Search results
1 – 10 of over 23000Denisa Maria Sologon and Cathal O’Donoghue
The economic reality of the 1990s in Europe forced the labor markets to become more flexible. Using a consistent comparative dataset for 14 countries, the European Community…
Abstract
The economic reality of the 1990s in Europe forced the labor markets to become more flexible. Using a consistent comparative dataset for 14 countries, the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), we explore the degree of earnings mobility and inequality across Europe, and the role of labor market institutions in understanding the cross-national differences in earnings mobility. We study the degree of rank mobility and the degree of mobility as equalizer of long-term earnings. The country ranking in long-term earnings inequality is similar with the country ranking in annual inequality, which is a sign of limited long-term equalizing mobility within countries with higher levels of annual inequality. In long-term earnings inequality, Denmark renders the most mobile earnings distribution with the second highest equalizing effect. The only disequalizing mobility in a lifetime perspective is found in Portugal. With respect to the relationship between earnings mobility and earnings inequality, we find a significant negative association both in the short and the long run. Based on the rankings in long-term Fields mobility and long-term inequality, Denmark is expected to have the lowest lifetime earnings inequality in Europe, followed by Finland, Austria, and Belgium. The Mediterranean countries (Spain and Portugal) are expected to have the highest long-term inequality. With respect to the institutional factors that may be related to earnings mobility, we bring evidence that the deregulation in the labor and product markets, the degree of unionization, the degree of corporatism and the spending on ALMPs are positively associated with earnings mobility.
Details
Keywords
Prateek Basavaraj, Ivan Garibay and Ozlem Ozmen Garibay
Postsecondary institutions use metrics such as student retention and college completion rates to measure student success. Multiple factors affect the success of first time in…
Abstract
Purpose
Postsecondary institutions use metrics such as student retention and college completion rates to measure student success. Multiple factors affect the success of first time in college (FTIC) and transfer students. Transfer student success rates are significantly low, with most transfer students nationwide failing to complete their degrees in four-year institutions. The purpose of this study is to better understand the degree progression patterns of both student types in two undergraduate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs: computer science (CS) and information technology (IT). Recommendations concerning academic advising are discussed to improve transfer student success.
Design/methodology/approach
This study describes how transfer student success can be improved by thoroughly analyzing their degree progression patterns. This study uses institutional data from a public university in the United States. Specifically, this study utilizes the data of FTIC and transfer students enrolled in CS and IT programs at the targeted university to understand their degree progression patterns and analyzes the program curricula using network science curricular analytics method to determine what courses in the curriculum require more assistance to retain students.
Findings
The major findings of this study are: (1) students’ degree mobility patterns within an institution differ significantly between transfer and FTIC students; (2) some similarities exist between the CS and IT programs in terms of transfer students' degree mobility patterns; (3) transfer students' performance in basic and intermediate level core courses contribute to differences in transfer students' mobility patterns.
Originality/value
This study introduces the concept of “mobility patterns” and examines student degree mobility patterns of both FTIC and transfer students in a large public university to improve the advising process for transfer students regarding courses and identifying secondary majors.
Details
Keywords
Yinqiu Wang, Hui Luo and Yunyan` Shi
This paper aims to explore international talent mobility and identify its negative/positive factors.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore international talent mobility and identify its negative/positive factors.
Design/methodology/approach
Bibliometric data from Scopus are explicated to model the mobility network and providing a more comprehensive posture. In addition, by using indicators of complex network, significant features of international talent mobility are described quantitatively. After that, by introducing a kind of improved gravity model with multiple linear regression, the authors identify factors to explain international talent mobility flows.
Findings
With the analysis of international talent mobility in complex network, the overall network is not balanced. A small part of developed countries and developing countries with good emergency attract and drain a lot of talents and talents usually moving between these countries, the amount of talents leaving or entering into other countries is very limited. Furthermore, according to multiple linear regression, it is found that the share of migrants in population is the major negative factor for international talent mobility, and the factors of destination countries is more significant than original countries.
Originality/value
The result of this paper may support further research studies and political suggestions for cultivating, attracting and retaining scientific and technological talents in the world.
Details
Keywords
As an emerging market of international education, Asian countries ambitiously launched internationalization initiatives and strategies to attract international talent. Since the…
Abstract
Purpose
As an emerging market of international education, Asian countries ambitiously launched internationalization initiatives and strategies to attract international talent. Since the 1990s, Taiwan's government has implemented various internationalization policies. Partly affected by the political forces of neighboring China, Taiwan's government launched the New Southbound Policy (NSP) as the main regional strategy in 2016. One of the aims of this strategy was to promote mutual talent mobility between Taiwan and New Southbound Policy countries (NSPC). The purpose of this study is to explore how the NSP influences the student mobility scheme in Taiwan.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted the qualitative document analysis to investigate and compare the major Asian countries' internationalization focus and summarize Taiwan's internationalization development process and policy priorities. Moreover, a qualitative approach was adopted in order to collect data from 2005 to 2018 to examine Taiwan's student mobility scheme under the policy change.
Findings
Under the influence of the NSP after 2016, the student mobility scheme between Taiwan and NSPC could be categorized into five categories in accordance with the mobility rate. Although the nation-driven policy was considered powerful, the unbalanced flow between Taiwan and NSPC became severe.
Research limitations/implications
The study lacked statistics on the degree level of outbound Taiwanese students going to NSPC. It could not compare the student mobility scheme between Taiwan and NSPC by degree level.
Originality/value
The research looked at the initiatives Asian countries have developed in order to raise higher education internationalization and regional status, which shed light on the national/regional approaches under the global change.
Details
Keywords
William R. Clark, Mark Hallerberg, Manfred Keil and Thomas D. Willett
The purpose of this paper is to review concepts and measurements related to financial globalization such as financial openness, financial integration, monetary interdependence…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review concepts and measurements related to financial globalization such as financial openness, financial integration, monetary interdependence, and the mobility and movement of capital.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on monetary interdependence and financial globalization. The major ways in which these concepts are measured empirically are presented and critiqued.
Findings
Disagreements about the degree of financial integration and capital mobility are, in part, explained by the different approaches to measuring these concepts. One major challenge in obtaining a good measures is controlling for other major factors that may influence observed correlations among financial variables. While these relationships still cannot be estimated precisely, it can be safely said that while high for many countries, few if any financial markets are perfectly integrated across countries.
Originality/value
By offering a comprehensive analysis of these different measurements, the paper underscores the different implications for national policies and the operation of the international monetary system of different dimensions of globalization. In particular, the proposition that financial globalization has left most countries with little autonomy for domestic monetary policy is subject to serious debate, at least in the short run.
Details
Keywords
Stella McKnight, Sarah-Louise Collins, David Way and Pam Iannotti
The government’s ambition is to have three million more apprentices by 2020. The newness of degree apprenticeships and insufficient data make it difficult to assess their relative…
Abstract
Purpose
The government’s ambition is to have three million more apprentices by 2020. The newness of degree apprenticeships and insufficient data make it difficult to assess their relative importance in boosting the UK economy, meeting higher skills needs of employers, closing educational attainment gaps, increasing social mobility and supporting under-represented groups into professional employment. The purpose of this paper, led by the University of Winchester and delivered by a new collaboration of private and public sector partners, is to build a pipeline between those currently failing to progress to, or engage with, degree apprenticeships and employers seeking higher skills and a broader pool of applicants.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides an analysis of collaborative initiatives and related research in England as the context for university involvement in degree apprenticeships. The case study illustrates the benefits of collaboration in targeted outreach initiatives within the local region to address gaps in progression to degree apprenticeships.
Findings
This paper illustrates how establishing a regional picture of degree apprenticeship provision, access and participation can inform effective partnerships and build capacity locally to deliver the higher skills employers need, further demonstrating the potential benefits of university involvement in degree apprenticeship provision in contributing to local and national policy ambition. It also shows how effective targeted interventions can help under-achieving groups, including those in social care and women in digital enterprises.
Originality/value
The authors believe this paper is the only academic analysis of the impact of Degree Apprenticeship Development Fund activity in the region.
Details
Keywords
Daniele Checchi and Antonio Filippin
The “prospect of upward mobility” (POUM) hypothesis formalised by Benabou and Ok (2001a) finds explicit assumptions under which some individuals that are poorer than the average…
Abstract
The “prospect of upward mobility” (POUM) hypothesis formalised by Benabou and Ok (2001a) finds explicit assumptions under which some individuals that are poorer than the average optimally choose to oppose redistribution policies. The underlying intuition is that these individuals rationally expect to be richer than average in the future. This result holds provided the mobility process is concave in expectations, redistribution policies are expected to last for a sufficiently long period and individuals are not too risk averse. This paper tests the POUM hypothesis by means of a within subjects experiment where the concavity of the mobility process, the degree of social mobility, the knowledge of personal income and the degree of inequality are used as treatments. Other determinants of the demand for redistribution, such as risk aversion and inequality aversion are (partially) controlled for via either the experiment design or the information collected during the experiment. We find that the POUM hypothesis holds under alternative specifications, even when we control for individual fixed effects.
The purpose of this paper is to understand urban mobility model.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand urban mobility model.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors have used deep learning as tools of analysis and taxi transportation data as sources of mobility.
Findings
The authors have found urban mobility model of weekdays and weekends for a metropolitan city.
Research limitations/implications
There could be many sources of transportation data but the authors have used public taxi data solely.
Practical implications
With the urban mobility model proposed in this paper, other researchers and industries can improve their own service based on urban mobility model.
Social implications
The result would be a good model for urban traffic control or traffic modeling.
Originality/value
This works is an improvement of the paper published in The 15th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM2017) by recommendation of conference editor, Ismail Khalil, IJPCC editor-in-chief.
Details
Keywords
Wenkai Sun, Xianghong Wang and Chong-En Bai
– This paper aims to illustrate the trends of income growth and income inequality and examines the dynamics and determinants of income mobility in rural China from 2003 to 2006.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the trends of income growth and income inequality and examines the dynamics and determinants of income mobility in rural China from 2003 to 2006.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors decomposed the Gini coefficient by different sources and analyzed income mobility using the method of income transition matrix. The authors then estimated the effects of demographic variables, labor migration, and other household characteristics on income growth using a dynamic panel data model.
Findings
The study obtained important findings on income mobility and income inequality in rural China. First, annual income inequality in rural China was smoothed during this period after a decline from 2003, with the largest contribution from the income of migration work. Second, income mobility remained rather stable and relatively high, with higher mobility in the interior provinces than in the coastal provinces. Third, the income levels of the poor and the wealthy households converged during this period after controlling other factors. Fourth, income growth depends on in the households' demographic composition, their human capital accumulation, and their chances of getting migration jobs.
Originality/value
The sound econometric methods applied to the most current rural household survey data provide important contributions to the literature of income inequality and income mobility in China.
Details
Keywords
John A. Bishop, Haiyong Liu and Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
Countries with greater income inequality also tend to have less intergenerational mobility. This relationship, as referred by Krueger (2012), is called “The Great Gatsby Curve.”…
Abstract
Countries with greater income inequality also tend to have less intergenerational mobility. This relationship, as referred by Krueger (2012), is called “The Great Gatsby Curve.” Criticisms on this curve have brought to notice several limitations of previous studies: a few number of observations; short gap of time between measured inequality and immobility; heterogeneous databases; and model-based estimates of immobility. To correct for some of these limitations, we test for the impact of past income inequality on intergenerational social status persistence using the International Social Survey Program (2009). In accordance with previous studies, we find a positive relationship between these two variables, though the relatively poor model fit suggests the presence of other factors. In this respect, we find that past economic freedom has a negative and significant impact on social status persistence, while previous growth is not significant.
Details