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In persons with an intellectual developmental disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often difficult to differentiate, particularly when patients present major communication difficulties and low accessibility to subjective symptoms and clinicians are poorly trained in the specific psychopathological phenomenology. OCD and ASD share some important symptoms such as repetitiveness of behaviours, low flexibility to contextual variations or a narrow range of interests. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe symptomatological specificities, including how they manifest at behavioural level.

The present study is a retrospective case series study (n = 3) focusing on in-depth assessment, detection and comprehension of symptomatological specificities as well as on the direct observation of behavioural symptoms.

Some symptoms such as signs of sudden autonomous nervous system activation or behavioural equivalents of obsessive thoughts are crucial in achieving an effective differential or comorbidity diagnosis. These symptoms can be identified through a multidisciplinary and comprehensive evaluation, integrating present clinical and test findings with a thorough developmental and medical history. Symptoms should also be interpreted in the light of antecedent, contextual and personal factors.

Differential diagnosis between OCD and ASD in persons with major cognitive and communication issues is a rather neglected research area, although it has significant implications for treatment planning and implementation.

Though the very high prevalence of psychiatric disorders (PD) in people with intellectual disability (PwID), the impact of these disorders on adaptive functioning has been minimally investigated. The few contributions present in the literature focussed on children, adolescents, and individual with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). There are no studies concerning the evaluation of any kind of impact on individual skills. Comparison studies between PD and organic disorders, including neurological disorders (ND), was also underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the presence of a PD on the adaptive functioning of adults with intellectual disability (ID).

In total, 107 adults with ID living in residential facilities or attending day care centers in Tuscany were consecutively assessed with the Psychiatric Instrument for the Intellectually Disabled Adult (SPAID-G), the Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability (DM-ID) criteria, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). The scores were statistically compared and results were controlled for level of ID and other background variables.

The presence of a PD resulted to have a significant negative impact on individual adaptive skills. Participants with PD scored significantly lower than those without PD in communication and socialization areas of VABS. Participants with ND scored significantly lower than people without ND in daily living and motor skills. The average scores of participants with only PD and those of participants with PD and ND showed no significant differences. Significant differences were found between participants with only ND and participants with ND and PD in the interpersonal relationship subscale.

As far as the best knowledge, this is the first study on the evaluation of the impact of any kind of PD on the abilities of PwID. This paper suggests that the presence of a PD seems to have a relevant negative impact on functioning of PwID higher than that of ND, particularly in communication and socialization skills.

Diagnosing psychiatric disorders (PD) in adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) presents several issues and need specific skills and tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the current status of art through a systematic mapping of the literature.

The authors reviewed the international literature on the basis of the following questions: what are the issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process for adults with ID? What methods and procedures have been used for psychiatric assessment in ID? To date, is it possible to identify some most effective procedures?

The analysis of the literature indicates that main issues of the psychiatric diagnostic process in adults with ID are the following: identification of psychiatric symptoms, behavioural equivalents, diagnostic criteria, setting, source of information, screening, and diagnostic tools. The evidence base is only emerging and although many relevant achievements have been reached in the last two decades, no definitive guideline has been produced. Most recent acquisition also allowed to identify some assessment procedures that are currently considered the most effective. Individualised assessment remains the best way to meet the needs of this heterogeneous and variable patient group.

This paper offers a comprehensive and updated description of current achievements and issues towards the assessment of PD in people with ID.