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Leave is an important part of life for both patients and clinicians in secure mental health and learning disability settings. Patients breaching leave conditions (i.e. absconding or failing to return) represent a small percentage of leave episodes; however when incidents occur there can be far reaching negative outcomes for potential victims, the patient and the service. The purpose of this paper is to devise a risk assessment specifically for leave decision making based on the literature available.

Using the approach followed in the violence risk assessment field, a literature review was carried out of papers relating to absconding. The results were used to develop the leave/abscond risk assessment (LARA).

There are a number of problems with the available literature: there is a dearth of research, definitions for absconding are varied (often including escape) making comparisons difficult and much of the literature focuses on psychiatric acute wards making it difficult to translate into secure environments. Characteristics of absconders vary and are not idiosyncratic enough from which to develop a risk assessment. Socio‐environmental factors are perhaps more important and so the LARA was devised around assessment of these.

The limitations of this paper are clear: a risk assessment tool is proposed that has not been evaluated or validated in any way. The authors feel that the process warrants publication and invite readers to use the tool for clinical and/or research purposes.

The LARA is proposed as a specific leave‐decision‐making risk assessment tool for teams working in secure environments.

It is said that travel broadens the mind, deepens the understanding and refreshes the spirit. Judging by the amount of long distance travel undertaken nowadays by more people than ever before, it may also be said to widen the beam! However, this brief article is mainly concerned with the scope and benefits of the Library Association's programme of internships.

IT is said that travel broadens the mind, deepens the understanding and refreshes the spirit. Judging by the amount of long distance travel undertaken nowadays by more people than ever before, it may also be said to widen the beam! However, this brief article is mainly concerned with the scope and benefits of the Library Association's programme of internships.

This paper challenges the medically dominated mental health orthodoxy in Britain. It advocates an integrated community development approach underpinned by anti‐racist, empowering practice. It offers successful practice examples of a holistic, self‐governed mental health system for Black people in Britain. The paper draws on the philosophy of social action and Ubuntu, the African model of collective support, and arguments for empowerment and participation. Together these influences form the basis of community development work in Britain and globally.

The purpose of this study was to investigate on managing market risk and financial performance, experience from microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kenya.

This study used positivism philosophy and used explanatory non-experimental research designs. The targeted population was all the 13 registered deposit-taking MFIs in Kenya and a census approach was used. The study used secondary data which was collected and analyzed from microfinance Institutions annual audited financial reports for the period between 2014 to 2018. This study was anchored on two theories, namely, resource-based value theory and extreme value theory.

The results indicated that interest rate and financial leverage risk had a positive significant effect on the financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. Foreign exchange risk was found to have a negative significant effect on the financial performance of MFIs. However, inflation rate risk was found to have no significant effect on the financial performance of MFIs.

This study recommended that the chief executive officers of MFIs should use the mechanism of identifying market risk variables, especially Interest rate, financial leverage and foreign exchange risks to enable them to put the necessary measures to mitigate those risks and enhance the financial performance of MFIs in Kenya.

This study is unique as it touches the microfinance industry which has a steady fast growth in assisting accessibility of financial services to small and medium enterprises. Most of the previous study concentrated on other industry in the financial sector.

A review of literature concerning the over‐representation of young, African‐Caribbean males within secure psychiatric services.

This paper describes the clinical and risk characteristics of patients admitted over the first four years of operation of the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disordered (DSPD) NHS pilot at the Peaks Unit, Rampton Secure Hospital. There were 124 referrals, mainly from Category A and B prisons, resulting in 68 DSPD admissions. Clinically, 29% scored 30 or more on the Psychopathy Checklist. The most common personality disorders were antisocial, borderline, paranoid and narcissistic. There is a high risk of violent/sexual recidivism as measured by the Static‐99, Violence Risk Scale, and the Historical, Clinical and Risk Management Scale.