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Comparing international history textbooks creates a perfect opportunity for students to see the complexity and controversy of history interpretation of certain events. Such a critical comparative approach helps students understand how people in different countries perceive and interpret the Korean War, its aftermath, and its effects on current international relation-ships. In this article, we suggest that teachers approach the Korean War and the Six-Party Talks in two ways: Six-Party Discussion Table motivation activities and analysis of middle school history textbook excerpts about the Korean War in the six countries. Detailed lesson plans and handouts are provided for teachers to facilitate these discussions. These include the directions and procedures for the activities, teachers' guide, suggested answers, textbook excerpts from the United States, and textbook excerpts translated into English China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, and South Korea.

The rotor system supported by the cylindrical roller bearings is widely used in various fields such as aviation, space and machinery due to its importance. In the study of the dynamic characteristics of the cylindrical roller bearings, it is important to accurately calculate the stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearings. The stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearings is very important in the analysis of the vibration characteristics of the rotor system. Therefore, in this paper, the method of creating a comprehensive stiffness model of the cylindrical roller bearing is mentioned. The purpose of this study is to improve the dynamic stability of the rotor system supported by the cylindrical roller bearing by accurately establishing the comprehensive stiffness calculation model of the cylindrical roller bearings.

In consideration of the radial clearance of the cylindrical roller bearing, the radial load acting on the cylindrical roller bearing was derived, and based on this, a model for calculating the Hertz contact stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearing was created. Based on the load considering the radial clearance, an oil film stiffness model of the cylindrical roller bearing was created under the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory. Then, the comprehensive stiffness was calculated by combining Hertz contact stiffness and the oil film stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearing, and the dynamic parameters are calculated by using the MATLAB program.

When the radial clearance of the cylindrical roller bearing is considered, the comprehensive stiffness is larger than when the radial clearance is not taken into account, and the radial clearance of the cylindrical roller bearing is an important factor that directly affects the comprehensive stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearing.

In this paper, based on Hertz contact theory and the EHL theory, the authors investigated the method of creating a comprehensive stiffness model of the cylindrical roller bearing considering the radial clearance. These results will contribute to the theoretical basis for studying the mechanics of cylindrical roller bearings and optimizing their structures, and they will provide an important theoretical basis for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system supported by the cylindrical roller bearing.

As a core rotating component of power machinery and working machinery, the rotor system is widely used in the fields of machinery, electric power and aviation. When the system operates at high speed, the system stability is of great importance. To enhance the system stability, squeeze film damper (SFD) is being installed in the rotor system to alleviate vibration. The purpose of this paper is to first classify the rotor system into two types, the dual rotor system and the single rotor system, and to comprehensively and specifically mention the method of generating the dynamic model. Next, based on the establishment of a dynamic model with and without SFD in the rotor system, the optimization design of the rotor system with SFD was carried out using a genetic algorithm. Through sensitivity analysis, SFD clearance, shaft stiffness and oil viscosity were determined as design variables of the rotor system, and the objective function was the minimization of the maximum amplitude of the rotor system with SFD within the operation speed range.

In this paper, first, the rotor system was classified into two types, namely, the dual rotor system and the single rotor system, and the method of creating a dynamic model was comprehensively and specifically mentioned. Here, the dynamic model of the rotor system was derived in detail for the single rotor system and the dual rotor system with and without SFD. Next, based on the establishment of a dynamic model with and without SFD in the rotor system, the optimization design of the rotor system with SFD was carried out using a genetic algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of the unbalanced response was carried out to determine the design variables of the optimization design. Through sensitivity analysis, SFD clearance, shaft stiffness and oil viscosity were determined as design variables of the rotor system, and the objective function was the minimization of the maximum amplitude of the rotor system with SFD within the operation speed range.

SFD clearance, shaft stiffness and oil viscosity were determined as design variables of the rotor system through sensitivity analysis of the unbalanced response. These three variables are basic factors affecting the amplitude of the rotor system with SFD.

In the existing studies, only a dynamic model of a single rotor system with SFD was created, and the characteristic values of pure SFD were selected as optimization variables and optimization design was carried out. But in this study, the rotor system was classified into two types, namely, the dual rotor system and the single rotor system, and the method of creating a dynamic model was comprehensively and specifically mentioned. In addition, optimization design variables were selected and optimized design was performed through sensitivity analysis on the unbalanced response of factors affecting the vibration characteristics of the rotor system.

The purpose of this paper is to explain Japan’s role in the peace process on the Korean Peninsula that began in early 2018.

This paper emphasizes the historical context of international politics in Northeast Asia, rather than power politics or geopolitics. The paper reaffirms the significance of the ongoing peace process on the Korean Peninsula by considering a synthesis of three joint declarations published in 1998, 2000 and 2002 between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan, the ROK and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and between the DPRK and Japan.

The normalization of diplomatic relations between DPRK and Japan, along with reaffirmation of the joint declaration between the ROK and Japan, and the Panmunjeom Declaration, would be a base for denuclearizing Northeast Asia.

In Northeast Asia, historical reconciliation among the two Koreas and Japan and peace-building between the two parties on the Peninsula are closely linked. Moreover, the three bilateral relationships among these three parties are also the basis for creating a new multilateral security order in Northeast Asia.

This descriptive, non-experiment case study addresses the little-studied topic of martial arts tourism within the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK; i.e., North Korea) to determine if it is a form of non-entertainment tourism.

The current research focusses on a single subject (Singaporean female; 36 years of age (at time of interview); Taekwon-Do 4th degree black belt) who travelled to the DPRK three times to practice the Korean martial art Taekwon-Do. After the initial contact, a questionnaire was used and direct interviews via Skype and Facebook were performed. A broad thematic discourse, as well as analysis of the subject’s travel and practice notes and photographs from her stay in the DPRK, were also incorporated into the findings.

The subject developed new Taekwon-Do skills, which permitted her to obtain higher Taekwon-Do ranks as well as enriched her personality and changed certain conceptions. Self-realization and self-improvement through martial arts are the dominant motives of martial arts tourism. Therefore, the subject’s motivation confirms martial arts tourism can be a variation of non-entertainment tourism.

This research is hindered by the standard case study limitations: it is difficult to generalize this study’s results to the wider DPRK population, the interviewee’s and researchers’ subjective feelings may have influenced the findings, and selection bias is definitely a factor because of the study’s population being a single female of non-DPRK origin.

As one of the first studies on DPRK martial arts tourism and practice, this research examines where research on the DPRK and martial arts tourism intersect. It is thusly unique in providing new insights into the DPRK’s intention for its tourism industry, as well as Taekwon-Do, arguably its most marketable cultural asset.

Attempts to discover an internal logic in the high‐speed events taking place in the former Soviet Union. In addressing the problems of the country′s disintegration, examines the issue in its socioeconomic, political and territorial‐administrative aspects. Analyses, for this purpose, the nature of Soviet society prior to Gorbachev′s reforms, its present transitional stage and its probable direction in the near future.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the China–North Korea alliance that has been often described as “Lips and Teeth” or “Blood Tied.”

In order to make accurate assessment of the China–North Korea relations, this paper conducts indepth historical analysis of the relations. The relations between two countries were formed in 1940s and lasts until today.

However, by looking into the history of two countries, this paper argues that the bilateral relations are not an extraordinary but an ordinary state-to-state relations dictated by national interests. Changes in their calculus of national interests affect their relations. They cooperate with each other when they see mutual benefit in doing so and tension arises when there is a conflict of interests. What should be noted is that the changes in the nature of relations is different from the deterioration in the relations. Recent improvement of their relations supports this paper’s argument.

This paper suggests new look at the China–North Korea relations that has been considered as an extraordinary relations. The findings of this paper suggest that the alliance relation is not different from other state-to-state relations where conflict and cooperation occurs based on their national interests.

The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the organisation design antecedents of coordination, learning and trust in an international strategic alliance in a cross-border context characterised by extreme political volatility.

The research was carried out as a single-case study in situ in a humanitarian international strategic alliance in Pyongyang, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea).

In addition to explaining the effects of interface, specialisation, formalisation and centralisation on coordination, learning and trust, the study demonstrates the influence of classic international business (IB) “costs of doing business abroad” (Hymer, 1960/1976) on the same organisational outcomes. Moreover, the study identifies intergovernmental engagement/containment/disengagement as a contextual antecedent of both organisation design and outcomes.

The study extends IB theory by indicating that mainstream IB perspectives may not fully explain intraorganisational outcomes in cross-border contexts characterised by extreme political volatility. Notably, the study suggests that complementary constructs such as intergovernmental engagement are needed to account for the additional costs incurred by such settings.

This paper aims to present a case study investigating Chinese tourists’ perceptions of North Korea which is regarded one of the most unique tourism destinations in the world.

This exploratory study reports findings based on semi-structured interviews with 30 Chinese tourists. This study uses the cognitive-affective model to categorise destination image proposed by respondents. Data were analysed using content analysis.

The study found that the cognitive image focusses on attributes such as the country’s unique economic/political situation, unspoiled natural environment and poor infrastructure construction. Affective components centre on the friendly relationship between China and North Korea, and a comparison between North Korea’s current situation and that of China during the period of the cultural revolution.

Given the qualitative approach and exploratory nature, the results may not be generalised to the wider literature of the Chinese outbound market. This article’s theoretical contribution to destination image may be limited to Chinese cultural contexts. This study provides practical implications for promoting North Korea’s images to attract more Chinese visitors.

Cognitive-affective model, as one of the most commonly used models, was used to explore North Korea’s destination image in Chinese tourists’ eyes. In addition, this study highlights the importance of politics in influencing a country’s destination image.

这篇文章探究朝鲜作为世界上最神秘的旅游目的地之一在中国游客心目中的形象。

这个探索性研究报告的发现是基于和30位中国游客的半开放式访谈。认知情感模型被用来概括访谈对象提出的目的地形象。内容分析用来进行数据分析。

这个研究发现认知影响主要关注于国家特殊的经济、政治情况, 未受污染的自然环境和落后的基础设施建设。情感印象主要关注于中朝鲜友谊和目前的朝鲜与文化大革命时期的中国相比较。

作为探索性研究, 这篇文章的发现可能没法通用于中国出境游的市场。这篇文章的理论贡献可能局限于中国文化。这篇文章也为如何宣传朝鲜作为旅游旅游目的地来吸引中国游客提出了实际建议。

认知情感模型作为最常用的模型用来探索朝鲜在中国游客心里的目的地形象。除此之外, 这个研究强调了政治作为影响目的地形象的因素。

este documento presenta un estudio de caso que investiga las percepciones de los turistas chinos sobre Corea del Norte, considerado uno de los destinos turísticos más singulares del mundo.

este estudio exploratorio informa resultados basados en entrevistas semiestructuradas con 30 turistas chinos. Este estudio utiliza el modelo cognitivo-afectivo para clasificar la imagen de destino propuesta por los encuestados. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido.

el estudio encontró que la imagen cognitiva se enfoca en atributos tales como la situación económica/política única del país, el entorno natural virgen y la construcción de infraestructura deficiente. Los componentes afectivos se centran en la relación amistosa entre China y Corea del Norte, y una comparación entre la situación actual de Corea del Norte y la de China durante el período de la Revolución Cultural.

de la investigación: dado el enfoque cualitativo y la naturaleza exploratoria, los resultados pueden no generalizarse a la literatura más amplia del mercado emisor chino. La contribución teórica de este artículo a la imagen de destino puede estar limitada a los contextos culturales chinos.Este estudio ofrece implicaciones prácticas para promover las imágenes de Corea del Norte para atraer a más visitantes chinos.

el modelo cognitivo-afectivo como uno de los modelos más utilizados se utilizó para explorar la imagen de destino de Corea del Norte a los ojos de los turistas chinos. Además, este estudio destaca la importancia de la política para influir en la imagen de destino de un país.