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To remain competitive in today's global marketplace multinational organizations have to adopt advance computer and communication technologies, such as expert systems, neural networks, and global electronic data interchange (EDI). Global EDI transcends traditional corporate and national boundaries; therefore, to maintain availability, confidentiality and integrity of data, the management must develop internal control mechanisms. This paper discusses both the external and internal risks and control activities related to the standardization of hardware, software, and communication protocols, the availability of global networks, the existence of cultural and language barriers, and the importance of legal considerations. Data confidentiality and integrity controls such as access control, encryption, traffic padding, routing control, cable protection, notarization services, acknowledgment control, and audit trail are important for controlling risk in global EDI.

It is well known in the mining industry that the increase in failures and breakdowns is due mainly to a poor maintenance policy for the equipment, in addition to the difficult access that specialized personnel have to combat the breakdown, which translates into more machine downtime. For this reason, this study aims to propose a remote assistance model for diagnosing and repairing critical breakdowns in mining industry trucks using augmented reality techniques and data analytics with a quality approach that considerably reduces response times, thus optimizing human resources.

In this work, the six-phase CRIPS-DM methodology is used. Initially, the problem of fault diagnosis in trucks used in the extraction of material in the mining industry is addressed. The authors then propose a model under study that seeks a real-time connection between a service technician attending the truck at the mine site and a specialist located at a remote location, considering the data transmission requirements and the machine's characterization.

It is considered that the theoretical results obtained in the development of this study are satisfactory from the business point of view since, in the first instance, it fulfills specific objectives related to the telecare process. On the other hand, from the data mining point of view, the results manage to comply with the theoretical aspects of the establishment of failure prediction models through the application of the CRISP-DM methodology. All of the above opens the possibility of developing prediction models through machine learning and establishing the best model for the objective of failure prediction.

The original contribution of this work is the proposal of the design of a remote assistance model for diagnosing and repairing critical failures in the mining industry, considering augmented reality and data analytics. Furthermore, the integration of remote assistance, the characterization of the CAEX, their maintenance information and the failure prediction models allow the establishment of a quality-based model since the database with which the learning machine will work is constantly updated.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN), as a solution for buried water pipe monitoring, face a new set of challenges compared to traditional application for above-ground infrastructure monitoring. One of the main challenges for underground WSN deployment is the limited range (less than 3 m) at which reliable wireless underground communication can be achieved using radio signal propagation through the soil. To overcome this challenge, the purpose of this paper is to investigate a new approach for wireless underground communication using acoustic signal propagation along a buried water pipe.

An acoustic communication system was developed based on the requirements of low cost (tens of pounds at most), low power supply capacity (in the order of 1 W-h) and miniature (centimetre scale) size for a wireless communication node. The developed system was further tested along a buried steel pipe in poorly graded SAND and a buried medium density polyethylene (MDPE) pipe in well graded SAND.

With predicted acoustic attenuation of 1.3 dB/m and 2.1 dB/m along the buried steel and MDPE pipes, respectively, reliable acoustic communication is possible up to 17 m for the buried steel pipe and 11 m for the buried MDPE pipe.

Although an important first step, more research is needed to validate the acoustic communication system along a wider water distribution pipe network.

This paper shows the possibility of achieving reliable wireless underground communication along a buried water pipe (especially non-metallic material ones) using low-frequency acoustic propagation along the pipe wall.

The purpose of this study is to design a wearable medical device as a human care platform and to introduce the design details, key technologies and practical implementation methods of the system.

A multi-channel data acquisition scheme based on PCI-E (rapid interconnection of peripheral components) was proposed. The flexible biosensor is integrated with the flexible data acquisition card with monitoring capability, and the embedded (device that can operate independently) chip STM32F103VET6 is used to realize the simultaneous processing of multi-channel human health parameters. The human health parameters were transferred to the upper computer LabVIEW by intelligent clothing through USB or wireless Bluetooth to complete the transmission and processing of clinical data, which facilitates the analysis of medical data.

The smart clothing provides a mobile medical cloud platform for wearable medical through cloud computing, which can continuously monitor the body's wrist movement, body temperature and perspiration for 24 h. The result shows that each channel is completely accurate to the top computer display, which can meet the expected requirements, and the wearable instant care system can be applied to healthcare.

The smart clothing in this study is based on the monitoring and diagnosis of textiles, and the electronic communication devices can cooperate and interact to form a wearable textile system that provides medical monitoring and prevention services to individuals in the fastest and most accurate way. Each channel of the system is precisely matched to the display screen of the host computer and meets the expected requirements. As a real-time human health protection platform technology, continuous monitoring of human vital signs can complete the application of human motion detection, medical health monitoring and human–computer interaction. Ultimately, such an intelligent garment will become an integral part of our everyday clothing.

The purpose of this paper is to explore grid‐based routing in wireless sensor networks and to compare the energy available in the network over time for different grid sizes.

The test area is divided into square‐shaped grids of certain length. Energized nodes are placed randomly in the terrain area with the sink node in a fixed position. One node per grid is elected as the leader node based on the highest energy level and the proximity to the centre of the grid. The sink node floods the network to identify a path from sink to source. The path from the sink to the source through the leader nodes are computed using three different methods: shortest path; leader nodes which have the highest energy; and leader nodes based on their received signal strength (RSS) indicator values. After the path is computed, transmission of data is continued until the leader nodes run out of energy. New leader nodes are then elected using the same mechanism to replace the depleted ones.

Identified the optimal grid size to minimize the energy consumption in sensor networks and to extend the network lifetime. Also proposed is a new routing protocol which identifies routes based on energy threshold and RSS threshold.

The use of RSS threshold is identified to be the good metric for path selection in routing the data between source and the sink.

Simulator software and the protocol developed can be used for in optimizing energy efficiency in sensor networks.

This work contributes to the discussion on uniform and non‐uniform grid sizes and emphasizes a new method for reducing the energy consumption by identifying an optimum grid size. It also utilizes bursty data for simulation.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a form of electronic communication designed to permit trading partners (customers and suppliers), in two or more organizations, to exchange business transaction data in electronic, structured formats. Unique to EDI, the electronic transmission of the transaction information can be processed directly by the applications within the receiving computer systems. The transmission of data in machine readable form eliminates the need for manual intervention in the data entry or data manipulation process. EDI is a tool for the electronic transmission and integration of information interorganizationally. A growing number of leading edge engineering and construction companies from around the world are implementing EDI applications to improve operational efficiency, enhance information quality, and achieve reductions in processing time of project critical information. EDI facilitates electronic commerce and is particularly useful in international construction endeavours. This paper provides an overview of EDI, discusses EDI applications in engineering and construction (E & C), outlines the status of international EDI standards development as it relates specifically to the E & C industry, and summarizes corporate benefits commonly attributable to EDI implementation.

This monograph defines distributed intelligence and discusses the relationship of distributed intelligence to data base, justifications for using the technique, and the approach to successful implementation of the technique. The approach is then illustrated by reference to a case study of experience in Birds Eye Foods. The planning process by which computing strategy for the company was decided is described, and the planning conclusions reached to date are given. The current state of development in the company is outlined and the very real savings so far achieved are specified. Finally, the main conclusions of the monograph are brought together. In essence these conclusions are that major savings are achievable using distributed intelligence, and that the implementation of a company data processing plan can be made quicker and simpler by its use. However, careful central control must be maintained so as to avoid fragmentation of machine, language skills, and application taking place.

Inclusion of mobile nodes (MNs) in Internet of Things (IoT) further increases the challenges such as frequent network disconnection and intermittent connectivity because of high mobility rate of nodes. This paper aims to propose a proactive mobility and congestion aware route prediction mechanism (PMCAR) to find the congestion free route from leaf to destination oriented directed acyclic graph root (DODAG-ROOT) which considers number of MNs connected to a static node. This paper compares the proposed technique (PMCAR) with RPL (OF0) which considers the HOP-COUNT to determine the path from leaf to DODAG-ROOT. The authors performed a simulation with the proposed technique in MATLAB to present the benefits in terms of packet loss and energy consumption.

In this pandemic situation, mobile and IoT play major role in predicting and preventing the CoronaVirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Huge amount of computations is happening with the data generated in this pandemic with the help of mobile devices. To route the data to remote locations through the network, it is necessary to have proper routing mechanism without congestion. In this paper, PMCAR mechanism is introduced to achieve the same. Internet of mobile Things (IoMT) is an extension of IoT that consists of static embedded devices and sensors. IoMT includes MNs which sense data and transfer it to the DODAG-ROOT. The nodes in the IoMT are characterised by low power, low memory, low computing power and low bandwidth support. Several challenges are encountered by routing protocols defined for IPV6 over low power wireless personal area networks to ensure reduced packet loss, less delay, less energy consumption and guaranteed quality of service.

The results obtained shows a significant improvement compared to the existing approach such as RPL (OF0). The proposed route prediction mechanism can be applied largely to medical applications which are delay sensitive, particularly in pandemic situations where the number of patients involved and the data gathered from them flows towards a central root for analysis. Support of data transmission from the patients to the doctors without much delay and packet loss will make the response or decisions available more quickly which is a vital part of medical applications.

The computational technologies in this COVID-19 pandemic situation needs timely data for computation without delay. IoMT is enabled with various devices such as mobile, sensors and wearable devices. These devices are dedicated for collecting the data from the patients or any objects from different geographical location based on the predetermined time intervals. Timely delivery of data is essential for accurate computation. So, it is necessary to have a routing mechanism without delay and congestion to handle this pandemic situation. The proposed PMCAR mechanism ensures the reliable delivery of data for immediate computation which can be used to make decisions in preventing and prediction.

In real-time entertainment processing applications, processing of the multiple data streams demands high efficient multiple transfers, which leads to the computational overhead for system-on-chip (SoC), which runs the artificial intelligence algorithms. High-performance direct memory access controller (DMAC) is incorporated in SoC to perform the multiple data transfers without the participation of main processors. But achieving the area-efficient and power-aware DMAC suitable for streaming the multiple data remains to be a daunting challenge among the researchers.

The purpose of this paper to provide the DMA operations without intervention of central processing unit (CPU) for bulk video data transmissions.

The proposed DMAC has been developed based on the hybrid advanced extensible interface (AXI)-PCI bus subsystem to handle the multiple data streams from the video sources. The proposed model consists of bus selector module, user control signal, status register, DMA-supported address and AXI-PCI subsystems to achieve better performance in analysing the video frames.

The extensive experimentation is carried out with Xilinx Zynq SoC architecture using Very High Speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) programming, and performance metrics such as utilization area and power are calculated and compared with the other existing DMA controllers such as Scatter-DMA, Gather-DMA and Enhanced DMA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DMAC has outperformed other existing DMAC in terms of less area, less delay and power, which makes the proposed model suitable for streaming multiple video streams.

This paper proposes a distributed multi‐channel MAC protocol which is an extension of our early work GRID [1]. GRID is characterized by the following features: (i) it integrates a location‐aware channel assignment, (ii) it follows an “on‐demand” style to access the medium, (iii) the number of channels required is independent of the network topology, and (iv) no form of clock synchronization is required. The proposed protocol wants to further improve the GRID in two parts. First, we propose a fully distributed medium access mechanism without using a single control channel such that all of the network traffic can be distributed evenly over all data channels. Therefore, the network throughput will be increased significantly. Second, we can set the more suitable transmission range and GRID size by considering the factors of host density and packet arrival rate of the network within an specified area. Thus, all of channels will be reused more efficiently than GRID. Simulation results show that the throughput of our protocol is superior to GRID and IEEE 802.11.