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Most prudent public sector money managers look to a variety of financial services and investment instruments to improve their funds management. In the process, they realize that money management systems can also be profitable if chosen and used properly. These cash management services may be just what you need to help accomplish the goals you and your board have set for your library.

In this paper, we examine the cash management practices in the State of Louisiana and contrasted those practices with the rate of return on investment income due to cash management practices. Essentially, we framed various model hypotheses from the literature, which tells us that if those practices exist then we should see an increased rate of return due to cash management. In general, our research supported the literature but there were some interesting exceptions that merit attention.

The widespread collection of data about individuals is increasing at dramatic rates as more and more organizations increase their desire for information in order to develop new markets for products, gain a competitive edge, or to expand their operations. The paramount concern today is not focused entirely on halting data collection but is primarily concerned with the disbursement and use of information. Information and activity are being monitored and sold to marketers, credit bureaus, insurance companies and government agencies, for their specific use. The misuse of this information and the concern for invasion of an individual′s privacy are issues that are not being fully addressed and controlled. Legislation to monitor this information transfer is lagging far behind the rapid growth and disbursement of technology. Measures must be instituted to regulate this activity so that information is used for its intended, acceptable purpose and not freely distributed.

The Oman Development Bank (ODB) was established in the year 1976 under the Royal Decree No 31/76. The ODB is the first specialised development bank started in Sultanate for the purpose of contributing to the economic and social development in the country. ODB is attracted by more local and foreign investments created many investment opportunities in development projects by providing the funds, technical support and advice to its clients especially in the establishments of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). The objective of this study is to analyse the role of ODB in financing the small and medium scale industries with the aid of qualitative data. The study analyses the approved loans in region wise. To study the effectiveness of ODB in financing small and medium scale industries in sector wise. The study period is from 2006 to 2009. The analysis and findings of this study provide useful information for bankers, policy makers and to the customers who seek to start SMEs in Sultanate.

This paper examines the proposition that local congregations within Western Australia provide satisfactory safeguards aimed at limiting opportunities for mismanagement and fraud. A questionnaire survey was administered to a large sample of local congregations of Christian churches. The aim of the survey was to investigate the extent to which accounting controls were applied in the field of cash collections and disbursements and to determine the influence on cash control performance of various socio‐economic and organisational/administrative variables. An index of cash control performance was constructed and regressed against six surrogate indices obtained by factoring the independent variables. Three indices, namely church funding capacity, central/external influences and local administrative arrangements (particularly those pertaining to employment policy) were found to contribute to the variation in the dependent variable, although the overall explanatory power of the determinants was limited, justifying the need for further consideration of contributing factors.

Available evidence suggests that South Dakota is one of only five states in the US that has no formal venture capital outlet, to either commit or disburse financing — no professional venture capital firm, no private or public or combination seed and start‐up fund, or bank Community Development Corporation. The absence of South Dakota in the disbursements list where 42 states and the District of Columbia are identified as receiving venture capital funds in 1990, is particularly telling. If South Dakota expressed a “need” for venture capital, the venture capital industry either felt no obligation to satisfy it or saw insufficient economic opportunity. Or, perhaps, South Dakota, and other similarly “disadvantaged” states, all yet to effectively express their need.

After reading this chapter you should be able to:

• Understand what is meant by relocation cost.

• Explain the management and disbursement of relocating costs.

• Critically evaluate the calculation of relocation costs.

• Reflect on the role of human resource managers in relation to the future of the costs of relocation.

Understand what is meant by relocation cost.

Explain the management and disbursement of relocating costs.

Critically evaluate the calculation of relocation costs.

Reflect on the role of human resource managers in relation to the future of the costs of relocation.

This paper aims to explore the strategies used by venture capital (VC) firms in assisting entrepreneurs who have business potential but lack capital. The study also aims to investigate whether the VC strategy can be adopted by Islamic banks through musharakah financing.

Apart from content analysis, primary data were gathered from several interview sessions with the management of three VC firms and two Islamic banks.

Islamic banks in Malaysia have great potential to offer musharakah financing and mitigate risk by adopting the following five VC strategies: method of selection, channelling of funds, monitoring, non-capital assistance and period of investment. We propose the channelling of corporate social responsibility funds for musharakah financing as an initial step in applying VC strategy.

Given the limited number of willing and eligible respondents in Malaysia, the scope of this study can be widened to a cross-country analysis where musharakah financing is widely adopted.

This study motivates regulatory bodies and Islamic banks to consider musharakah financing using the risk monitoring strategy adopted from the VC industry.

This study is the first to empirically explore the strategy adopted by VC companies and evaluate whether such a strategy is suitable for the concept of musharakah financing.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors influencing rural youth farmers’ credit constraints status and the effect of credit constraint on the intensity of participation of these farmers in Ghana.

The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2018 from the Brong Ahafo region in Ghana. The sample data set consists of 450 rural youth farmers. The collected data were analyzed through different econometric techniques, using the endogenous switching regression model (ERSM).

The direct elicitation approach employed in this study revealed that out of the 450 farmers, 211 (47 percent) of the respondents were credit constrained compared to 239 (53 percent) of their counterparts who were unconstrained. The ERSM indicated that youth farmers education, age, savings, parents occupation reduced the probability of the rural youth farmer to be credit constrained but cumbersome loan application procedure and loan disbursement time positively affect credit constraint. Moreover, farmers that are credit constrained have lower intensity of participation in agriculture activities than a random farmer from the sample. This suggests that access to credit has a positive impact on the intensity of participation in agriculture activities.

In this study, only rural youth farmers in a particular region were considered. However, there are youths all over the nation. Therefore, future researchers could consider other youth’s farmers elsewhere in the country.

Although existing studies have examined rural youth farmers’ participation in agriculture and credit constraint separately, the unique contribution of this paper is the analysis of credit constraint of rural youth farmers as well as the impact of credit constraint on the intensity of participation in agriculture activities.

This paper aims to explore the specific causes of failure among Malaysian female entrepreneurs who were provided with financial services by the microfinance institution: Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) to start up their own businesses.

This paper adopts a qualitative-based case study design approach, with data collected from a total of 18 female entrepreneurs who had failed to develop their businesses. In-depth personal interviews were conducted, coupled with personal observation via purposive cum snowball sampling.

Thematic analysis revealed a pattern-based outcome which discloses a variety of causes affecting the failure of Malaysian female entrepreneurship. These causes ranged from inter-related external factors which were perceived as beyond their control, such as personal life events, intensive competition and loan inflexibility to internal causes, which were related to lack of resources, poor financial management and personal dissatisfaction with their own business performance.

The findings of this study provide valuable information for Malaysian economic policymakers in how to practically address the objectives of the National Women's Policy (NPW) and improve the innovative quality of their products and services. A thorough understanding of the specific obstacles facing female entrepreneurs in Malaysia is essential if policymakers are to improve opportunity exploitation efficiency and assist in mitigating the external and internal causes of business failure among Malaysian females.

Studies in this field have demonstrated that most new “start-ups” fail within three years of their establishment. While determinist, emotive and voluntarist theories can often provide an adequate explanation for the causes of business failure, it is clear that no single factor is usually responsible. Rather, multiple interrelated factors are found to be at play. This study, therefore, provides an integrative model for causes of business failure among small-business female entrepreneurs. It also represents one of only a few such studies in the literature and, to the best of knowledge at the time of writing, is the first such study that used an integrative approach to explain the causes of business failure in the Malaysian context.