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This paper aims to solve the problem that the changing of groove size and assembly gap would affect the precision of the multi-pass path planning and the welding quality and realize the automatic welding of a thick plate.

First, a double-sided double arc welding (DSAW) system with a self-designed passive vision sensor was established, then the image of the groove was captured and the characteristic parameters of groove were extracted by image processing. According to the welding parameters and the extracted geometry size, multi-pass path planning was executed by the DSAW system.

A DSAW system with a self-designed passive vision sensor was established which can realize the welding thick plate by double-sided double arc by two robots. The clear welding image of the groove was acquired, and an available image processing algorithm was proposed to accurately extract the characteristic parameters of the groove. According to the welding parameters and the extracted geometry size, multi-pass path planning can be executed by the DSAW system automatically.

Gas metal arc welding is used for root welding and filler passes in DSAW. Multi-pass path planning for thick plate by Double-sided Double Arc Welding (DSAW) based on vision sensor was proposed.

The key purpose of conducting this review is to identify the issues that affect the structural integrity of pipeline structures. Heat affected zone (HAZ) has been identified as the weak zone in pipeline welds which is prone to have immature failures

In the present work, literature review is conducted on key issues related to the structural integrity of pipeline steel welds. Mechanical and microstructural transformations that take place during welding have been systematically reviewed in the present review paper.

Key findings of the present review underline the role of brittle microstructure phases, and hard secondary particles present in the matrix are responsible for intergranular and intragranular cracks.

The research limitations of the present review are new material characterization techniques that are not available in developing countries.

The practical limitations are new test methodologies and associated cost.

The fracture of pipelines significantly affects the surrounding ecology. The continuous spillage of oil pollutes the land and water of the surroundings.

The present review contains recent and past studies conducted on welded pipeline steel structures. The systematic analysis of studies conducted so far highlights various bottlenecks of the welding methods.