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1 – 10 of over 62000Qiao Li, Ping Wang, Yifan Sun, Yinglong Zhang and Chuanfu Chen
With the advent of the intelligent environment, as novice researchers, graduate students face digital challenges in their research topic selection (RTS). The purpose of this paper…
Abstract
Purpose
With the advent of the intelligent environment, as novice researchers, graduate students face digital challenges in their research topic selection (RTS). The purpose of this paper is to explore their cognitive processes during data-driven decision making (DDDM) in RTS, thus developing technical and instructional strategies to facilitate their research tasks.
Design/methodology/approach
This study developes a theoretical model that considers data-driven RTS as a second-order factor comprising both rational and experiential modes. Additionally, data literacy and visual data presentation were proposed as an antecedent and a consequence of data-driven RTS, respectively. The proposed model was examined by employing structural equation modeling based on a sample of 931 graduate students.
Findings
The results indicate that data-driven RTS is a second-order factor that positively affects the level of support of visual data presentation and that data literacy has a positive impact on DDDM in RTS. Furthermore, data literacy indirectly affects the level of support of visual data presentation.
Practical implications
These findings provide support for developers of knowledge discovery systems, data scientists, universities and libraries on the optimization of data visualization and data literacy instruction that conform to students’ cognitive styles to inform RTS.
Originality/value
This paper reveals the cognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of data literacy and data-driven RTS under rational and experiential modes on the level of support of the tabular or graphical presentations. It provides insights into the match between the visualization formats and cognitive modes.
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Timothy M. Madden, Laura T. Madden and Anne D. Smith
This chapter presents a novel method for using PechaKucha presentations to generate and analyze participant-generated video data. As a data source, participatory video (PV…
Abstract
This chapter presents a novel method for using PechaKucha presentations to generate and analyze participant-generated video data. As a data source, participatory video (PV) differs from ethnographic or archival video by relying on participants to tell their own stories. As a presentation technique, PechaKucha produces six-minute-and-forty-second, narrated slideshow presentations. The slideshows or recordings from live PechaKucha presentations are a dense form of PV that is easier to code and analyze than traditional sources of PV. This chapter describes the procedures to capture and analyze PechaKucha-based PV and illustrates considerations for researchers who plan to use PV to gather data.
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Budgetary and activity‐based data examination and analysis are core to planning for all organizations. This paper seeks to explore aspects of budgetary financial data and activity…
Abstract
Purpose
Budgetary and activity‐based data examination and analysis are core to planning for all organizations. This paper seeks to explore aspects of budgetary financial data and activity data focusing on how each is presented separately and in tandem for more productive decision making.
Design/methodology/approach
Correlations between how data are typically presented versus how they may possibly be presented serve as the basis for a discussion on advantages to a more journalistic and visual approach to looking at numerical analysis.
Findings
Using numbers to tell a story is the preferred method to inspire positive action when both presenting and beginning any and all discussions about budgetary and activity data. Library leaders wishing positive outcomes to stem from their data are advised to spend more time making data appealing in form for presentation to a variety of audiences.
Originality/value
Financial and outcomes measures data analysis is growing in popularity as a means for making data‐driven decisions. Many leaders, however, continue to show numbers in standardized tabular form to all of their stakeholders. This method of presentation attempting to encourage others to enjoy and respect data analysis is not preferred to a more dynamic and visual adoption of data styling. It is argued that attractive presentation of data makes data analysis more attractive, and therefore, more likely to occur.
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Lasse Mertins and Lourdes Ferreira White
This study examines the impact of different Balanced Scorecard (BSC) formats (table, graph without summary measure, graph with a summary measure) on various decision outcomes…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the impact of different Balanced Scorecard (BSC) formats (table, graph without summary measure, graph with a summary measure) on various decision outcomes: performance ratings, perceived informativeness, and decision efficiency.
Methodology/approach
Using an original case developed by the researchers, a total of 135 individuals participated in the experiment and rated the performance of carwash managers in two different scenarios: one manager excelled financially but failed to meet targets for all other three BSC perspectives and the other manager had the opposite results.
Findings
The evaluators rated managerial performance significantly lower in the graph format compared to a table presentation of the BSC. Performance ratings were significantly higher for the scenario where the manager failed to meet only financial perspective targets but exceeded targets for all other nonfinancial BSC perspectives, contrary to the usual predictions based on the financial measure bias. The evaluators reported that informativeness of the BSC was highest in the table or graph without summary measure formats, and, surprisingly, adding a summary measure to the graph format significantly reduced perceived informativeness compared to the table format. Decision efficiency was better for the graph formats (with or without summary measure) than for the table format.
Originality/value
Ours is the first study to compare tables, graphs with and without a summary measure in the context of managerial performance evaluations and to examine their impact on ratings, informativeness, and efficiency. We developed an original case to test the boundaries of the financial measure bias.
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Trish Reay, Asma Zafar, Pedro Monteiro and Vern Glaser
In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitative findings. The authors analyze all articles based on qualitative research…
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitative findings. The authors analyze all articles based on qualitative research methods published in the Academy of Management Journal from 2010 to 2017 and supplement this by informally surveying colleagues about their “favorite” qualitative authors. As a result, the authors identify five ways of presenting qualitative findings in research articles. The authors suggest that each approach has advantages as well as limitations, and that the type of data and theorizing is an important consideration in determining the most appropriate approach for the presentation of findings. The authors hope that by identifying these approaches, they enrich the way authors, reviewers, and editors approach the presentation of qualitative findings.
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To help to clarify the role of XML tools and standards in supporting transition and migration towards a fully XML‐based environment for managing access to information.
Abstract
Purpose
To help to clarify the role of XML tools and standards in supporting transition and migration towards a fully XML‐based environment for managing access to information.
Design/methodology/approach
The Ching Digital Image Library, built on a three‐tier architecture, is used as a source of examples to illustrate a number of methods of data manipulation for presentation processing. An SQL relational database is implemented in the data tier and Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) is used to manage processes and sessions in the middle tier. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used in the data tier to represent offers and in the presentation tiers to represent screen displays that can be manipulated using the XML Document Object Model (DOM), XML Data Islands, and XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language), before being delivered to the web browser as HTML.
Findings
It is demonstrated that, although XML itself is not a database, the XML family provides many, though not all, of the components found in databases. XML coupled with a database gives greater power than the sum of the parts in a web application.
Originality/value
This paper is a digital image library case study with practical generic tutorial elements about the role and function of XML in modern database‐backed web sites.
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David E. Caughlin and Talya N. Bauer
Data visualizations in some form or another have served as decision-support tools for many centuries. In conjunction with advancements in information technology, data…
Abstract
Data visualizations in some form or another have served as decision-support tools for many centuries. In conjunction with advancements in information technology, data visualizations have become more accessible and more efficient to generate. In fact, virtually all enterprise resource planning and human resource (HR) information system vendors offer off-the-shelf data visualizations as part of decision-support dashboards as well as stand-alone images and displays for reporting. Plus, advances in programing languages and software such as Tableau, Microsoft Power BI, R, and Python have expanded the possibilities of fully customized graphics. Despite the proliferation of data visualization, relatively little is known about how to design data visualizations for displaying different types of HR data to different user groups, for different purposes, and with the overarching goal of improving the ways in which users comprehend and interpret data visualizations for decision-making purposes. To understand the state of science and practice as they relate to HR data visualizations and data visualizations in general, we review the literature on data visualizations across disciplines and offer an organizing framework that emphasizes the roles data visualization characteristics (e.g., display type, features), user characteristics (e.g., experience, individual differences), tasks, and objectives (e.g., compare values) play in user comprehension, interpretation, and decision-making. Finally, we close by proposing future directions for science and practice.
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Yu-Jung Cheng and Shu-Lai Chou
This study applies digital humanity tools (Gephi and Protégé) for establishing and visualizing ontologies in the cultural heritage domain. According to that, this study aims to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study applies digital humanity tools (Gephi and Protégé) for establishing and visualizing ontologies in the cultural heritage domain. According to that, this study aims to develop a novel evaluation approach using five ontology indicators (data overview, visual presentation, highlight links, scalability and querying) to evaluate the knowledge structure presentation of cultural heritage ontology.
Design/methodology/approach
The researchers collected and organized 824 pieces of government’s open data (GOD), converted GOD into the resource description framework format, applied Protégé and Gephi to establish and visualize cultural heritage ontology. After ontology is built, this study recruited 60 ontology participants (30 from information and communications technology background; 30 from cultural heritage background) to operate this ontology and gather their different perspectives of visual ontology.
Findings
Based on the ontology participant’s feedback, this study discovered that Gephi is more supporting than Protégé when visualizing ontology. Especially in data overview, visual presentation and highlight links dimensions, which is supported visualization and demonstrated ontology class hierarchy and property relation, facilitated the wider application of ontology.
Originality/value
This study offers two contributions. First, the researchers analyzed data on East Asian architecture with novel digital humanities tools to visualize ontology for cultural heritage. Second, the study collected participant’s feedback regarding the visualized ontology to enhance its design, which can serve as a reference for future ontological development.
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Thomas A. Stetz, Scott B. Button and Dustin W. Scott
The purpose of this paper is to assess the use of two innovative job analysis techniques. First, a graphic‐based approach is used to collect job classification data. Second, the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the use of two innovative job analysis techniques. First, a graphic‐based approach is used to collect job classification data. Second, the results are presented in a graphical representation to decision makers. In addition, the paper examines two concepts, similarity and relatedness, often confused by subject matter experts (SMEs) and decision makers in the context of job classification.
Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach was used. Focus groups of SMEs used a graphic‐based tool to group jobs into occupational clusters based on the concepts of similarity and relatedness. To effectively communicate the results to organizational decision makers a graphic presentation technique was used.
Findings
The paper found that SMEs were highly engaged in the graphical approach. Decision makers were also intrigued by the graphical presentation. In addition, the paper found confusion between the concepts of similarity and relatedness throughout the process. This confusion had important implications for the grouping of jobs into occupational clusters.
Practical implications
The graphic presentation of results highlighted issues around which the agency had been previously struggling. The approach allowed decision makers to examine and understand meaningful data and reach consensus on complex, multi‐faceted issues. The results also showed that people often confuse the similarity and relatedness of jobs, and that this confusion should be taken into consideration when communicating with non‐job analysts.
Originality/value
Job analysis and classification has changed little over the past several decades. This paper applies innovative ideas to job classification which are equally applicable to job analysis offering interesting avenues for future research and practice.
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Discusses the use of library statistics to justify budget increases for public library programs. Focuses on three major budget areas: staff, collection, and facilities. Provides…
Abstract
Discusses the use of library statistics to justify budget increases for public library programs. Focuses on three major budget areas: staff, collection, and facilities. Provides guidance on deciding which data are relevant to a specific argument. Identifies internal and external sources of data. Describes methods of using data to create an effective budget presentation including simple data use techniques and tips for creating more straightforward and effective graphical displays of data.
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