its full potential.

This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. It also includes challenges and opportunities in the fog computing and various possible solutions to overcome those challenges.

Presents major findings from an in‐depth multi‐company American study on the effective management of the distributed computing environment. The study, led by Cambridge Technology Partners, focuses on the management approaches that contribute to the greatest success in the client/server arena. Synthesizes the study’s broad findings into eight major areas of concern and focus for future distributed systems management.

Outlines the use of distributed computing environment (DCE) software in the Inter Committee on Institutional Co‐operation Authentication and Authorisation project (ICAAP) project, which addresses the issues that arise in a distributed environment such as ensuring similar settings on all linked computers. Discusses the development of this program and the uses it can be put to. Suggests that a lot of this technology was ahead of its time, and its real value is only now being understood.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has surpassed expectations in opening up different possibilities for machines from different walks of life. Cloud service providers are pushing. Edge computing reduces latency, improving availability and saving bandwidth.

The exponential growth in tensor processing unit (TPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) combined with different types of sensors has enabled the pairing of medical technology with deep learning in providing the best patient care. A significant role of pushing and pulling data from the cloud, big data comes into play as velocity, veracity and volume of data with IoT assisting doctors in predicting the abnormalities and providing customized treatment based on the patient electronic health record (EHR).

The primary focus of edge computing is decentralizing and bringing intelligent IoT devices to provide real-time computing at the point of presence (PoP). The impact of the PoP in healthcare gains importance as wearable devices and mobile apps are entrusted with real-time monitoring and diagnosis of patients. The impact edge computing of the PoP in healthcare gains significance as wearable devices and mobile apps are entrusted with real-time monitoring and diagnosis of patients.

The utility value of sensors data improves through the Laplacian mechanism of preserved PII response to each query from the ODL. The scalability is at 50% with respect to the sensitivity and preservation of the PII values in the local ODL.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of a non‐expensive dynamic computing resource, consisting of a Beowulf class cluster and a NoW, as an educational and research infrastructure.

Clusters, built using commodity‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) hardware components and free, or commonly used, software, provide an inexpensive computing resource to educational institutions. The Department of Informatics of TEI, Athens, has built a dynamic clustering system consisting of a Beowulf‐class cluster and a NoW called DYNER (DYNamic clustER). This paper evaluates the use of the DYNER system, as a platform for running the laboratory work of various courses (parallel computing, operating systems, distributed computing), as well as various parallel applications in the framework of research, which is in progress under on‐going research projects. Three distinct groups from the academic community of the TEI of Athens can benefit directly from the DYNER platform: the students of the Department of Informatics, the faculty members and researchers of the department, and researchers from other departments of the institution.

The results obtained were positive and satisfactory. The use of the dynamic cluster offers to the students new abilities regarding high performance computing, which will improve their potential for professional excellence.

The implications of this research study are that the students clarified issues, such as “doubling the number of processors does not mean doubling execution speed”, and learned how to build and configure a cluster without going deeply into the complexity of the software set‐up.

This research provides students with the ability to gain hands‐on experience on a not very common to them but useful platform, and faculty members – from a variety of disciplines – to get more computing power for their research.

This paper presents a dynamic clustering system where, its versatility and flexibility with respect to configuration and functionality, together with its dynamic, strong computational power, renders it to a very helpful tool for educational and research purposes.