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In the wake of the financial crisis and ensuing recession, there has been a substantial increase in the number of individuals and households unable to meet their financial commitments, especially in London, UK. This growth in personal debt problems has significant implications for individual health and the associated need for NHS care. There is growing evidence that financial problems are associated with stress‐related ill health, both mental and physical. This ar ticle summarises the London Health Forum's repor t on the relationship between personal debt and health in London and reviews other studies that have carried out research on health and debt.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the increased insolvency filings by migrants since the enactment of the consumer insolvency law in 1999 is associated with moral hazard. It describes the profile of migrant debtors and highlights the areas of moral hazard. This study aims to propose changes to the consumer bankruptcy system.

Empirical evidence for this work consists of primary data from 435 individuals mainly with immigration background, who were declared bankrupt by district courts (Amtsgericht). Both qualitative and quantitative research types were used. Interviews helped to attain an in-depth understanding of the way in which any misconduct may take place. Quantitative data were gathered to understand the debt profile of migrant debtors, types of liabilities and creditors’ reactions to write-off requests.

The paper provides empirical insights about the way misconduct is pursued and suggests that neither party, i.e. the debtors through debt counsellors and creditors/factoring companies or their representatives, is entirely free of unethical practice. Hence, the paper stresses the need to establish public agencies, which provide joint mediation services for private debtors and their creditors alike.

Data collected for the purpose of this study may not be comprehensive because given the sensitivity of the area of study that is misconduct – including breaking the law – not all machinations may have been revealed and described in this work. Therefore, further research needs to be conducted in this field.

The paper has implications for policymakers. Consumer bankruptcy system is relatively new and needs to be amended to allow debtors and creditors to negotiate write-offs not by sending countless letters through their respective representatives, which is also carried out over a long period of time, but to try to come to terms in one agency, which is responsible for both sides.

The findings in this paper may provide some valuable insights, which could also give impulses to debates on problems that may come with immigration.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, no research exists that analyzes the topic at hand with such extensive data and using both methods of research at the same time.

Little is known about effective supervision of offenders with debt. This multiple case study aims to gain insight into working elements in offender supervision on debt. This is important for probation officers to choose the most effective interventions in daily offender supervision.

This study included five best practice cases based on both interviews with involved professionals and clients and client file information. One case was described in detail to illustrate what probation officers and clients encounter when working on debt. All five cases were analyzed thematically using pattern matching techniques and crosscase syntheses on debt background, current supervision, barriers and working elements.

Organization processes and lack of aftercare hinder effective supervision. Close collaboration with other professionals (e.g. debt counselors) is important in supervising clients with debt. The client’s own behavior and motivation for supervision are crucial in the success of debt supervision and can be both hindering and effective. Working elements in supervision depend on personal characteristics of professionals involved and on the extent to which elements of a working alliance, particularly trust and bonding, are built.

Support and facilitation from probation organizations regarding primary conditions and collaboration, training professionals in methods of stimulating clients motivation and an effective working alliance are essential to supervise clients with debt adequately.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other in-depth study has yet been conducted on working elements in supervision of probationers with debt.

This article reports the evaluation of the Choices Project, an initiative which was developed to address health inequalities and was piloted in a medical centre in an area of multiple deprivation. The article reports an evaluation of the pilot. The Project was found to have achieved its aims of addressing the mental, social and emotional health needs of clients living in a deprived area, and facilitating a multi‐agency approach to primary care health promotion. In addition to running a consultation clinic, the Project workers set up advice services, such as a welfare benefits and debt counselling service, and provided information about local resources. The results of the evaluation demonstrated the approach to be valued by the staff of the medical centre and effective for a significant number of clients who presented with a variety of problems which had serious consequences for health, but which were not caused by problems traditionally viewed as medical.

The purpose of this study is to shed greater light on the factors that influence consumer compliance behavior, e.g. SRF, in compliance dependent services (CDS). CDS, e.g. weight loss, retirement savings, education, credit repair, are long term in nature, often requiring lifestyle changes. In addition, and importantly, the customer's role in CDS extends beyond the face‐to‐face interaction and requires the consumer to comply with prescribed behaviors when away from the service provider.

The subjects were 243 female clients (aged 20 to 45) at a weight loss/fitness center located in south India. Subjects were selected from among the new clients who signed up for an eight‐week long weight loss and fitness program which seeks to help clients lose modest amounts of excess weight (averaging approximately ten pounds). On signing up, respondents completed a survey that included several scales of regulatory focus, and a question eliciting reasons for wanting to lose weight.

This study exams the role of self‐regulatory focus (SRF) in long‐term customer compliance behavior in weight loss. A specific measure of SRF led to better outcomes than the generalized measures of SRF.

Though this research project examines consumer behavior in the context of weight loss activities, it has far‐ranging implications for various services requiring consumers to engage in prescribed behaviors over the long run. For example, the success of debt counseling services and retirement savings programs require clients to engage in certain behaviors over the long run. Marketers of CDS programs will be able to use the findings of this research project to find new ways to increase long‐term customer compliance behavior.

This paper seeks to explore some of the issues around older people and alcohol.

The paper highlights good practice through case studies and identifies some practical ways to prevent and reduce the risk of alcohol abuse by older people.

More brief intervention for older drinkers, more specialist projects for older drinkers, and training and support for staff in all services dealing with older people who misuse alcohol is urgently needed. Additionally, specialist training for dementia services to enable them to work effectively with alcohol‐related brain injury and drinkers in drug and alcohol services who are ageing are also needed. Finally, we need more research on substance misuse in older people, primarily in order to generate practical responses.

The epidemic of excessive drinking described by the media fails to include people over 65, even though there is plenty of evidence to show that they are experiencing many of the same social and economic pressures as young people.

This paper aims to explore how organizations use annual reporting for legitimacy purposes in the context of the ten recently privatised regional water companies in the UK. Although privatization required the water plcs to establish a distinctly different organizational legitimacy for themselves as customer‐focused companies commensurate with their new private sector status, it was clear from the nature of their privatization that they would experience difficulties in achieving this. Privatization did little to change their previous monopoly character, and this created discrepancy with the model of private sector companies operating in customer‐led competitive markets.

The paper uses a content analysis of statements concerning customer service in annual reports. The analysis examines the variety of ways in which the ten water plcs deployed both assertive and defensive impression management techniques in their attempts to gain, maintain and repair their legitimacy as customer‐focused companies.

The analysis emphasises the importance of the role of corporate reporting as a resource in legitimacy management. The paper also argues that, despite sustained efforts, the water plcs did not wholly succeed in persuading all their customers that the privatization of water was “a good thing”.

The paper will be valuable to researchers and practitioners alike, as it attempts to take further one's understanding of how organizations use corporate reporting for legitimacy purposes by examining a much more extreme case of the legitimacy problem than has been previously considered in the literature: namely, the need for an entirely new basis for corporate legitimacy.

THE European campaign to catch up with the United States and Japan in the provision of information technology took a major step forward at the end of February when the Council of Ministers of the European Communities adopted the ESPRIT programme. ESPRIT equates to the ‘European Strategic Programme of Information Technology’ and the main areas of research cover micro electronics, software technology, advanced information processing, office systems, and computer integrated manufacturing. The programme will span the years 1984–88 and will cost 1,500,000,000 European Units of Account (£900,000,000), half of which will be contributed by the European Communities Commission, and half by industry. Although the European Community represents over thirty per cent of the world IT market, European industry provides only ten per cent of this market. For further details of the programme, contact Mr W Colin, IT Task Force, 200 Rue de la Loi, B 1049 Brussels, Belgium, tel 235 4477 or 235 2348, telecopier 230 1203, tx 25946.