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Wide differences in response rates to the Carbon Disclosure Project’s (CDP’s) climate change program between countries have been explained by legal origins and the varying extent of environmental regulation. This paper seeks to enhance the explanation by examining the relevance of two dimensions of “democratic capital” – both the influence of countries’ experiences with democratic government recruitment are considered, as well as experiences with civil liberties. In addition, it is examined whether these forms of democratic capital are mediated by environmental regulation.

The authors draw upon the literature on the relationship between political regime form and environmental policy and the environmental disclosure literature debate. Hypotheses are based on institutional and stakeholder theory. Methodologically, multilevel regression analysis is used.

Results show that the history of democratic government recruitment is a relevant factor to explain firms’ disclosure decisions. The amount of freedom in civil society seems to also matter, but results are less clear in this regard. The hypothesis concerning the mediation effects of environmental regulation could not be corroborated. Findings, thus, corroborate the claim that standards of informational transparency flourish best in countries with a pluralistic political culture.

The results imply that voluntary carbon transparency may thrive as democratization advances, but its success may also be endangered by the recent revitalization of authoritarianism.

The authors deliver the first paper which tests the hypotheses on the influence of the “democratic capital” on the countries-of-origin on the firms’ carbon disclosure decisions, based on a multilevel analysis.

The purpose of this study is to examine the lasting effect of reproductive behaviour on career cycles for women. Women are the main bearers of population reproduction and family division of labour and a source of innovation for social and economic construction. However, few studies have used a comprehensive theoretical framework to research why female employees suffer from employment exclusion (EE) after multiple births. Therefore, structured equation modelling is used to test the degree of fit between the theoretical model and the data, to verify whether the hypotheses are valid and then make an appropriate interpretation of the theoretical model.

The paper focusses on working mothers with two or more children and is based on questionnaire surveys, with 306 pieces of primary data obtained. This paper constructed the chained mediation model on the theoretical basis of the conservation of resources theory to examine and analyse the mechanisms of family–work conflict (FWC) and human capital depreciation (HCD) on EE.

Empirical results suggested that FWC has a significant positive impact on EE, while HCD does not. Chain mediation variables of family orientation (FO) and work engagement (WE) mediated the relationship between FWC and EE significantly, as well as between HCD and EE. Each antecedent positively predicted FO and, through FO, indirectly affected WE, then indirectly affected EE.

In the context of fertility policy adjustment and population structural imbalance, research from the perspective of females may better reflect reality and deepen understanding of EE to avoid it.

Frist, relevant studies mostly study the factors affect in women’s equal employment from the macro levels, and focus on qualitative research, and lack sufficient empirical analysis. Second, this study locates the research object in the group of working mothers with two or more children. The focus of the research objects makes the research conclusions help to improve the work dilemma of special groups. Third, this study has opened up the “black box” between employees’ individual resources and work attitudes and behavior tendencies. Fourth, this study expands the possible outcome variables of FWC.

Empirical research has unambiguously shown that married men receive higher wages than unmarried, whereas a wage premium for cohabiters is not as evident yet. This paper aims to exploit the observed difference between the marital and the cohabiting wage premium in Germany to draw conclusions about the sources, typically explained by specialisation (e.g. husbands being more productive because their wives take over household chores) or selection (high earnings potentials being more attractive on the marriage market).

The paper analyzes the cohabiting and the marital wage premium in Germany using a shifting panel design for marriages and move‐ins from 1993 to 2004 in the German Socio‐Economic Panel. With non‐parametric matching models men who get married (treatment group I) are matched with cohabiting respectively single men (control groups) and men who move in with a partner (treatment group II) with singles.

Matching reveals that higher wages are mostly due to positive selection – into marriage as well as into cohabitation. Supplementary analysis of intra‐household time use suggests that specialization, if any, is part of the selection process from single to cohabitation to marriage.

This is the first application of non‐parametric matching in a comparative study of the marital and the cohabiting wage premium and thus provides new insights into their respective sources. It is also the first investigation of family‐status‐related wage premiums in Germany.