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1 – 10 of 10Sasi B. Swapna and R. Santhosh
The miniscule wireless sensor nodes, engaged in the wide range of applications for its capability of monitoring the physical changes around, requires an improved routing strategy…
Abstract
Purpose
The miniscule wireless sensor nodes, engaged in the wide range of applications for its capability of monitoring the physical changes around, requires an improved routing strategy with the befitting sensor node arrangement that plays a vital part in ensuring a completeness of the network coverage.
Design/methodology/approach
This paves way for the reduced energy consumption, the enhanced network connections and network longevity. The conventional methods and the evolutionary algorithms developed for arranging of the node ended with the less effectiveness and early convergence with the local optimum respectively.
Findings
The paper puts forward the befitting arrangement of the sensor nodes, cluster-head selection and the delayless routing using the ant lion (A-L) optimizer to achieve the substantial coverage, connection, the network-longevity and minimized energy consumption.
Originality/value
The further performance analysis of the proposed system is carried out with the simulation using the network simulator-2 and compared with the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm to substantiate the competence of the proposed routing method using the ant lion optimization.
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Suganya Pandi and Pradeep Reddy Ch.
Inclusion of mobile nodes (MNs) in Internet of Things (IoT) further increases the challenges such as frequent network disconnection and intermittent connectivity because of high…
Abstract
Purpose
Inclusion of mobile nodes (MNs) in Internet of Things (IoT) further increases the challenges such as frequent network disconnection and intermittent connectivity because of high mobility rate of nodes. This paper aims to propose a proactive mobility and congestion aware route prediction mechanism (PMCAR) to find the congestion free route from leaf to destination oriented directed acyclic graph root (DODAG-ROOT) which considers number of MNs connected to a static node. This paper compares the proposed technique (PMCAR) with RPL (OF0) which considers the HOP-COUNT to determine the path from leaf to DODAG-ROOT. The authors performed a simulation with the proposed technique in MATLAB to present the benefits in terms of packet loss and energy consumption.
Design/methodology/approach
In this pandemic situation, mobile and IoT play major role in predicting and preventing the CoronaVirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Huge amount of computations is happening with the data generated in this pandemic with the help of mobile devices. To route the data to remote locations through the network, it is necessary to have proper routing mechanism without congestion. In this paper, PMCAR mechanism is introduced to achieve the same. Internet of mobile Things (IoMT) is an extension of IoT that consists of static embedded devices and sensors. IoMT includes MNs which sense data and transfer it to the DODAG-ROOT. The nodes in the IoMT are characterised by low power, low memory, low computing power and low bandwidth support. Several challenges are encountered by routing protocols defined for IPV6 over low power wireless personal area networks to ensure reduced packet loss, less delay, less energy consumption and guaranteed quality of service.
Findings
The results obtained shows a significant improvement compared to the existing approach such as RPL (OF0). The proposed route prediction mechanism can be applied largely to medical applications which are delay sensitive, particularly in pandemic situations where the number of patients involved and the data gathered from them flows towards a central root for analysis. Support of data transmission from the patients to the doctors without much delay and packet loss will make the response or decisions available more quickly which is a vital part of medical applications.
Originality/value
The computational technologies in this COVID-19 pandemic situation needs timely data for computation without delay. IoMT is enabled with various devices such as mobile, sensors and wearable devices. These devices are dedicated for collecting the data from the patients or any objects from different geographical location based on the predetermined time intervals. Timely delivery of data is essential for accurate computation. So, it is necessary to have a routing mechanism without delay and congestion to handle this pandemic situation. The proposed PMCAR mechanism ensures the reliable delivery of data for immediate computation which can be used to make decisions in preventing and prediction.
Ravi Kumar D.N.S. and Barani S.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new data dissemination model in order to improve the performance of transmission in VANET. It proposes a protocol named Epidemic and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new data dissemination model in order to improve the performance of transmission in VANET. It proposes a protocol named Epidemic and Transmission-Segment-based Geographic Routing (ETSGR) and outlining the issues due to high mobility of nodes and uncertain physical topologies in the network. The proposed ETSGR is mainly used to analyze the vehicle state, direction, distance, traffic density and link quality of the network.
Design/methodology/approach
This research work based on ETSGR protocol mainly uses epidemic algorithm in order to find the vehicle state based on susceptible, infected and recovered (SIR) model. Furthermore, the vehicle position and finding the head node in the network is utilized using the transmission segment protocol based on geographic routing and analyses each node to form the segments and find the destination to transmit the data in timely manner.
Findings
The paper provides the enhancement of the performance based on some metrics such as end-to-end delay that obtained 0.62%, data throughput as 32.3%, packet delivery ratio as 67% and one-hop communication as 13%. The proposed ETSGR protocol analyzes the state of the vehicle correctly and each node segmented to transmit the data with the timely manner and obtaining reliable performance even with high mobility of nodes in the network.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed ETSGR protocol may have some limitation when considering the timing which should improve even in increasing many number of vehicles and different road segments.
Practical implications
This paper includes some suggestions for the practical deployment of the approach in which a real-time traffic analysis can be evaluated for taking prior actions during an emergency situation and proper dissemination of data in timely manner can help utilize the guidance of proper planning of roads.
Originality/value
This research fulfills an enhanced protocol to improve the performance of data dissemination.
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Tamer Savas, Oznur Usanmaz, Ozlem Sahin, Ertan Çınar and Murat Karaderili
The study aims to design a new route model for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to integrate them into non-segregated airspace.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to design a new route model for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to integrate them into non-segregated airspace.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed route model was assessed and validated through real-time simulations.
Findings
The comparison results of baseline and proposed route model show that a reduction of 38% and 41% in the total flight time and total flight distance were obtained in favour of the proposed model, respectively.
Practical implications
The proposed route model can be applied by airspace designers and UAV users to perform safe and efficient landing in non-segregated airspace.
Originality/value
In this study, a new proposed route model is constructed for UAVs. Quantitative results, using a real-time simulation method, are achieved in terms of flight distance and flight time.
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Chetan Jalendra, B.K. Rout and Amol Marathe
Industrial robots are extensively deployed to perform repetitive and simple tasks at high speed to reduce production time and improve productivity. In most cases, a compliant…
Abstract
Purpose
Industrial robots are extensively deployed to perform repetitive and simple tasks at high speed to reduce production time and improve productivity. In most cases, a compliant gripper is used for assembly tasks such as peg-in-hole assembly. A compliant mechanism in the gripper introduces flexibility that may cause oscillation in the grasped object. Such a flexible gripper–object system can be considered as an under-actuated object held by the gripper and the oscillations can be attributed to transient disturbance of the robot itself. The commercially available robots do not have a control mechanism to reduce such induced vibration. Thus, this paper aims to propose a contactless vision-based approach for vibration suppression which uses a predictive vibrational amplitude error-based second-stage controller.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed predictive vibrational amplitude error-based second-stage controller is a real-time vibration control strategy that uses predicted error to estimate the second-stage controller output. Based on controller output, input trajectories were estimated for the internal controller of the robot. The control strategy efficiently handles the system delay to execute the control input trajectories when the oscillating object is at an extreme position.
Findings
The present controller works along with the internal controller of the robot without any interruption to suppress the residual vibration of the object. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller, experimental implementation on Asea Brown Boveri make industrial robot (IRB) 1410 robot with a low frame rate camera has been carried out. In this experiment, two objects have been considered that have a low (<2.38 Hz) and high (>2.38 Hz) natural frequency. The proposed controller can suppress 95% of vibration amplitude in less than 3 s and reduce the stability time by 90% for a peg-in-hole assembly task.
Originality/value
The present vibration control strategy uses a camera with a low frame rate (25 fps) and the delays are handled intelligently to favour suppression of high-frequency vibration. The mathematical model and the second-stage controller implemented suppress vibration without modifying the robot dynamical model and the internal controller.
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Xavier Fageda and Ricardo Flores-Fillol
We investigate the relationship between airline network structure and airport congestion. More specifically, we study the ways in which airlines adjust capacity to delays…
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between airline network structure and airport congestion. More specifically, we study the ways in which airlines adjust capacity to delays depending on the network type they operate. We find some evidence suggesting that airlines operating hub-and-spoke structures react less to delays than airlines operating fully connected configurations. In particular, network airlines have incentives to keep frequency high even if this is at the expense of a greater congestion at their hub airports. We also show that airlines in slot-constrained airports seem to react to higher levels of congestion by using bigger aircraft at lower frequencies; thus, we conclude that conditioning the number of available slots on the levels of delays at the airport seems an effective measure that creates the right incentives for airlines to reduce the congestion they generate.
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Ruth Banomyong and Thomas E. Fernandez
The purpose of this paper is to assess the logistics performance of national trade corridors in Myanmar based on a theoretical portrayal of multimodal transport in logistics…
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the logistics performance of national trade corridors in Myanmar based on a theoretical portrayal of multimodal transport in logistics chains combined with the real-time operation of such chains. A cost-time-distance model was used as the core theoretical framework for the discussion. Empirical data related to cost, time and distance was obtained to evaluate national trade corridors in Myanmar. The study explored the performance of trade corridor in the pulses and beans sector from the largest sown and harvest areas to the main seaports in Myanmar. The pulses and beans sector was selected because the country is the 2nd highest exporter in the world and would benefit from improved access to its national seaports. Under the cost-time-distance model used, it was observed that physical infrastructure, institutional environment as well as limited capability of local providers hindered the overall performance of the trade corridors under study.
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John C. Beghin and Yalem Teshome
Food security was investigated in three villages in rural Ethiopia for smallholder farmers growing staple crops and coffee. Field surveys were conducted through extensive…
Abstract
Food security was investigated in three villages in rural Ethiopia for smallholder farmers growing staple crops and coffee. Field surveys were conducted through extensive interviews of head of households in three villages in the coffee-growing region of Oromia. We computed basic descriptive statistics and estimated a discrete variable model of the food security status of households and its socioeconomic determinants. We found that commercial input used among smallholders remains sporadic and pricey. Most households produce coffee as a key source of cash income, and rely on a major coffee cooperative to market their coffee. The coffee cooperative helps with transportation costs, eases market participation decisions, and provides better and stable prices. Many farmers rely on credit and banking services offered by the cooperative. These services contribute to food security. Most food-insecure households tend to be headed by females and have severe land constraints. These households also tend to work outside of their own farm more often at lower-return activities than do food-secure households. Despite the fast growing economy of Ethiopia, smallholder households face considerable impediments to improve their economic livelihoods and market participation due to limited land and poor transportation and telecommunications infrastructures. Policies lowering the unit cost and increasing the local availability of commercial inputs for agriculture would be useful to boost staple food production and income generation of smallholders systematically. Better infrastructures and easier access to land would help mitigate food insecurity.
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The purpose of this article is to explore decentralization as a management strategy in university library administration using University Libraries of Calabar, Uyo and Cross River…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to explore decentralization as a management strategy in university library administration using University Libraries of Calabar, Uyo and Cross River State University as case studies. It examines how effective the different levels of decentralization in a large establishment such as a university library can stabilize the management system and create cohesion, and harmony in spite of problems of communication, coordination and control.
Design/methodology/approach
These objectives are achieved through the descriptive survey methodology investigating the implications of a decentralized system of administration in a university library using the instrument of questionnaire.
Findings
The finding is that decentralization could make for efficient management in a large establishment such as a university library especially if enhanced by the new technologies.
Research limitations/implications
For further research, this paper suggests investigation into the implications of the assertion that no organization is totally centralized or totally decentralized.
Practical implications
The practical implication of this paper is the fact that there are both centralized and decentralized systems of functions, services and administration in most university libraries. Where a library is totally decentralized, the high executive has no more responsibilities and the library may collapse. Where it is totally centralized, subordinates are alienated and are remote from activities.
Originality/value
Provides the rather paradoxical vision of the internet as a centralized approach towards the enhancement of a decentralized system of administration.
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